1929-30

Actress: Norma Shearer, "Divorcee."
Actor: George Arliss, "Disraeli."

Production: "All Quiet on the Western Front," Universal.

Direction: Lewis Milestone, "All Quiet on the Western Front."

Art Direction: Herman Rosse, "King of Jazz." Cinematography: Willard Vander Veer and Joseph T. Rucker, "With Byrd at the South Pole." Writing: Frances Marion, "The Big House." Sound Recording: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Sound Department, "The Big House."

The Awards to date are:

Henry VIII."

Production: "Cavalcade." Fox Film Corp.
Direction: Frank Lloyd, "Cavalcade."

Art Direction: William L. Darling, "Cavalcade."
Cinematography: Chas. Byrant Lang, Jr. "A

Farewell to Arms."

Writing: Original story: Robert Lord, "One Way Passage." Adaptation: Sarah Y. Mason and Victor Heerman, "Little Women."

Short Subjects: Cartoon: "Three Little Pigs," Disney Productions. Comedy: "So This is Harris," RKO Radio. Novelty: "Krakatoa," Educational Studios, Inc.

Assistant Direction: Wm. Tummel, Fox; Chas. Dorian, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Chas. Barton, Paramount; Dewey Starkey, RKO Radio; Fred Fox, United Artists; Scott Beal, Universal; Gordon Hollingshead, Warner Bros.

Sound Recording: Paramount Sound Department for "A Farewell to Arms."

Scientific Awards: Electrical Research Products, Inc. for Wide Range Recording and Reproducing System, and RCA-Victor Company for High Fidelity Recording and Reproducing System. Fox Film Corp., Warner Bros. and RKO for their development and effective use of the Transluscent Cellulose Screen in Composite Photography.

Direction: Frank Capra, "It Happened One Night."

Art Direction: Cedric Gibbons and Fredric Hope. "The Merry Widow."

Cinematography: Victor Milner, "Cleopatra." Writing: Original story: Arthur Caesar, "Manhattan Melodrama." Adaptation: Robert Riskin, "It Happened One Night."

Short Subjects: Cartoon: "The Tortoise and the Hare," Disney Productions. Comedy: "La Cucaracha," Pioneer Productions. Novelty: "City of Wax, Stacy and Horace Woodard.

Music: Best Song: "Continental," Music by Con Conrad; Lyrics by Herbert Magidson. Best scoring: "One Night of Love," Columbia Pictures Corp.

Assistant Direction: John Waters, "Viva Villa." Film Editing: Conrad Nervig, "Eskimo." Sound Recording: "One Night of Love," Columbia Pictures Sound Department.

Scientific Awards: Electrical Research Products, Inc., for their development of the Vertical Cut Disc Method of recording sound for motion pictures. Columbia Pictures Corp. for their application of the Vertical Cut Disc Method to actual studio production, with the recording of the sound on the picture. "One Night of Love." Bell and Howell Company for development of Bell and Howell Fully Automatic Sound and Picture Printer. Special Award: Shirley Temple, for outstanding contribution to screen entertainment.

1935

Actress: Bette Davis, "Dangerous." Actor: Victor McLaglen. "The Informer." Production: "Mutiny on the Bounty." MetroGoldwyn-Mayer.

Direction: John Ford, "The Informer."

Art Direction: Richard Day. "The Dark Angel." Cinematography: Hal Mohr, "A Midsummer Night's Dream."

Writing: Original story: Ben Hecht and Chas. MacArthur, "The Scoundrel." Adaptation: Dudley Nichols, "The Informer."

Short Subjects: Cartoon: "Three Orphan Kittens," Disney Productions. Comedy: "How to Sleep," Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Novelty: "Wings Over Mt. Everest," Gaumont-British and Skibo Productions.

Music: Best Song: "Lullaby of Broadway," Music by Harry Warren: Lyrics by Al Dubin. Best Scoring: "The Informer." RKO Radio Pictures Music Department.

Dance Direction: Dave Gould, "I've Got a Feeling You're Fooling" from "Broadway Melody of 1936" and "Straw Hat" from "Folies Bergere."

Assistant Direction: Clem Beauchamp and Paul Wing. "The Lives of a Bengal Lancer."

Film Editing: Ralph Dawson, "A Midsummer Night's Dream."

Sound Recording: "Naughty Marietta," MetroGoldwyn-Mayer.

