The National Gallery of Art, situated on the area bounded by Seventh Street, Constitution Avenue, Fourth Street, and Madison Drive on the Mall in Washington, D. C., was established by the Act of Congress of March 24, 1937. The National Gallery is a bureau of the Smithsonian Institution.

The building, costing about $15,000,000, was erected with funds given by the late Andrew W. Mellon. It was completed under the direction of Paul Mellon, Donald D. Shepard, and David K. E. Bruce, Trustees of The A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust. The architect for the build

ing was the late John Russell Pope. Following his death in 1937, his associates, Otto R. Eggers and Daniel P. Higgins of New York, carried the work to completion.

The building is one of the largest marble structures in the world, 785 feet in length and built in a dignified and simple classical style. The exterior walls are of rose-white marble. The Gallery contains over 500,000 square feet of floor space. Of this approximately 238,000 square feet are for exhibition purposes. At the time of its inauguration by the President of the United States on March 17, 1941. only about half of the space available for exhibition was opened to the public. The remainder has been left for development as expanding collections in the future may require.

The central architectural feature of the Gallery is the rotunda, vaulted with a coffered dome supported by 24 columns of dark green marble. The diameter of the rotunda and the height of the dome from the marble floor both measure 100 feet. Flanking the rotunda on either side are two long galleries for larger pieces of sculpture. At the end of each of these galleries is a garden court, with a colonnade of 16 monoliths of Indiana limestone. In the center of each court has been installed a 17th Century fountain from the Park of Versailles. Exhibits of plants and flowers are rotated during the year. At the time of the opening of the Gallery, the exhibit of flowers was devoted to a collection of acacias given by Mr. Joseph E. Widener of Philadelphia.

From the two large sculpture galleries, open smaller and more intimate rooms in which are shown paintings and smaller pieces of sculpture. The lighting of these galleries is from above. Special glass filters an abundance of clear, diffused light into the exhibition galleries. Natural light is supplemented by artificial light on dark days.

The style of the exhibition galleries is varied according to the type or school of art shown. Plaster walls with travertine trim are used for the early Italian rooms. Damask wall coverings with travertine trim are used for the later Italian paintings. Later Flemish and Dutch masters are shown against oak panelling. Eighteenth Century French, English, and American paintings are shown against wood panelling painted in colors ranging from light ash green to white. Galleries already inished and ready to receive at some time in the future 19th and early 20th Century paintings have walls hung with denicron cloth with wood trim painted light gray.

On the ground floor, galleries have been opened to the public for the purpose of showing a supplementary collection of paintings. In addition, a large gallery has been prepared for showing prints. drawings, and temporary exhibitions of paintings. Likewise on the ground floor, have been installed for the benefit of the public a smoking room, an auditorium for lectures, and a cafeteria. There is

Paintings

also to be an art reference library on the ground floor. The equipment of the Gallery is of the latest and most modern type, and the entire building is air conditioned.

Collections

The principal collections of art comprise over 500 paintings and pieces of sculpture. In addition to collection consisting of 126 paintings and 24 pieces providing the building, Mr. Mellon also gave his of sculpture, the latter largely from the Dreyfus Collection. These paintings cover the various European schools from the 13th Century to the 18th, and include such masterpieces as Raphael's "Alba Madonna," "The Niccolini-Cowper Madonna," and "Saint George and the Dragon"; Van Eyck's "Annunciation": Botticelli's "Adoration of the Magi"; nine Rembrandts, and three Vermeers. Twenty-one paintings in the Mellon Collection came from the famous Hermitage Gallery in Leningrad.

In giving the building and his collection for the National Gallery, Mr. Mellon expressed the hope that others would contribute works of art of a similar standard of quality for the benefit of the public and as a lasting contribution to the cultural advancement of the Nation.

The first great collection to come to the Gallery since Mr. Mellon's death, was that of Mr. Samuel H. Kress of New York. This collection of Italian art, one of the most complete ever amassed by a single individual, contains 375 paintings and 18 pieces of sculpture. Included in the Kress Collection are such masterpieces as "The Calling of Peter and Andrew" from Duccio's "Maesta": Giotto's "Madonna, formerly in the Goldman Collection; and Giorgione's "Adoration of the Shepherds," from the collection of Viscount Allendale.

Works of virtually all the important Italian painters from the 13th to the 18th Centuries, and a varied representation of Italian Renaissance sculptors are included. In addition, Mr. Kress has placed on loan to the National Gallery a number of fine paintings and several outstanding pieces of Italian and French sculpture.

In 1940, the Trustees of the Gallery acquired from The A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust eleven early American portraits including a Vaughan-type portrait of Washington by Gilbert Stuart, and "The Washington Family" by Edward Savage. This gift was followed by a loan of several portraits of the same period. A group of early American portraits has also been lent to the National Gallery from the well-known Chester Dale Collection of New York. The permanent collection of paintings and sculpture has also been supplemented by a gift of prints from Miss Ellen T. Bullard and three anonymous donors. The print collection which covers the most important periods of print-making contains examples of fine impressions from Pollaiuolo to Turner.

The Widener Collection, Elkins Park, Philadelphia, is expected to become a part of the permanent collection at a date not yet announced. The collection is one of the finest and best known in the United States.

