The mere addition thus made to Baltimore city, Foreign Articles. for population or value of property, is far greater There have been several arrivals from Europe than that of any one of seven or eight of the counsince our last, by which, English papers of about the middle of December, and French of the latter ties of the state, and equal, or superior, to that of end of that month have been received. We had two several pairs of united counties-But each prepared a distinct account of their contents, but county sends four members to the legislature. This is Maryland representation. so the necessity of the case is, that the matter must Of the political motives that led to this procebe deferred. They contain, however, nothing im portant. There had been a great riot, or "insurrec-dure, it does not belong to this work to say any thing. tion" in London on the 2nd of Dec. which was Pennsylvania.-At the late election for state treaquelled in the usual way-by the military. The city of London has addressed the prince regent insurer, the joint ballot of the legislature stood thus a manner so bold and explicit as to cause him to for Wm. Findlay, "rep." 82; James Brady, "fed." say in his reply that he received the address "with 20; James Whitehill, "old-school," 10. Imprisonment for debt.-A bill is before the legissurprise and regret." The duke of Wellington lature of New-York for abolishing imprisonment for has suddenly arrived in England, even unknown to debt. The certificates published about the hardhis wife, and speculation is afloat as to the object ships suffered by this class of society in that state of his journey-but all appears tranquil in France, and the most important feature of the news from are almost beyond belief-it appears that they are that country seems to be, that-the king, by over-dependent wholly on charity for subsistence and eating, or from some other cause, was sick. Whatsoever is useful for record shall be attended to next week. CHRONICLE. D. D. Tompkins resigned the office of governor of the state of New-York, about the 20th instant, being elected vice-president of the United States. Lead. The valuable lead mines, on both sides of the Mississippi are now worked very extensively, and to great profit. the means of keeping them from perishing with the cold. In the year 1816 there were confined in the jail of New-York 579 debtors, for debts under the sum of 25 dollars-all, or nearly all of whom must have starved, but for charitable donations-1100 debtors in that year were fed by the Humane society!-Such is the substance of certificates of the sheriffs, &c. Senate of the United States. According to the theory of our government, and Exchange-At New-York, Feb. 22-on London, the general impression on that subject, the senate 101 to 1013; on Boston, 1 per cent. advance. Phi- of the United States, whose members are chosen ladelphia, par to dis.; Baltimore, dis.; Virginia for six years, should be the most permanent and and North-Carolina,dis.; South-Carolina and Geor-least changeable of the branches of the government. On this ground hostility to the senate has gia, par; New-Orleans, 2 dis. Mediterranean squadron.-Our last accounts state been entertained by many good men, as possessing greater power, and being more permanent in its chathat our squadron was at Syracuse. The brig Tom Bowline is reported in the Missis-racter than is consistent with the democratic prinsippi, proceeding to New-Orleans, in company with ciples of our government. A few facts on this suba Carthagenian privateer, as her prize. No particu-ject, will shew what in practice, is the character of this branch of the government. lars stated. One 74 gun ship is building at Washington City, and it is stated that the keels of two others will be laid at New-York and Norfolk. Some frigates are also to be built. It is well known that the senators are arranged into three classes; one of which goes out of office at the end of each congress. Of the class whose term of service expires on the 3d of March next, The spacious tavern and stage house, at Havre de but one will take a seat in the senate on the 4th of Grace, occupied by Mr. Gilbert, recently took fire March next (Mr. Williams of Tennessee) and that at 2 o'clock in the morning, and was entirely con-one temporarily appointed by the executive of the sumed. There were in all about 40 lodgers in the house, some of whom escaped with great difficulty, and with considerable damage, by leaping from windows, &c. Among the lodgers was maj. gen. Brown and his suit, who lost all his baggage. state which he represents. Of those who composed the senate on the 4th of March, 1813, four years ago, but five will take their seats as senators on the 4th day of next month. From the fourth day of March, 1813, to the 4th Mr. Milligan, of Georgetown, D. C. has advertis- March 1817, inclusive, there will have been the ed A Treatise on Political Economy, translated from number of persons which follow in the office of sean unpublished work, by the count Destutt Tracy, nator from the respective states, each state being member of the senate and institute of France. The entitled to two representatives in the senate. There reason given for publishing this work in a transla- will have been, for example, from tion, and in this country, is that the author could New-Hampshire not safely publish it, at present, in France without Vermont mutilation. He preferred first giving it to a coun- Massachusetts try, "which is afraid to read nothing, and which Rhode Island Connecticut may be entrusted with any thing." 