Scientific Awards: Agfa-Ansco Corp. for development of Agfa-Ansco Infra-Red Film. Eastman Kodak Co. for development of Eastman PolaScreen. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for development of anti-directional negative and positive development by means of jet turbulation. William A. Mueller, Warner Bros., for method of dubbing. Mole-Richardson Co. for development of "Solarspot" spot lamps. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for automatic control system for cameras and sound recording machines and auxiliary stage equipment. Electrical Research Products, Inc. for study and development of equipment to analyze and measure flutter. Paramount Productions, for design and construction of Paramount Transparency Air Turbine Developing Machine. Nathan Levinson, Warner Bros.. for new method of intercutting variable density and variable area sound tracks.

Special Award: David Wark Griffith for distinguished creative achievements as director and producer and lasting contributions to progress of motion picture arts.

1936

Actress: Luise Rainer, "The Great Ziegfeld." Actor: Paul Muni, "The Story of Louis Pasteur." Actress (supporting role): Gale Sondergaard, "Anthony Adverse."

Actor (supporting role): Walter Brennan, "Come and Get It.'

Production: "The Great Ziegfeld," Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Direction: Frank Capra, "Mr. Deeds Goes To Town."

Art Direction: Richard Day, "Dodsworth." Cinematography: Tony Gaudio, "Anthony Ad

verse."

Writing: Original story: Pierre Collings and Sheridan Gibney, "The Story of Louis Pasteur," Screen-play by Pierre Collings and Sheridan Gibney, "The Story of Louis Pasteur."

Short Subjects: Cartoon: "Country Cousin," Disney Productions. Color: "Give Me Liberty." Warner Bros. 1-reel: "Bored of Education," Roach Studios. 2-reel: "The Public Pays," Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

Best

Music: Best Song: Jerome Kern and Dorothy Fields for "The Way You Look Tonight." Scoring: Warner Bros. Music Department for "Anthony Adverse."

Dance Direction: Seymour Felix, "A Pretty Girl Is Like a Melody" number from "The Great Ziegfeld," Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

Assistant Direction: Jack Sullivan, "The Charge of The Light Brigade."

Film Editing: Ralph Dawson, "Anthony Adverse." Sound Recording: "San Francisco," Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

Scientific Awards: Douglas Shearer and MetroGoldwyn-Mayer Sound Department for development of practical Two-Way Horn System_and biased Class A Push-Pull Recording System. E. C. Wente and Bell Telephone Laboratories for multicellular high-frequency horn and receiver. The RCA Manufacturing Co. for Rotary Stabilizer Sound Head. RCA Manufacturing Co. for development of method of recording and printing sound records. Electrical Research for ERPI "Type Q" portable recording channel. RCA Manufacturing Company for furnishing practical design and specifications for non-slip printer. United Artists Studio for development of practical efficient, and quiet wind machine.

Special Awards: To March of Time for its significance to motion pictures and for having revolutionized one of most important branches of the industry-the newsreel. W. Howard Greene and Harold Rosson for color cinematography in "The Garden of Allah."

1937

Actress: Luise Rainer, "The Good Earth." Actor: Spencer Tracy, "Captains Courageous." Actress (supporting role): Alice Brady, "In Old Chicago."

Actor (supporting role): Joseph Schildkraut, "The Life of Emile Zola."

Production: "The Life of Emile Zola," Warner

Bros.

Direction: Leo McCarey, "The Awful Truth.” Art Direction: Stephen Goosson, "Lost Horizon." Cinematography: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, "The Good Earth."

Writing: Original story: Wm. A. Wellman and Robert Carson, "A Star is Born." Screen-play: Norman Reilly Raine, Heinz Herald and Geza Herczeg, "The Life of Emile Zola."

Short Subjects: Cartoon: "The Old Mill," Disney Productions. Color: "Penny Wisdom," MetroGoldwyn-Mayer. 1-reel: "Private Life of the Gan

Goldwyn-Mayer.

Music: Best song: Harry Owens for "Sweet Lelanie" from "Waikiki Wedding." Paramount. Best Scoring: "One Hundred Men and a Girl,' Universal.

Dance Direction: Hermes Pan, "Damsel in Distress," RKO Radio.

Film Editing: Gene Havlick and Gene Milford, "Lost Horizon."

Assistant Direction: Robert Webb, "In Old Chicago," 20th-Fox.

Sound Recording: Thomas Moulton for "Hurricane." Goldwyn.

