1940 (President)--Babson, Proh., 925; Thomas, Soc., 728; Browder, Com., 212. 1940 (U. S. Senator)-Connally, Dem., 978,095; Shannon, Rep., 59,340; Brooks, Com., 408. 1938 (Governor)-O'Daniel, Dem., 473,526; Boynton, Rep., 10,940; Miller, Soc., 398; Brooks,, Com., 424, 1936 (President)-Lemke, Union, 3,281; Thomas, Soc., 1,075; Browder, Com., 253; Colvin, Proh., 514. 1936 (U. S. Senator)-Sheppard, Dem., 774,975; Watson, Rep., 59,491; Gertrude Wilson, Ind., 1,836; Starr, Ind., 958. 1932 (President)-Thomas, Soc., 4,450; Foster, Com., 207; Jackson Party, 104; Liberty Party, 324. PAST VOTE OF TEXAS 1872 (Pres.), Grant, Rep., 47,406; Greeley, Dem. and Lib., 66,500. 1876 (Pres.), Tilden, Dem., 104,755; Hayes, Rep., 1880 (Pres.), Hancock, Dem., 156,428: Garfield, 1888 (Pres.), Cleveland, Dem., 234.883; Harrison, 1904 (Pres.), Parker, Dem.. 167,200; Roosevelt. 1908 (Pres.), Bryan, Dem., 217,302; Taft, Rep., 65,666; Chafin, Proh., 1,634; Debs, Soc., 7,870. 1912 (Pres.), Wilson, Dem., 219,489; Taft, Rep.. 26,745; Roosevelt, Prog., 28,530; Debs. Soc.. 24,896. 1916 (Pres.). Wilson, Dem., 286,514; Hughes, Rep.. 1924 (Pres.), Davis, Dem.. 484,605; Coolidge, Proportional Representation and How It Works Proportional representation is the method used in an election by which the votes are so counted that each party has representation in the elective body in proportion to its strength. The voter finds on the P. R. ballot handed to him party or group designations after the names of those candidates who are officially supported by the parties or groups. Emblems are barred, but opposite each name is a small square. Instead of marking a cross in the square the voter marks the ballot with the figures 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., in the order of his preference for the candidates. If Candidate A is the voter's first choice, the numeral 1 is written in the square opposite Candidate A. If Candidate B ranks second, 2 goes in the square opposite his name. The voter distributes the figures 3. 4. 5. 6, etc., opposite the names of the candidates as The voter does not they rank in his preference. 1940 (President)-Thomas, Soc., 200; Browder, Com., 191. 1896 (Pres.), Bryan, Dem. and People's, 64,607; 1908 (Pres.), Bryan, Dem.. 42,601; Taft, Rep., 1912 (Pres.). Wilson, Dem., 36,579; Taft, Rep.. 42,100; Roosevelt, Prog.. 28.174; Soc., 9,023. 1916 (Pres.), Wilson, Dem., 84,025; Hughes, Rep., 1928 (Pres.), Hoover, Rep.. 94,618; Smith, Dem.. 1940 (President)-Browder, Com., 411. 1940 (U. S. Senator)-Austin, Rep.. 93,283; Searles, Dem., 47,101. For the unexpired term ending Jan. 3, 1945: Aiken, Rep., 87,150; Comings, Dem., 54,263. 1940 (Governor)-Wills, Rep., 87,346; McGrath, Dem., 49,068. PAST VOTE OF VERMONT 1872 (Pres.), Greeley, Dem. and Lib. 10,927: Grant, Rep.: 41,481; O'Conor, Lab. Ref.. 593; 1876 (Pres.), Tilden, Dem., 20.350; Hayes. Rep., 44.428. 1880 (Pres.), Hancock, Dem.. 19,316; Garfield, 1888 (Pres.), Cleveland, Dem., 16,785; Harrison. 1892 (Pres.), Cleveland, Dem., 16,325; Harrison. 1896 (Pres.), Bryan, Dem., 10,607; Palmer, Dem.. McKinley. 1904 (Pres.), Parker, Dem., 9,777; Roosevelt, Rep., 40,459; Swallow. Proh., 792; Debs, Soc., 859 1908 (Pres.), Bryan, Dem., 11,496; Taft. Rep.. 39,552; Claflin, Proh.. 802. 