4 Maryland 3 3 4 North Carolina 4 Tennessee 4 Kentucky 4 Ohio 4 Louisiana Baltimore city. The legislature, at its late sitting, New-York passed an act to annex the Precincts, as they were New Jersey called, to the city of Baltimore, against the con- Pennsylvania sent of nine-tenths, perhaps, of the people of both. Delaware It is presumed our readers will find in these facts By this procedure the city acquires a population of 16 or 17,000 souls; and still has only two members in the evidence of a more frequent renovation of the the house of delegates-a fortieth part of the pow-senate, of a more continued rotation in office in that fourth, of all body, than any of them without inquiring would er of legislation, and a fifth, if not, have supposed.-Nat. Int: the white persons in the whole state. No. 2 OF VOL. XII.] · BALTIMORE, SATURDAY, MARCH 8, 1817. Hæc olim meminisse juvabit.—VIRGIL. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY H. NILES, AT THE HEAD OF CHEAPSIDE, AT $5 PER ANNUM. The Inauguration. The president reached the congress-hall a hibẻ before 12; and at the same time the ex-president arrived, and the judges of the supreme court. All having entered the chamber of the senate, then in session, the vice president took the chair, and the A perti WASHINGTON, MARCH 3. The following letter was received by the senate from the president elect, and read: City of Washington, March 1, 1817. SIR-I beg leave through you to inform the ho-path of office was administered to him. norable senate of the United States, that I propose vice-president. nent address was delivered on the occasion by the to take the oath which the constitution prescribes to the president of the United States before he enters on the execution of his office, on Tuesday, the 4th inst. at 12 o'clock, in the chamber of the house of representatives. I have the honor to be, with the greatest respect, sir, your most obedient humble servant. JAMES MONROE. The hon. John Gaillard, president of the senate of the U. States. Order of arrangement on the fourth of March, 1817; determined on by the committee of the senate. This ceremony having ended, the senate ad. journed, and the president and vice president, the the marshals, &c. attended the president to the ele judges of the supreme court, the senate generally, where, in the presence of an immense concourse of vated portico temporarily erected for the occasion, officers of the government, foreign officers, strangers, (ladies as well as gentlemen) and citizens, the president rose and delivered the following SPEECH. I should be destitute of feeling if I was not deepThe senate will meet and be organized in the se-tizens have given me of their confidence, in callly affected by the strong proof which my fellow-ci nate chamber at 11 o'clock, A. M. and remove to the chamber of the house of representatives in time to receive the president elect at the appointed hour of 12 o'clock. The committee of arrangement will receive the president elect at the door of the chamber of the house of representatives, and conduct him to the chair. The president elect will be attended by heads of departments, marshal of the district, marshals of the day, and the mayors of the district. The president of the senate, with his secretary, to be seated on the right of the chair, the ex-president on his right, and the speaker of the house of representatives on his left. The heads of departments to be seated on the right, and the foreign ministers, with their suites, on the left of the chair. Ladies will be accommodated with seats in the chamber to the utmost extent, consistent with the preceding arrangements. The end door of the gallery will be open for the accommodation of citizens generally. No other persons than those before specified can be received on the floor of the chamber; and officers will be appointed to enforce these regulations ing me to the high office, whose functio is I am In commencing the duties of the chief executive office, it has been the practice of the distinguished eiples which would govern them in their respective men who have gone before me, to explain the prin administrations. In following their venerated example, my attention is naturally drawn to the great causes which have contributed in a principal deUnited States. They will best explain the nature gree, to produce the present happy condition of the of our duties, and shed much light on the policy which ought to be pursued in future. From the commencement of our revolution to the present day, almost forty years have elapsed, and from the establishment of this constitution, twenty eight. Through this whole term, the government Washington, March 5. has been, what may emphatically be called, Under the auspices of a delightful day, yester-[self government; and what has been the effect? To day took place the interesting ceremony attendant whatever object we turn our attention, whether it on the entrance of the president elect of the Unit-relates to our foreign or domestic concerns, we find ed States, on the duties of his arduous station. The abundant cause to felicitate ourselves in the excel ceremony and the spectacle were simple, but ience of our institutions. During a period fraught grand, animating and impressive. with