Scientific Awards: To Agfa Ansco Corp., for supreme and ultra speed pan motion picture negatives. To Walt Disney Productions for design and application of Multi-Plane Camera. To Eastman Kodak Co. for fine-grain duplicating film stocks. To Paramount Pictures, for development of Dual Screen Transparency Camera Setup. To MetroGoldwyn-Mayer Sound Department for method of varying the scanning width of variable density sound tracks. To Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Camera Department for improvement of semiautomatic follow focus device and its application. To Columbia Sound Department for application of Bi-Planar Light Valve to motion picture sound recording. To United Aritists Sound Department for application to motion picture sound recording of volume indicators. To RCA Manufacturing Co. for introduction of modulated high-frequency method of determining optimum photographic processing conditions for variable width sound tracks. To Paramount Pictures for application of acoustic principles to the sound proofing of gasoline generators and water pumps. To Metro-GoldwynMayer Sound Department for design of film drive mechanism as incorporated in ERPI 1010 Reproducer.

Special Awards: Mack Sennett for lasting contribution to comedy technique of screen. To Edgar Bergen for outstanding comedy creation, Charlie McCarthy. To W. Howard Green for color photography of "A Star Is Born," Selznick, United Artists. To The Museum of Modern Art Film Library for significant work in collecting films dating from 1895 to the present and for the first time making available to the public the means of studying the historical and aesthetic development of the motion picture as one of the major arts. Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award: To Darryl F. Zanuck.

1938

Actress: Bette Davis, "Jezebel." Actor: Spencer Tracy, "Boys Town." Actress (supporting role): Fay Bainter, “Jezebel." Actor (supporting role): Walter Brennan. "Kentucky."

Production: "You Can't Take It With You," Columbia,

Direction: Frank Capra, "You Can't Take It With You," Columbia.

Art Direction: Carl Weyl, "The Adventures of Robin Hood."

Cinematography: Joseph Ruttenberg. "The Great

Waltz."

Writing: Original story: Dore Schary and Eleanore Griffin, "Boys Town." Screenplay: George Bernard Shaw, "Pygmalion." Adaptation: W. P. Lipscomb, Cecil Lewis and Ian Dalrymple. "Pygmalion.

Short Subjects: Cartoon: "Ferdinand the Bull," Disney. 1-reel: "That Mothers Might Live,' Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. 2-reel: "Declaration of Independence," Warner Bros.

Music: Best Song: Ralph Rainger and Leo Robin for "Thanks for the Memory," from "Big Broadcast of 1938." Best original score: Eric Wolfgang Korngold, "The Adventures of Robin Hood." Best Scoring: Alfred Newman, "Alexander's Ragtime Band.'

Film Editing: Ralph Dawson, "The Adventures of Robin Hood."

Sound Recording: Thomas T. Moulton, "The Cowboy and the Lady."

Scientific Awards: RKO Sound Department for application of compression to variable area recording in motion picture production. To Byron Haskin and Special Effects Department of Warner Bros. for pioneering development, and for first practical application to motion picture production, of triple head background projector.

Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award: To Hal B. Wallis.

Special Awards: To Oliver Marsh and Allan Davey for color cinematography of "Sweethearts." To Deanna Durbin and Mickey Rooney for significant contribution in bringing spirit and personification of youth to screen. To Harry M Warner in recognition of patriotic service in the

Disney for "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs." To Paramount Studio for outstanding achievement in creating the Special Photographic and Sound Effects in Spawn of the North." To J. Arthur Ball for his outstanding contributions to advancement of color in motion picture photography.

1939

Actress: Vivien Leigh, "Gone With the Wind." Actor: Robert Donat, "Goodbye, Mr. Chips." Actress (supporting role): Hattie McDaniel for "Gone With the Wind."

Actor (supporting role): Thomas Mitchell for "Stagecoach.'

Production: "Gone With the Wind," Selznick International.

Direction: Victor Fleming, "Gone With the Wind."

Art Direction: Lyle Wheeler, "Gone With the Wind."

Writing: Original story: Lewis R. Foster, "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington." Screenplay: Sidney Howard, "Gone With the Wind."

Special Effects: Fred Sersen and E. H. Hansen, The Rains Came."

Cinematography: Black-and-white: Gregg Toland, "Wuthering Heights." Color: Ernest Haller and Ray Rennahan, "Gone With the Wind."

Sound Recording: Bernard B. Brown, "When Tomorrow Comes."

Film Editing: Hal C. Kern and James E. Newcom. "Gone With the Wind."