1912 (Pres.), Wilson, Dem., 15,334; Taft, Rep.. 23.332; Roosevelt, Prog., 22,132; Debs, Soc., 928. 1916 (Pres.). Wilson, Dem.. 22,739 Hughes, Rep., 40.295; Hanly, Proh., 715; Debs, Soc., 801. 1920 (Pres.), Cox, Dem., 20.919; Harding. Rep.. 68.212; Watkins. Proh.. 774. 1924 (Pres.), Coolidge, Rep., 80,498; Davis, Dem.. 16,124; LaFollette, Prog., 5,964; Faris, Proh.. 326. 1928 (Pres.), Hoover, Rep., 90.404; Smith, Dem.. 44.440: Varney. Proh.. 338. 1932 (Pres.), Roosevelt, Dem., 56,266; Hoover, Rep., 78,984; Thomas, Soc., 1,533; Foster, Com.. 195. Congressional Apportionment Source: United States Bureau of the Census; based on 1940 population Roos.. L'ndon, Counties Roos., Willkie, Roos., Landon, Dem. Rep. Dem. Rep. Dem. Rep. 1940 (President)-Babson, Proh., 882; Thomas, Soc., 282; Aiken, Soc. Lab., 48; Browder, Com., 71. 1940 (U. S. Senator)-Byrd, Dem., 274,260; Bernstein, Ind., 11,159; Burke, Ind., 8,250. 1936 (President)-Thomas, Soc., 313; Lemke, Union, 233; Colvin, Proh., 594; Browder, Com., 98. PAST VOTE OF VIRGINIA 1872 (Pres.), Greeley, Dem. and Lib., 91,654; Grant, Rep., 93,468; O'Connor, Lab. Ref., 42. 1876 (Pres.), Tilden, Dem., 139,670; Hayes, Rep., 95,558. 1880 (Pres.), Hancock, Dem., 128.568: Garfield, Rep., 84,020. Of the Hancock votes, 96,912 were cast by the Regulars, and 31,674 by the Readjusters. 1884 (Pres.). Cleveland, Dem., 145.497: Blaine, Rep., 139,356; St. John. Proh., 138. 1888 (Pres.), Cleveland, Dem., 151,979; Harrison, Rep., 150,449; Fisk, Proh., 1,682. 1892 (Pres.). Cleveland, Dem.. 163,977: Harrison, Rep., 113.256; Weaver, People's, 12,275; Bidwell, Proh., 2,798. 1896 (Pres.), Bryan, Dem. and People's (Populist), 154.985; Palmer, Nat'l (Gold) Dem., 2.127; McKinley, Rep., 135,388; Levering, Proh, 2.344. 1900 (Pres.). Bryan, Dem., 146.080: McKinley, Rep., 115,865; Woolley, Proh., 2,150; Debs, Soc., 145. 1904 (Pres.), Parker, Dem., 86.548; Roosevelt, Rep., 47,880, Swallow, Proh., 1,383; Debs, Soc., 56. 1908 (Pres.), Bryan, Dem., 82,946; Taft, Rep.. 52,573; Chafin, Proh., 1,111; Debs, Soc., 255. 1912 (Pres.), Wilson, Dem., 90,332; Taft, Rep., 23,288: Roosevelt, Prog., 21,777; Debs, Soc., 820. 1916 (Pres.), Wilson, Dem., 102,824; Hughes, Rep., 49,356; Hanly, Proh., 783; Benson, Soc., 1,060. 1920 (Pres.), Cox, Dem., 141,670; Harding. Rep., 87,456; Watkins, Proh., 826: Debs, Soc., 807; Christensen, Farm.-Lab.. 240. 1924 (Pres.), Davis, Dem., 139,797: Coolidge, Rep., 73,359; LaFollette, Progs., 10,379; Johns, Soc.-Lab.. 191. 1928 (Pres.), Hoover, Rep., 164,609; Smith, Dem., 140,146: Thomas, Soc., 250; Reynolds, Soc. Lab.. 180; Foster, Com.. 173. 1932 (Pres.), Roosevelt, Dem., 203,979; Hoover, Rep., 89.637; Thomas, Soc., 2,382; Upshaw. Proh.. 1,843; Foster. Com., 86; Cox, Ind., 15. 1940 (President)-Thomas, Soc., 4,586; Aiken, Soc. Lab., 667; Browder, Com., 2,626; Babson, Proh., 1,686. 1940 (U. S. Senator)-Wallgren, Dem., 404,718; Chadwick, Rep., 342,589. 1940 (Governor)-Langlie, Rep., 392,522; Dill, Dem., 386,706; Brockway, Com., 1,674; Ater, Soc. Lab., 426. 1938 (U. S. Senator)-Bone, Dem., 371,535; Colvin, Rep., 220,204; Solie, Soc. Lab., 1,553. 