difficulties, and marked by very extraordinary At half after 11 o'clock, the president, with him events, the United States have flourished beyond the vice-president elect, left his private residence, xample. Their citizens, individually, have been attended by a large cavalcade of citizens on horse-happy, and the nation prosperous. back, marshalled by the gentlemer appointed to ibat duty. Under this constitution our commerce has been wisely regulated with foreign mations, and between B the states; new states have been admitted into our union that is not particularly interested in preser union; our territory has been enlarged, by fair and ing it. The great agricultural interest of the nahonorable treaty, and with great advantage to the ion prospers under its protection. Local interests original states; the states respectively, protected are not less fostered by it. Our fellow citizens of by the national government, under a mild parental the north, engaged in navigation, find great ensystem, against foreign dangers, and enjoying with-couragement in being made the favored carriers of in their separate spheres, by a wise partition of the vast productions of the other portions of the power, a just proportion of the sovereignty, have United States, while the inhabitants of these are improved their police, extended their settlements, amply recompensed, in their turn, by the nursery and attained a strength and maturity which are the for seamen and naval force, thus formed and reared best proofs of wholesome laws, well administered. up for the support of our common rights. Our And if we look to the condition of individuals, what manufacturers find a generous encouragement by a proud spectacle does it exhibit! on whom has op- the policy which patronizes domestic industry; and pression fallen in any quarter of our Union? Who the surplus of our produce, a steady and profitable has been deprived of any right of person or pro-market by local wants, in less favored parts, at perty? Who restrained from offering his vows, in home. the mode which he prefers, to the Divine Author Such, then, being the highly favored condition of his being? It is well known that all these bles- of our country, it is the interest of every citizen to sings have been enjoyed in their fullest extent; and maintain it. What are the dangers which menace I add, with peculiar satisfaction, that there has been us? If any exist, they ought to be ascertained and no example of a capital punishment being inflic-guarded against. ted on any one for the crime of high treason. In explaining my sentiments on this subject, it Some, who might admit the competency of our may be asked, what raised us to the present happy government to these beneficent duties, might doubt state? How did we accommplish the revolution? , in trials, which put to the test its strength and How remedy the defects of the first instrument of efficiency, as a member of the great community of our union, by infusing into the national government nations. Here, too, experience has afforded us the sufficient power for national purposes, without immost satisfactory proof in its favor. Just as this con-pairing the just rights of the states, or affecting stitution was put into action, several of the princi. those of individuals? How sustain, and pass with p: 1 states of Europe had become much agitated, and glory through the late war? The government has some of them seriously convulsed. Destructive been in the hands of the people. To the people, wars ensued, which have, of late only, been termi. therefore, and to the faithful and able depositories minated. In the course of these conflicts, the Uni of their trust, is the credit due. Had the people ted States received great injury from several of the of the United States been educated in different parties. It was their interest to stand aloof from the principles; had they been less in elligent, less indecontest, to demand justice from the party commit-pendent, or less virtuous, can it be believed that ting the injury, and to cultivate, by a fair and ho- we should have maintained the same steady and norable conduct, the friendship of all. War became consistent career, or been blessed with the same at length inevitable, and the result has shewn success? While then, the constituent body retains that our government is equal to that, the greatest of its present sound and healthful state, every thing trials, under the most unfavorable circumstances. will be safe.-They will choose competent and faith Of the virtue of the people, and of the heroic ex ful representatives for every department. It is only ploits of the army, the navy, and the militia, I need when the people become ignorant and corrupt; not speak. when they degenerate into a populace, that they Such, then, is the happy government under which are incapable of exercising the sovereignty. Usurwe live; a government adequate to every purpose for which the social compact is formed; a govern ment elective in all its branches, under which every citizen may, by his merit, obtain the highest trust recognized by the constitution; which contains within it no cause of discord; none to put at variance one portion of the community with another; a government which protects every citizen in the full enjoyment of his rights and is able to protect the nation against injustice from foreign powers. pation is then an easy attainment, and an