street rip-rapped, graded and sodded so as to present a natural appearance; and finishing touches put upon the Loop Drive at Port Day at this point. In 1906, the Niagara Falls Hydraulic Power and Manufacturing Company removed all of the piers from State lands at Port Day, and reduced the height of the piers on their own property to about one foot above high water, thus greatly improving the outlook up the river.

BRIDGES TO GOAT ISLAND.

Prior to 1900 the approach from the mainland to Goat Island was by means of two whipple truss iron bridges-one leading from the mainland to Green Island, and the other from Green Island to Goat Island. Between June, 1900, and August, 1901, thesc two inadequate and insecure structures were removed, and two fine reinforced concrete arch bridges substituted. These bridges are low and unobtrusive; their form is graceful; and their material harmonizes well with the rugged scenery in which they are set.

In 1902 the banks of the mainland on each side at the approach to the first bridge were cut away to the width of the bridge, riprapped with rustic stone, sodded, and planted with drooping plants and vines.

GREEN ISLAND.

The Island in midstream connecting these two bridges was formerly called Bath Island, from some bath houses which stood thereon. One of the first acts of the incumbent Commissioners, in November, 1898, was to supplant this disagreeable title with the euphonious name of Green Island, in honor of Hon. Andrew H. Green, who had long been a Commissioner of the Reservation and President of the Commission. By the removal of buildings and other changes, the Island has been completely transformed and restored to a natural appearance.

GOAT ISLAND.

On Goat Island, almost all buildings have been removed, leaving only the picturesque stone shelter near the entrance, the Cave of the Winds building which has been moved to a less conspicuous place, the old shelter near the Three Sister Islands, the ice

house which is hidden in the gravel pit, and the frame barn and workshop near the middle of the island. All wooden stairs except the Biddle Stairs have been removed and where possible inclined paths have been built in their places. Where paths have been impracticable, stone steps have been built. At important viewpoints, the roads have been moved back, increasing the safety of vehicles and the facilities for sight-seeing by pedestrians. Several beautiful paths along the margin of the island have been built, one of the most notable being that from the Horseshoe Fall to the American Fall along the talus slope. At Terrapin Point, in addition to the removal of wooden stairs, a new steel and iron bridge has been substituted for the wooden bridge, and a stone and concrete platform has been erected in place of the wooden platform. The improvements here and along the talus slope have opened up what was hitherto an impenetrable wilderness and have enabled visitors to secure some entirely new and delightful views.

THE THREE SISTER ISLANDS BRIDGES.

Prior to 1898, access from Goat Island to the First Sister Island was by means of an old and insecure wooden bridge. The old bridge has been removed and a new stone arch of rough native stone built in its place. While the coffer dam was in the channel above the bridge, during the work, advantage was taken of the opportunity to deepen the channel about two feet by blasting. For several years the water between the First Sister and Goat Island had been very low, and by this operation its volume was materially increased.

The two cable suspension bridges from the First to the Second and from the Second to the Third Sister Island have been rebuilt, their wooden approaches removed, and stone approaches constructed.

MISCELLANEOUS PHYSICAL IMPROVEMENTS.

In addition to the foregoing specific improvements, there have been many others of a general character. In all parts of the Reservation walks and roads have been built and repaired. Banks and retaining walls injured by ice have been restored. Landslides have been checked. Shores eroded by water and ice have been