Music: Best Original Score: Herbert Stothart, "The Wizard of Oz," Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Best Scoring: Frank Harling, Richard Hageman, John Leipold, and Leo Shuken, "Stagecoach," Wanger. Best song: E. Y. Harburg and Harold Arlen, "Over the Rainbow" from "The Wizard of Oz,' Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

Short Subjects: Cartoon: "The Ugly Duckling," Disney. 1-reel: "Busy Little Bears," Paramount. 2-reels: "Sons of Liberty," Warner Bros.

Irving G. Thalberg Award: David O. Selznick. Special Awards: To Douglas Fairbanks, recognizing his unique and outstanding contribution to international development of motion pictures. To Technicolor Company for successfully bringing three-color feature production to the screen. Motion Picture Relief Fund acknowledging outstanding services to the industry. To Judy Garland for outstanding performance as screen juvenile.

ΤΟ

To William Cameron Menzies for outstanding achievement in use of color for "Gone With the Wind."

1940

Actress: Ginger Rogers, "Kitty Foyle." Actor: James Stewart, "The Philadelphia Story." Actress (supporting role): Jane Darwell, "The Grapes of Wrath."

Actor (supporting role): Walter Brennan for "The Westerner." Production: "Rebecca," Selznick International. Direction: John Ford, "The Grapes of Wrath," 20th Century-Fox.

Art Direction: Black-and-white: Cedric Gibbons, Paul Groesse, Associate, "Pride and Prejudice." Color: Vincent Korda, "The Thief of Bagdad." Cinematography: Black-and-white: George Barnes, "Rebecca." Color: George Perinal. The Thief of Bagdad.'

Writing: Original story: Benjamin Glazer and John S. Toldy, "Arise, My Love." Screenplay Donald Ogden Stewart, "The Philadelphia Story.' Original screenplay: Preston Sturges, "The Great McGinty."

Sound Recording: Douglas Shearer, "Strike Ur the Band."

Short Subjects: Cartoon: "Milky Way." MetroGoldwyn-Mayer. Rudolph Ising Series. 1-reel. "Quicker'n A Wink," Pete Smith Specialty, MetroGoldwyn-Mayer. 2-reel: "Teddy, The Rough Rider," Warner Bros., Gordon Hollingshead, producer.

Film Editing: Anne Bauchens, "North West Mounted Police."

Music: Best Original Score: Leigh Harline, Paul J. Smith and Ned Washington, "Pinocchio.' Best scoring: Alfred Newman, "Tin Pan Alley." Best song: Ned Washington and Leigh Harline, "When You Wish Upon a Star," from "Pinocchio."

Special Effects: Lawrence Butler and Jack Whitney, "The Thief of Bagdad."

Special Awards: To Bob Hope in recognition of unselfish services to motion picture industry. To Colonel Nathan Levinson for outstanding service to industry and Army. To 20th Century-Fox Films for design and construction of 20th Century Silenced Camera. To Warner Bros. Art Department and Anton Grot for design and perfection of Water Ripple and Wave Illusion Machine.

The distress call "S O S" famous to radiotelegraphy was first officially adopted for international use at the 1906 International Radio Conference at Berlin, although prior to that date the calls "C Q" and "C Q D" had been employed during certain periods after 1900 when the Marconi International Marine Communications Co., Ltd.. began equipping ships for radiotelegraph communication.

A distress call for use in radiotelephony was proposed by the British delegation at the Berlin conference, and the word "Mayday," corresponding to the French pronounciation of the expression "m'aider" (meaning "help me"), was first officially approved for international use in radiotelephony at the International Radiotelegraph Convention held at Washington in 1927. Guiding factors in the choice of the spoken word "Mayday" for the purpose mentioned were its similarity in meaning to the "S O S used in radiotelegraphy, and the prevalence of the use of the French language. "SOS" does not mean literally "Save Our Souls" or "Save Our Ship" as is sometimes claimed, any more than the previous international distress call "CQD" meant "Come Quick Danger." All such calls are based on the speed and clarity with which they can be transmitted.

sea

There was no special wireless call for emergency prior to the turn of the century. About that time the Marconi company began equipping ships for radiotelegraph communication. In doing so it adopted "C Q." which had been in use in wire telegraph as a "general call for many years, as a precedence signal for any ship desiring to communicate with another ship or shore station.

The need for a common distress call was recognized at the preliminary International Radio Conference held at Berlin in 1903. Here the Italian delegation suggested that in emergency a ship should send at intervals the signal "SSSDDD." No action was taken at this conference.