usurper soon found. The people themselves become the willing instruments of their own debasement and ruin. Let us then look to the great cause, and endeavor to preserve it in full force. Let us, by all wise and constitutional measures, promote intelligence among the people, as the best means of preserving our liberties. Dangers from abroad are not less deserving of attention Experieucing the fortune of other naOther considerations, of the highest importance, tions, the United States may again be involved in admonish us to cherish our union, and to cling to war, and it may in that event be the object of the the government which suppor ́s it. Fortunate as we adverse party to overset our government, to break are, in our political institutions, we have not been our union and demolish us as a nation. Our disless so in other circumstances, on which our pros-tance from Europe, and the just, moderate and perity and happiness essentially depend. Situated pacific policy of our government may form some within the temperate zone, and extending through security against these dangers, but they ought to many degrees of latitude along the Atlantic, the be anticipated and guarded against. Many of our United States enjoy all the varieties of climate, citizens are engaged in commerce and navigation, and every production incident to that portion of and all of them are in a certain degree dependent the globe. Penetrating, internally, to the great on their prosperous state. Many are engaged in lakes, and beyond the sources of the great rivers the fisheries. These interests are exposed to inwhich communicate through our whole interior, vasion in the wars between other powers, and we no country was ever happier with respect to its should disregard the faithful admonitions of experidomain. Blessed too with a fertile soil, our pro-ence if we did not expect it. We must support duce has always been very abundant, leaving, even our rights or lose our character, and with it perin years the least favorable, a surplus for the wants haps our liberties. A people who fail to do it, can of our fellow-men in other countries. Such is our scarcely be said to hold a place among independent peculiar felicity, that there is not a part of our nations. National honor is national property of the highest value. The sentiment in the mind of every citizen, is national strength. It ought therefore to be cherished. secting the country with so many great rivers, bays and lakes, approaching from distant points so near to each other, that the inducement to complete the work seems to be peculiarly strong. A more interesting spectacle was, perhaps, never seen than is exhibited within the limits of the United States; a territory so vast, and advantageously situated, containing objects so grand, so useful, so happily connected in all their parts. To secure us against these dangers, our coast and inland frontiers should be fortified, our army and navy regulated upon just principles as to the force of each, be kept in perfect order, and our militia be placed on the best practicable footing. To put our extensive coast in such a state of defence, as to secure our cities and interior from Our manufactures will, likewise, require the sysinvasion, will be attended with cxpence, but the tematic and fostering care of the government. Poswork when finished will be permanent, and it is sessing, as we do, all the raw materials, the fruit fair to presume that a single campaign of invasion, of our own soil and industry, we ought not to deby a naval force, superior to our own, aided by a pend, in the degree we have done, on supplies from few thousand land troops, would expose us to a other countries. While we are thus dependent, the greater expence, without taking into the estimate sudden event of war, unsought and unexpected, the loss of property and distress of our citizens, cannot fail to plunge us into the most serious difthan would be sufficient for this great work. Our ficulties. It is important, too, that the capital which land and naval forces should be moderate, but ade nourishes our manufactures should be domestic, as quate to the necessary purposes. The former to its influence in that case, instead of exhausting, as garrison and preserve our fortifications and to meet it may do in foreign hands, would be felt advantathe first invasions of a foreign foe; and, while con- geously on agriculture, and every other branch of stituting the elements of a greater force, to preserve industry. Equally important is it, to provide at home the science, as well as all the necessary implements a market for our raw materials, as by extending the of war, in a state to be brought into activity in the competition, it will enhance the price, and protect event of war. The latter, retained within the limits the cultivator against the casualties incident to foproper in a state of peace, might aid in maintaining reign markets. the neutrality of the United States with dignity in With the Indian tribes it is our duty to culti the wars of other powers and in saving the pro- vate friendly relations, and to act with kindness and perty of their citizens from spoliation. In time of liberality in all our transactions. Equally proper war, with the enlargement, of which the great is it, to persevere in our efforts to extend to them naval resources of the country render it suscepti- the advantages of civilization. ble, and which