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Presidential Vote by States, 1936, 1932, 1928

Source: The Official Returns.

POPULAR VOTE FOR PRESIDENT IN 1936 BY STATES

Landon Lemke Thom.

Rep. Union Soc.

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242

Arizona.

86,722

33,433 3,307 317

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New Jersey.

1,083,850

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California..

1,766,836

836,431

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105,838 61,710

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181,267 9,962

1,593

New York..

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616,141 223,283

0

21

Delaware.

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N. Dakota..

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68 Oklahoma.

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0 Oregon.

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7,530

Pa.

2,353,788 1,690,300 67,467 14,375

Indiana.

Iowa.

Kansas.

Kentucky..

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165,233 125,012 19,569

0

1,373 S. Carolina.

113,791

0

2,766

S. Dakota.

160,137

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12,501

632

Tennessee.

327,083

146,516

296

Louisiana..

292,894

36,791

0

0

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685 1,075

Maine..

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231,435

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81,023

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768,613 118,639

5,111 Virginia.

234,980

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8,208 Washington..

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Minnesota.

698,811

350,461 74,296

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4,443
697,891 14,630
63,598 5,549
247,731 12,847]

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2,872 W. Virginia..
329 Wisconsin..
3,454 Wyoming...
1,066

502,582

325,486

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832

802,984 380,828 60,297 10,626 62.624 38,739 1,653

200

0

Totals..27,751,597 16,679,583/882,479|187,720

Browder, Com., 80,150; Colvin, Proh., 37,847; Aiken, Soc. Lab., 12,777. Total vote-45,646,817. Roosevelt vote in N. Y. State includes 274,924 cast by the American Labor Party.

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109,479 71,312 1,882,304 1,432,756 67,258 N. J.. 862,054 677,184 21,388 N. M. 598,019 414,433 20,467 N. Y.. 424,204 349,498 18,276 N. C.. 580,574 394,716 3,853 N. D.. 249,418 18,853 ...... Ohio.. 1,301,695 1,227,679 64,094 Totals 22,821,857,15,761,841 884,781 Me.. 128,907 166,631 2,489 Okla. 516,468 188,165] ..

Reynolds, Soc. Lab.. 33,275; Foster, Com., 102,991; Upshaw, Proh., 81,869; Harvey, Liberty, 53,425; Coxey, Farm-Labor, 7,309. Total vote-39,816,522.

103,629 947 Va..

203,979

89,637 2,382

806,630 775,684 42,998 Wash.
95,089, 54,217 1,776 W. Va.

353,260

208,645

17,080

405,124

330,731 5,133

2,534,959 1,937,963 177,397 Wis...
497,566 208,344 5,591 Wyo...
178,350 71,772

707,410

53,379

54,370

3,521

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Reynolds. Soc. Lab., 21,603; Varney, Proh., 20,106; Webb, Farm-Labor, 6,390 Total vote-36,879,414. For the presidential official vote by States, 1924 back to 1884. see the World Almanac for 1940 or preceding years.

ADMINISTRATION ACTIVITIES

Social Security Board

SOCIAL SECURITY BOARD-Arthur J. Altmeyer, chairman: George E. Bigge, Ellen S. Woodward. Address, Washington, D. C. Regional offices are maintained in Boston, Mass.; New York, N. Y.; Philadelphia, Pa.; Washington, D. C.; Cleveland, O.; Chicago, Ill.; Birmingham, Ala.; Minneapolis, Minn.; Kansas City, Mo.; San Antonio, Tex.; Denver, Col.; and San Francisco, Cal.

The Social Security Act, signed by the President on Aug. 14, 1935, includes 10 separate programs. It established a system of old age insurance and provided for Federal cooperation in State plans for unemployment compensation and public assistance to the needy aged, the needy blind, and dependent children. It also extended Federal aid available to the States for four health and welfare services and for vocational rehabilitation. In August, 1939, amendments to the Act were passed by Congress which materially liberalized the old-age insurance system so as to give increased protection for insured workers and provide protection for workers' families. At the same time the name of the system was changed to "Old-Age and Survivors

The amendments of 1939 also Insurance." strengthened all the other programs. The Social Security Board administers old-age and survivors insurance and the Federal features of the programs for unemployment compensation and public assistance. Federal aspects of the other programs are administered by other Federal agencies.

The President's first Reorganization Plan authorized the integration of the United States Employment Service formerly with the Department of Labor with the administration of unemployment compensation under the Social Security Board in July, 1939. A new Bureau of Employment Security was established to coordinate the administration of employment service and unemployment compensation functions.

