America Past, America Present: Genes and Languages in the Americas and BeyondColin Renfrew McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2000 - 175 Seiten Aspects of the prehistory of the Americas currently remain little understood, with suggested dates for the first human colonization varying widely between 40,000 and 14,000 years ago. In this volume, molecular geneticists and historical linguists debate the evidence for the first peopling of the Americas, and for the subsequent emergence of the remarkable genetic and linguistic diversity still seen among Native Americans to this day. Part I offers a general consideration of the theme of language distribution and genetic variation in human populations with emphasis on the population-specific polymorphism issue. In parts II and III linguistic variation in Native American populations and their accompanying molecular genetic variability are discussed by leading specialists. In the final part unanswered questions in historical linguistics are debated, including the macrofamily problem with particular reference to the postulated but contoversial Amerind family. |
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Seite 79
... haplogroups ' . The four haplogroups were termed A , B , C and D. Haplogroup A is defined by the Haelll site at np 663 , haplogroup B by the 9 - bp deletion , haplogroup C by the Hincll site loss at np 13259 , and haplogroup D by the ...
... haplogroups ' . The four haplogroups were termed A , B , C and D. Haplogroup A is defined by the Haelll site at np 663 , haplogroup B by the 9 - bp deletion , haplogroup C by the Hincll site loss at np 13259 , and haplogroup D by the ...
Seite 80
... haplogroup even when reversions and / or parallelisms affect one or more mutations in the motif ( Torroni et al ... haplogroup A. Moreover , it was observed that the amount of variation accumulated within Na - Dene haplogroup A was much ...
... haplogroup even when reversions and / or parallelisms affect one or more mutations in the motif ( Torroni et al ... haplogroup A. Moreover , it was observed that the amount of variation accumulated within Na - Dene haplogroup A was much ...
Seite 81
... haplogroup B. This scenario got support from the observation that the sequence divergence accumulated within Amerind haplogroup B ( 0.034 per cent ) was much lower than that observed within Amerind haplogroups A , C and D ( 0.075 per ...
... haplogroup B. This scenario got support from the observation that the sequence divergence accumulated within Amerind haplogroup B ( 0.034 per cent ) was much lower than that observed within Amerind haplogroups A , C and D ( 0.075 per ...
Inhalt
emergence | 17 |
The genetic origins of Old Testament priests | 31 |
their reliability | 47 |
Urheberrecht | |
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allele American Journal Amerind analysis Anthropology appear Asian branches cent Central chromosome classification clear Cohanim communities comparative comparison consider correspondences defined developed dialects differentiation distribution diversity Eastern estimate et al evidence example exist Figure four frequency further gene flow geographical Greenberg groups haplogroup haplotypes historical Human Genetics Indians indicates individuals interest isolates Italy Journal of Human language families Levites lineages linguistic Maipurean markers Merriwether method microsatellite migration mitochondrial DNA molecular genetic mtDNA mutation Native American Neel North noted observed occurred origin patterns polymorphisms populations possible present Press probability proposed PSPs questions recent reconstruction region regular relationships relatively samples Sciences sequence shared similar single social sound South America specific spread structure suggested Table tion Torroni tree tribes types University variation villages vowel Wallace World YanHap Yanomama