1936 (President)-Lemke, Union, 17,463; Thomas, Soc., 3,496; Browder, Com., 1,907; Colvin, Proh.. 1,041; Aiken, Soc. Lab., 362; Pellsy, Christian, 1,598. PAST VOTE OF WASHINGTON 1892 (Pres.), Cleveland, Dem., 29,844; Harrison. Rep. 36,460; Weaver, People's, 19,105; Bidwell, Proh.. 2,553. 1896 (Pres.), McKinley, Rep., 39,153; Bryan, Dem. and People's, 51.646: Palmer, Nat. Dem., 1,668; Levering, Proh., 1,116. 1900 (Pres.), Bryan, Dem., 44,833; McKinley, Rep., 57,456; Woolley, Proh., 2,363; Debs, Soc., 2,006. 1904 (Pres.), Parker, Dem., 28,098; Roosevelt, Rep., 101,540; Swallow, Proh., 3,329; Debs, Soc., 10,023. 1908 (Pres.), Bryan, Dem., 58,691; Taft, Rep., 106,062; Chafin, Proh., 4,700; Debs, Soc., 14,177. 1912 (Pres.), Wilson, Dem., 86,840; Taft, Rep., 70,445; Roosevelt, Prog., 113,698; Debs. Soc., 40,134. 1916 (Pres.), Wilson, Dem., 183,388; Hughes, Rep., 167,244; Hanly, Proh., 6,868; Benson, Soc., 22,800. 1920 (Pres.), Cox, Dem., 84,298; Harding, Rep., 223,137; Watkins, Proh., 3,790; Debs, Soc., 8,913: 1924 (Pres.), Coolidge, Rep., 220,224: LaFollette. Christensen, Farm-Lab., 77,246. Progs., 150,727; Davis, Dem., 42,842; Nations. Amer., 5,991; Johns, Soc-Lab., 1,004; Foster, Workers, 761. 1928 (Pres.), Hoover, Rep., 335,884; Smith, Dem.. 156,772; Thomas. Soc., 2,614; Reynolds, Soc. Lab., 4,068; Foster, Com., 1,541. 1932 (Pres.), Roosevelt, Dem., 353,260; Hoover, Rep., 208,645; Harvey, Lib., 30,308; Thomas, Soc., 17,080; Foster, Com., 2,972; Upshaw, Proh., 1,540; Reynolds, Soc. Lab., 1,009. In 1852 Washington was organized as a separate territory and in 1872 the last dispute over its northern boundary line, known as the "fifty-four-forty or fight" controversy, which started back in 1859 (precipitated by the death of a British pig in the potato patch of an American settler on the island of San Juan), was amicably decided in favor of Uncle Sam through the arbitration of the German emperor. During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries the region was explored by Capt. Robert Gray, Capt. George Vancouver, Lewis and Clark, and others. Its settlement by the whites dates from 1811, when David Thompson established for the North West Fur Company a post on the Spokane River near the present city of Spokane, and members of Astor's fur company built a post on the Okanogan River; seven years later Fort Walla Walla was erected on the present site of Wallula. On November 11, 1889, Washington, the northwest corner of the Union, named after its first president, was admitted to statehood and Elisha P. Ferry was elected the first governor. The voters of Seattle (March 8, 1938) elected Arthur B. Langlie Mayor over Lieut. Gov. Victor A. Myers. Langlie ran as the "good-government" candidate and Mr. Myers was backed by the Committee for Industrial Organization. All the left wing nominees went down to crushing defeat in the election and proposals for the expenditure of additional public funds were rejected overwhelmingly. Seattle newspapers hailed the election as a triumph for the better element in the city and said that the result meant an end of the factional strife for control of the city government and would re-establish government for all the people of the city. Gingko Petrified Forest in Washington Gardens of the bygone, set with colossal trees. | lost their tropic verdure in the onrush of lava, leaving only the skeletons of those