OLD-AGE AND SURVIVORS INSURANCE

The Social Security Act provides only one program which is entirely administered by the Federal Government-the system of old-age and survivors insurance. As amended in 1939 this program provides monthly benefits, beginning Jan. 1, 1940, for retired employees insured under the system and for the dependents and survivors of such employees. Benefits are based on wages received by employees in what may be broadly termed industry and commerce. Certain types of employment were excepted. These are: agricultural labor; domestic service: casual labor not in the course of the employers' trade or business; service on foreign vessels and certain small fishing vessels; service for Federal, State and local governments and certain of their instrumentalities; employment by religious, charitable, educational, and scientific organizations not organized or conducted for profit; service for a foreign government or its instrumentalities; certain part-time or itinerant employment providing only nominal wages such as services for fraternal and beneficiary associations and for schools and colleges by regular students; family employment; and service by newspaper boys under 18. Railroad employment is excepted because it is covered by a separate system for railroad workers.

The amount of monthly benefits are determined on the basis of the worker's average monthly wage. The formula for computing monthly benefits is 40 per cent of the first $50 of average monthly wage, plus 10 per cent of the next $200, with an added i per cent of the amount thus obtained for each year in which the worker earned $200 or more in covered employment.

The employee's average monthly wage is obtained by dividing his total accumulated wages TABLE I-ILLUSTRATIVE MONTHLY

Single Married?
Marri

(exclusive of amounts in excess of $3,000 received in one year) by the number of months he could have worked under the system-that is, the number of months between 1936 (or his 22nd birthday, if later) and the quarter in which he becomes eligible for benefits or dies.

An insured employee becomes eligible for benefits if he is 65 or more years of age, is fully insured, and files a claim for benefits. A worker is fully insured for life when he has received as much as $50 in covered employment in each of 40 calendar quarters; or if he has received $50 in each of enough calendar quarters to equal half the quarters elapsing between Dec. 31, 1936 (or his attainment of age 21, if later) and the quarter in which he dies or attains age 65, but in not fewer than 6 calendar quarters. Such quarters of coverage count toward benefits even if they occur before the worker is 21 years old or after he is 65, but they must be subsequent to 1936. Wages earned between Jan. 1, 1937 and Jan. 1, 1939, by a person past 65 years of age do not count toward benefits, since the inclusion of wages received after age 65 did not become effective until Jan. 1, 1939.

When an insured worker is eligible for monthly benefits, supplementary benefits are provided for a wife 65 years of age or over and for unmarried dependent children under 16 years of age, or under 18 if regularly attending school. The supplementary benefit for each is one-half the worker's benefit. Table I illustrates monthly benefits payable under varying conditions relating to average monthly wage, years of coverage and number of dependents. Monthly benefits will not be paid to the annuitant (or suplementary benefits for his dependents) for any month in which he earns $15 or more in covered employment. OLD-AGE INSURANCE BENEFITS1 Years of coverage

Single Married2
Marri
Av. monthly wage
of $250

Years of coverage

Av. monthly wage

of $50

Single Married Av. monthly wage of $100

Single Married? Av. monthly wage of $150

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It is assumed that an individual earns at least $200 in each year of coverage in order to be eligible to receive the 1 per cent increment. If this were not the case, the benefit would be somewhat lower. 2Benefits for a married couple without children where wife is eligible for a supplement.

When a fully insured individual dies, survivors' monthly benefits are provided in the following amounts: three-fourths of the worker's benefit rate for a widow 65 or over, or for a widow with dependent children in her care; one-half of the worker's benefit rate for each unmarried dependent child under 18 years of age; one-half of the worker's benefit rate for each dependent parent if there is no widow or dependent child.

Monthly survivors' benefits are also provided for any minor children and for a widow with such children in her care, if an insured wage earner has received $50 or more a quarter for at least six calendar quarters during the three years prior to

his death even thought he may not have been fully insured.

The minimum monthly benefit payable in the case of any insured individual is $10. The maximum both for the individual worker and the family varies where supplementary benefits are payable, but in no case can exceed $85.00.

If there is no survivor entitled to monthly benefits at the time of the worker's death, a death payment, equal to six times the worker's monthly. benefit rate, may be paid to certain relatives; or the individual paying the funeral expenses may be reimbursed for them up to this amount.

Table II, on the following page, illustrates the monthly survivors' benefits payable.

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It is assumed that an individual earns at least $200 in each year of coverage. If this were not the case, the benefit would be somewhat lower.