In 1904 the British Marconi Co. instructed its ship radio stations to substitute "C D" for "C Q." Subsequently, the "D" was inserted in the old "C Q call. At the 1906 International Radio Conference at Berlin, however, "S O S" was formally adopted. This combination was the outgrowth of "SO E" (. -) which had been used by German ships but which was somewhat unsatisfactory because the final dot was easily obliterated by interference.

Even so, "C QD" was so firmly established with some operators that its use was continued for some years thereafter. A notable example was its employment in summoning aid for the steamship Republic in 1909. "C Q D" finally passed from the sea calls when the international radio conferences continued to approve "SOS."

In the World War "SSSS" was adopted by the Allies and was not used by neutrals, and to that extent was not, strictly speaking, an international signal, whereas "S OS" was recognized for the shipping of all nations. In the World War "SSSS" was not used as a call of distress, but a warning to other ships that a submarine was near by or actually threatening the vessel sending out such a call. It was the understanding that even were the ship sinking because of the submarine, the internationally recognized "S O S" would be used to summon aid.

The 1941 Film Daily Year Book, edited by Jack Alicoate, reports approximately 80,000,000 persons attended motion picture theatres weekly in 1940 throughout the United States, and 230,000,000 throughout the world. In the United States the average general admission price, exclusive of taxes, was 24 cents. Capital invested in the film industry is $3,000,000,000, of which $2,097,100,000 is in this country, and the number of persons employed (U. S.), 282,000 divided as follows: Production, 29,000 (weekly payroll, $2.600,000): distribution, 12,500 (annual payroll, $27,560,000); exhibition, 241,000 (annual payroll, $250,000,000).

It is estimated that production costs for the 1940-41 season will reach $150,000,000. During 1940 590 actors held term contracts with major studios, while contract directors numbered 114 and writers 340. The average number of extras given employment daily is 741. Approximately 276 different industries, arts and crafts are involved in the making of a single motion picture, 530 (not including 707 shorts) of which were produced during the 1939-40 season. Seventy per cent of the world movie fare emanates from Hollywood, where the studio investment represents $135,000,000.

The production dollar is divided as follows: cast, 25 per cent; extras, bits and characters, 5 per cent; director, 10 per cent; director assistants, 2

States

Alabama.

Total Theaters

per cent; cameraman and crew, 1.5 per cent; lights, 2 per cent; makeup, hairdressers and supplies, 0.9 per cent; teachers, 0.2 per cent; crew and labor, 1.2 per cent; story preparation, 7 per cent; story costs, 5 per cent; costumes and designers, 2 per cent; sets and art directors, 12.5 per cent; stills and photographs, 0.4 per cent; cutters, 1 per cent; film negative, 1 per cent; tests, 1.2 per cent; insurance, 2 per cent; sound-engineering and negatives, 3.1 per cent: publicity, transportation, research, technical, miscellaneous, 2 per cent; indirect costs, 15 per cent.

Of the world total of 69,153 (1939) motion picture theatres, 19,645 (1940) are in the United States and 35.694 in Europe. In the Far East there are 6,568; Latin America, 5,403; Canada, 1,246; Africa and the Near East, 968. It is estimated that there are but 2,123 theatres not wired for sound in the world. These figures do not include some 30,000 workers' halls in the U. S. S. R., where pictures are shown without admission charges. All theatres in the United States and Canada are wired. In the United States there is one motion picture theatre seat for every 12 inhabitants and one theatre for every 8,000. There are 393 theatres for Negroes.

Below is a list of motion picture theatres in the United States, by States, as of January 1, 1940.

45,466

14

3,854

Arkansas.

California.

Colorado

250

93.717

17

7,677

1,013

13,031

Connecticut

213

187,705

20

11,411

Delaware

36

23,233

2

350

Dist. of Col.

62

53,699

1

1,000

Florida..

309

150,048

33

11,556

Georgia

331

148,617

24

9,901

12.257

1,101

729,072

153

550

294,414

94

25,836

456

268,578

549

601

218,928

51

464

194,380

82

15,150

Maine

206

96,278

50

19,146

Maryland

238

131,489

19

4,798

Massachusetts.

446

434,104

52

29,193

Michigan.

697

458.798

62

22,939

Minnesota.

Missouri.

710

54,628

is necessary that they work fast in superimposing large numbers of layers of laminated wood on each other with glue between. The individual propeller blades must be completed and put in a press before the glue dries.

"It was discovered that when the workmen sang, setting up cadence for their task, each blade would be completed in 20 minutes. When they didn't sing it took 37 minutes."