giant trees, imbedded in crumbling lava rock and soil in the hills near the Columbia River. Some ten to thirty million years ago those mammoth trees were swept along in a Columbia Basin lava flow, stifling them in its molten mass. Ten additional flows of lava, laid upon the skeleton of that ancient forest, have since been eroded away by wind, rain, and river action. Now close to the surface are marvelous opal logs, showing the exact structure of the wood, rings and grain, cast in a medium more beautiful than agate. The climate in which this far-distant garden flourished must have been similar to the present Inland Empire's temperature, but damp, because the Cascades had not yet been thrown up to catch the Pacific rain-clouds with their spurs. As a result the trees were of a type found now in the Great Lakes district of this country, plus many Asiatic and semi-tropical varieties. The Gingko for which the forest is named, is an Oriental tree, a silver apricot, growing until the last century only in the sacred gardens of China. It is now used in Japan and in this country for of petrified Gingko are found in this forest. 28 ornamental purposes. The only known specimens miles east of Ellensburg on the main highway near the Vantage bridge over the Columbia River. About 100 logs have been uncovered here. Besides las firs. Maple has been found three feet through, the Gingko, there are three- and four-foot Dougand among the spruce and three kinds of elm are logs nearly two feet in diameter. Others unearthed include bay, locust, oak, sweet gum, birch, and blue beach. Foot mass, solidified into hard red stone, is found near the Douglas fir in some cases. Half a dozen specimens of hardwoods have not been identified with any present-day species or with any known extinct species. 1940 (U. S. Senator)-Kilgore, Dem., 492,413; Sweeney, Rep., 381,806. 1940 (Governor)-Neely, Dem., 496,028; Dawson, Rep., 383,698. 1936 (President)-Thomas, Soc., 832; Colvin., Proh., 1,173. 1936 (U. S. Senator)-Neely, Dem., 488,720; Schott, Rep., 338,363; MacDonald, Proh., 1,005; Snider, Soc., 935. PAST VOTE OF WEST VIRGINIA 1872 (Pres.), Greeley, Dem. and Lib.. 29,533; Grant, Rep., 32,323. 1876 (Pres.), Tilden, Dem., 55,584; Hayes, Rep., 41,392. 1880 (Pres.), Hancock, Dem., 57,391; Garfield, Rep., 46,243; Weaver, Greenback, 9,079. 1884 (Pres.), Cleveland. Dem., 67.331; Blaine. Rep., 63,913; St. John, Proh.. 939: Butler. Greenback, 810. 1888 (Pres.), Cleveland, Dem.. 78,677; Harrison, Rep., 78,171; Fisk, Proh., 1,085; Streeter, United Labor, 1,508. 1892 (Pres.). Cleveland, Dem., 84,467; Harrison, Rep., 80,293; Weaver, People's, 4,166; Bidwell. Proh.. 2,145. 1896 (Pres.), Bryan, Dem. and People's (Populist), 94,488; Palmer, Nat'l (Gold) Dem., 678; McKinley, Rep.. 105,379; Levering, Proh., 1,223. 1900 (Pres.), Bryan, Dem., 98.807: McKinley, Rep., 119,829; Wooley, Proh., 1.692; Debs. Soc.. 219. 