Benefits under the old age and survivors insurance system are financed by equal taxes on the employer and the employee. They are based on the employee's wages (exclusive of amounts in excess of $3,000 received in any one year). The rates for both the employer and the employee are 1 per cent of the employee's wages until 1943 when the rate is increased one per cent for each. It will be increased an additional one-half per cent each three years thereafter until the maximum of 3 percent for the employer and 3 per cent for the employee is reached in 1949.

The Act as amended in 1939 establishes a Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund in the Federal Treasury to be supervised by a board of trustees consisting of the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Labor and the Chair

man of the Social Security Board. All funds collected from the old-age and survivors insurance taxes are appropriated to this trust fund.

Administration of old-age and survivors insurance necessitates maintaining a continuous wage record, under a separate account number, for each employee until he is eligible for benefits, in order to determine his average monthly wage received in covered employment. Every three months employers report the amount of each employee's wages, with his name and account number, to the Bureau of Internal Revenue, when they pay the employer's and employee's taxes. The Bureau forwards these reports to the Social Security Board where each employee's wages are recorded to his account Wage record accounts had been estabHished for approximately 56,000,000 persons by the end of the 1941 fiscal year.

EMPLOYMENT SECURITY

The employment security program for which the Social Security Board is the Federal administrative agency combines the two functions of placement of workers through the public employment service and the payment of unemployment compensation benefits to unemployed workers qualified under their State unemployment compensation laws.

The Social Security Act provides for Federal cooperation in the establishment and mantenance of State unemployment compensation systems. This cooperation is manifested in two ways: provision is made for grants to the States to cover the cost of administering State laws; and employers are allowed credit for their contributions to a State unemployment fund against the Federal unemployment tax.

The Federal unemployment tax is an excise tax levied on the payroll of employers with eight or more employees. It amounts to 3 percent of wages paid (exclusive of amounts in excess of $3,000 paid to one employee in one year). Wages paid for certain types of employment are exempted from this tax. The exceptions include: agricultural labor; domestic service; casual labor not in the course of the employer's trade or business; services on both American and foreign vessels; service in the employ of a foreign government or its instrumentalities: employment for Federal, State and local governments and certain of their instrumentalities; family employment; service by insurance agents; service by newsboys under 18: certain part-time itinerant employment providing only nominal wages such as service for fraternal, and beneficiary associations and for schools and colleges by regular students; and services for certain charitable, religious, educational and scientific organizations not organized or conducted for profit.

Employers subject to the Federal unemployment tax are allowed credit (up to 90 per cent of the amount of the tax) for their contributions to State unemployment funds.

The establishment and administration of State unemployment compensation systems is wholly within the province of the State. The Social Security Act merely sets certain minimum standards which the State law must meet if the State is to receive Federal cooperation. By July 31, 1937. all States and Territories had enacted unemployment insurance laws and qualified for Federal cooperation. As of June 30, 1941, more than 32.-1 000,000 employees had wage credits under state systems. By July. 1939. unemployment benefits were payable in every State.

Total unemployment benefits paid out by States since the program first started amounted to $1,540.346.539 by June, 1941. The employment service was established by the Wagner-Peyser Act of 1933 and provides for Federal cooperation in the establishment and maintenance of State employment services; the Federal Government paying part of the administrative costs of the State agency.

The employment service is not restricted to employers and employees covered by unemployment compensation. Its facilities are available to all employers and employees in the State. All States and Territories now have employment service and are receiving Federal cooperation under the terms of the Wagner-Peyser Act. By June, 1941, more than 1,500 full-time public employment offices had been established in cities and towns throughout the country. In addition there were more than 3.000 part-time and itinerant offices serving workers in less populous areas.

PUBLIC ASSISTANCE

The Social Security Act makes provision for granting Federal funds to the States to aid them in giving financial assistance to three groups of needy persons--the needy aged, the needy blind and dependent children. The Federal grant in each case is based on the amount the State spends for its program up to a maximum assistance payment per individual. The amendments of 1939 increased the maximum for Federal contributions.

The States adopt and administer their own public assistance plans. Each State plan is submitted to the Social Security Board, and if found to meet certain standards set forth in the Federal act it is approved by the Board, and the State becomes eligible for Federal grants. Standards for State plans specified by the Federal act are designated to assure efficient administration and equitable distribution of assistance.

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United States Grants to States for Public Assistance

Source: Advances for the fiscal year 1940-41 certified to the Secretary of the Treasury by the Social Security Board

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Public Relief Expenditures-Jan., 1933 - Dec., 1940

Source: Social Security Board, Bureau of Research and Statistics

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