should be duly fostered in time of The great amount of our revenue, and the flou peace, it would contribute essentially, both as an rishing state of the treasury, are a full proof of the auxiliary of defence, and as a powerful engine of tion. ductive. annoyance, to diminish the calamities of war, and competency of the national resources, for any coner. to bring the war to a speedy and honorable termina-ncy, as they are of the willingness of our fellow. citizens to bear the burthens which the public ne cessities require. The vast amount of vacant lands, But it ought always to be held prominently in the value of which daily augments, forms an addi. view, that the safety of these states, and of every tional resource of great extent and duration. These thing dear to a free people, must depend, in an emiresources, besides accomplishing every other necesnent degree, on the militia. Invasions may be made too formidable to be resisted by any land and nava! the United States to discharge the national debt at sary purpose, puts it completely in the power of force, which it would comport, either with the prin- an early period. Peace is the best time for improve. ciples of our government, or the circumstances of the United States, to maintain. In such cases, re-that our commerce flourishes most, that taxes are ment, and preparation of every kind: it is in peace course must be had to the great body of the peo- most easily paid, and that the revenue is most prople, and in a manner to produce the best effect. It is of the highest importance, therefore, that they be so organized and trained, as to be prepared for any The executive is charged, officially, in the deemergency. The arrangement should be such as to partments under it, with the disbursement of the put at the command of the government the ardent public money, and is responsible for the faithful ap patriotism, and youthful vigor of the country. If plication of it, to the purposes for which it is raisedi. formed on equal and just principles, it cannot be The legislature is the watchful guardian over the oppressive. It is the crisis which makes the pres- public purse. It is its duty to see that the disbursesure, and not the laws, which provide a remedy for it. This arrangement should be formed, too, in time of peace, to be the better prepared for war. With such an organization, of such a people, the United States have nothing to dread from foreign invasion. At its approach, an overwhelming force of gallant men might always be put in motion. ment has been honestly made. To meet the requisite responsibility, every facility should be afforded to the executive, to enable it to bring the public agents entrusted with the public money, strictly and promptly to account. Nothing should be presisine 1 against them; but if, with the requisite facilities, the public money is suffered to lie long and uselessty, in Other interests, of high importance, will claim their hands, they will not be the only defaulters, nor attention; among which, the improvement of our will the demoralizing effect be confined to them. It country, by roads and canals, proceeding always will evince a relaxation, and want of tone in the adwith a constitutional sanction, holds a distinguished ministration; which will be felt by the whole com place. By thus facilitating the intercourse betweenmunity. I shall do all that I cm to secure economy the states, we shall add much to the convenience and fidelity in this important branch of the adminis-" and comfort of our fellow-citizens, much to the or-tration, and I doubt not, that the legislature wilt nament of the country; and, what is of greater imperform its duty with equal zeal. A thorough exportance, we shall shorten distances, and by making amination should be regularly made, and I will proeach part more accessible to and dependent on the mote it. sther, we shall bind the union more closely toge- It is particularly gratifying to me, to enter on Nature has done so much for us by inter-the discharge of these duties, at a time when the ther. United States are blessed with peace. It is a state military honors, by the marine corps, by the George most consistent with their prosperity and happiness. town riflemen, a company of artillery, and two It will be my sincere desire to preserve it, so far companies of infantry from Alexandria; and on his as depends on the executive, on just principles, return was saluted in like manner. with all nations, claiming nothing unreasonable of It is impossible to compute with any thing like any, and rendering to each what is its due. accuracy the number of carriages, horses, and perEqually gratifying is it to witness the increased sons present. Such a concourse was never before harmony of opinion which pervades our union. Dis-seen in Washington; the number of persons present cord does not belong to our system. Union is recom- being estimated at from five to eight thousand. The mended, as well by the free and benign principles mildness and radiance of the day cast a brilliant of our government, extending its blessings to every hue on the complexion of the whole ceremony; and individual, as by the other eminent advantages at- it is satisfactory to say, that we heard of no accident tending it. The American people have encountered during the day, notwithstanding the magnitude of together great dangers, and sustained severe trials the assemblage. with success. They