1904 (Pres.), Parker, Dem., 100,881; Roosevelt, In 1669-70 Governor Norborne Berkeley, of Virginia, who was heavily interested in the fur trade, sent John Lederer on three expeditions westward of the mountains. He claimed to have seen the mountains that now form the boundary between Virginia and West Virginia. Major-General Wood, in 1670, was commissioned "for the finding out the ebbing and flowing of the waters on the other side of the mountains." In this quest Captain Thomas Batts and four men discovered the New River and penetrated as far as the falls of the Great Kanawha by September 16, 1671. Gabriel Arthur subsequently penetrated to the Indian village of Moneton along the lower Great Kanawha valley. In 1716, Governor Spottswood led a party of thirty cavaliers, who may have penetrated to the region of Pendleton County. Out of this expedition grew the "Knights of the Golden Horseshoe." By 1725, John Van Meter, from New York, is found exploring the valley of the South Branch of the Potomac. His accounts carried to the east led to an influx of settlers who mingled with others from Pennsylvania. In 1726, Morgan Morgan erected his home on the site of Bunker Hill, Berkeley County, and became the first recorded settler in present West Virginia. The next year a settlement sprang up at the Packhorse Ford, now Shepherdstown. By 1730 there were settlers in the lower Potomac Valley. In 1732 Joist Hite came with Rep., 132,628; Soc., 1,574. Swallow, Proh., 4,604; Debs, 1908 (Pres.), Bryan, Dem., 111,418; Taft, Rep.. 137.869; Chafin, Proh.. 5,139; Debs. Soc., 3,679. 1912 (Pres.), Wilson, Dem., 113,046; Taft, Rep., 56,667: Roosevelt, Prog., 78,977; Debs, Soc.. 15,336. 1916 (Pres.), Wilson, Dem., 140,403; Hughes, Rep.. 143,124; Hanly, Proh., 175; Benson, Soc., 6,150. 1920 (Pres.), Cox, Dem., 220,789; Harding, Rep.. 282.007; Watkins, Proh., 1,528; Debs, Soc., 5,618. 1924 (Pres.). Coolidge, Rep., 288,635; Davis, Dem.. 257,232; LaFollette, Progs., 36,723; Nations. Amer., 1,072. 1928 (Pres.), Hoover, Rep., 375,551; Smith. Dem.. 263,748; Thomas, Soc., 1,313; Varney, Proh.. 1703: Foster, Com., 401. 1932 (Pres.), Roosevelt, Dem., 405,124; Hoover. Rep., 330,731; Thomas, Soc., 5,133; Upshaw. Proh., 2,342; Foster, Com., 444. several contemporaries and by 1735 settlers were along the South Fork of the Potomac. All of this region was a part of the land embraced in the "Northern Neck" grant to Lord Fairfax, whose surveyors in 1746 planted the celebrated Fairfax stone at the head of the North Branch of the Potomac to mark the western limits. In 1768, following the retreat of the French from the Ohio regions, the Six Nations sold the land to the English. Other Indian tribes claimed the country, but within historic times no Indians occupied West Virginia. Numerous evidences of previous occupancy of the Indians and of the Mound Builders, an earlier race, are to be found all over the State, but more especially along the Ohio River. The encroachment of the whites, and the settlement of this region, led to conflicts that lasted many years. Dunmore's War, in 1774, was marked by the battle of Point Pleasant, October 10, between troops under General Andrew Lewis, and Indians under Chief Cornstalk. This was really the forerunner of the Revolution. With the opening of the American Revolution, troops from along the Potomac were among the first to reach Washington at Boston. A considerable number of citizens from western Virginia were in all major engagements from Boston to Yorktown. Others followed George Rogers Clark in his conquest of the west from the British and Indian allies. |