constitute one great family, The president and his lady, after his return, rewith a common interest. Experience has enlight-ceived at their dwelling the visits of their friends, ened us on some questions of essential importance of the heads of departments, most of the senators to the country. The progress has been slow, dic and representatives, of all the foreign ministers at tated by a just reflection, and a faithful regard to the seat of government, of strangers and citizens; every interest connected with it. To promote this who also generally paid the tribute of their unabated harmony, in accord with the principles of our repub respect to Mr. and Mrs. Madison. lican government, and in a manner to give them the most complete effect, and to advance, in all other respects, the best interests of our country, will be the object of my constant and zealous exertions. The evening concluded with a splendid ball at Davis's hotel; at which were present the president and ex-president and their ladies, the heads of departmen's, foreign ministers, and an immense throng of strangers and citizens. Address of the vice-president to the senate, after Never did a government commence under auspices so favorable, nor ever was success so complete. If we look to the history of other nations, ancient or modern, we find no example of a growth so rapid so gigantic; of a people so prosperous and happy. In contemplating what we have still to perform, the heart of every citizen must expand with joy, when In entering the office of vice-president, I beg he reflects how near our government has approached leave to offer a public acknowledgement of the to perfection; that in respect to it we have no essen-honor conferred upon me by the people of the Unittial improvement to make; that the great object (ed States, by placing me next in their confidence is to preserve it in the essential principles and fea- to that illustrious citizen whose patriotism, virtue, tures which characterize it, and that that is to be and eminent public services, receive this day the done by preserving the virtue and enlightening the highest reward that a free people can bestow. minds of the people; and, as a security against fo- I assume the duties assigned me in the senate reign dangers, to adopt such arrangements as are with the greatest diffidence, arising from a conindispensable to the support of our independence, sciousness of my inexperience in the forms of deliour rights and liberties. If we persevere in the ca- berate assemblies; and when, at the same time, I reer in which we have advanced so far, and in the reflect that this chair has hitherto been adorned by path already traced, we cannot fail, under the fa-men of the first distinction for experience, talents vor of a gracious Providence, to attain the high des-and character, I am oppressed by the magnitude tiny which seems to await us. of the responsibility which now devolves upon me. In the administration of the illustrious men who My heart assures me that I may promise upright have preceded me in this high station, with some of intentions, zealous industry and rigid impartiality. whom I have been connected by the closest ties If aught beyond these shall merit approbation, it from early life, examples are presented which will will be justly ascribed to the wisdom and magalways be found highly instructive and useful to nanimity of the members of this dignified bodytheir successors. From these I shall endeavor to de-and upon that wisdom and magnanimity I entirely rive all the advantages which they may afford. Of iny repose myself for guidance and support. immediate predecessor, under whom so important a portion of this great and successful experiment has been made, I shall be pardoned for expressing my earnest wishes, that he may long enjoy in his Vice-president Tompkins. to the vice-presidency of the United States to the legislature and militia of the state, in the address and general order inserted below. Gentlemen of the senate and of the retirement the affections of a grateful country, the The governor of New-York announced his election best reward of exalted talents, and the most faithful and meritorious services. Relying on the aid to be derived from the other departinents of government, I enter on the trust to which I have been called by the suffrages of my fellow citizens, with my fervent prayers to the Almighty that he will be graciously pleased to continue to us that protection which he has already so conspicuously displayed in our favor. Having concluded his address, the oath of office was administered to him by the chief justice of the United Sates. The oath was announced by a single gun, and followed by salutes from the navy-yard, the battery, from fort Warburton, and from several pieces of artillery on the ground. assembly of the state of New York Having received official information of my elec. tion to the office of vice-president of the United States, I surrender, through their representatives, to the people of this state, the office of their chief magistrate. Whether the influence of my official conduct on the prosperity, the security, and the character of New-York may be regarded in a favorable or unfa vorable light, I shall always hear with the highest gratification, that those who may succeed to the adThe president was received on his arrival, with ministration of its government shall have far excelled |