Space does not permit a complete listing of the works of art now in the National Gallery. It is. nevertheless, possible to suggest the richness of the permanent collection by a brief enumeration of some of the more important painters whose works are now on exhibition:

American School-Copley, Savage, Stuart, Trumbull, West.

British School-Constable, Gainsborough, Lawrence. Raeburn, Reynolds, Romney. Turner.

Dutch School-Cuyp. Frans Hals, Hobbema. Maes, Mor, Metsu, Rembrandt, Terborch, Vermeer. Flemish School-David, van Eyck, Memling. Rubens, Van Dyck, van der Weyden.

French School-Chardin, Lancret.
German School-Durer, Holbein the Younger.

Italian School-Fra Angelico, Antonello da Messina, Giovanni Bellini, Botticelli, Cimabue, Duccio. Filippino Lippi, Masaccio, Masolino, Perugino, Raphael, Titian, Veronese.

Spanish Schools-Goya, El Greco, Velazquez.
Sculpture

French School-Clodion, Legros.
Italian Schools--Agostino di Duccio, Amadeo,
Desiderio da Settignano, Donatello, Giovanni
Bologna, Laurana, Mino da Fiesole, Andrea della
Robbia, Antonio Rossellino, Jacopo Sansovino,
Verrocchio.

Painting-Fra Angelico, Andrea del Sarto, Baldovinetti, Bartolommeo Veneto, Giovanni and Jacopo Bellini, Bordone, Botticelli, Canaletto, Carpaccio, Catena, Cima, Correggio, Cossa, Crivelli, Daddi, Domenico Veneziano, Duccio, Gentile da Fabriano, Giorgione, Giotto, Giovanni di Paolo, Guardi. Filippino and Filippo Lippi, Pietro Longhi, Pietro Lorenzetti, Lotto, Luini, Magnasco. Mantegna, Masolino, Moroni, Panini. Perguino, Piero di Cosimo, Pintoricchio, Pontormo, Raphael, Roberti,

items.

NATIONAL GALLERY Among the artists represented are: Altdorfer, Baldung. Blake, Jacopo de' Barbari. Brueghel, Canaletto, Dürer, Duvet, Goya, Ingres. Lucas van Leyden, Manitegna, Meryon, Nanteuil. Piranesi, Raimondi, Rembrandt, Schongauer, Turner, Whistler.

Gallery Free to the Public

The National Gallery of Art is open to the public every day in the year except Christmas Day and New Year's Day from 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on weekdays, and from 2:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. on Sundays. There is no charge for admission. Copying is permitted upon application for permission during the hours the Gallery is open, except on

OF ART (Continued)

Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays. Arrangements may be made for the members of the guide and docent staff to conduct the public and school classes through the building without charge.

Board of Trustees and executive officers of the National Gallery of Art-Ex Officio: The Chief Justice of the United States, Chairman; the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.

General-David K. E. Bruce, President; Ferdinand Lammot Belin, Vice President: Duncan Phillips, Samuel H. Kress, Joseph E. Widener. Secretary-Treasurer and General Counsel: Donald D. Shepard; director, David E. Finley: administrator, Harry A. McBride; chief curator, John Walker: assistant director, Macgill James.

The Pierpont Morgan Library, 29-33 E. 36th St., N. Y. City, consists of collections formed by the late J. P. Morgan, who died in 1913, with additions made by his son and namesake, present head of the banking house. The Library was incorporated, March 26, 1924, by the Legislature-"to preserve, protect and give permanence to the collections. to render them available, under suitable regulations and restrictions having regard to their nature and value, to scholars and persons engaged in the work of research and to those interested in literature, art and kindred subjects, to disseminate and contribute to the advancement of useful information and knowledge, to encourage and develop study and research and generally to conduct an institution of educational value to the public and fulfil the objects and purposes set forth and expressed in said Deed of Trust.'

In this way the Collections were freely dedicated to world scholarship.

Facilities Available to Students

The facilities of The Pierpont Morgan Library are freely available to all students pursuing study or research in the fields covered by the various collections in the Library. A summary of these collections will be found below.

The entire Library (2 buildings) is open daily except Saturday afternoons, Sundays, legal holidays, and the month of August, from 9:00 a. m. to 4:45 p. m. There is no charge at any time. Open to the public.

Original material from all divisions in the Library, with the exception of paintings and works of art, may be used by the students in the Reading Room. A large collection of reference material, including many volumes now rare or out of print, is also available.

A card permitting the holder to use the Reading Room will be issued to accredited students either on application at the Library or upon written request.

Upon reasonable advance notice, special exhibitions will be arranged for classes pursuing study in a particular field. The Reading Room is at the disposal of such classes except when a lecture is being held there.

The staff of the Library is glad to render any possible assistance either in person or by correspondence.

The Exhibition Room

Exhibition Room. 29 East 36. Exhibitions of material are held throughout the year. They are frequently changed.

Principal Collections in the Library-Assyrian and Babylonian Seals, Cylinders, and Cuneiform Tablets.

Egyptian, Greek, and other Papyri.

Mediaeval

and Renaissance Manuscripts from the Sixth to the Sixteenth Century.

The collection of over eight hundred volumes is especially notable for its illuminated manuscripts, as well as for those of particular interest for their textual content.

Among these are the Four Gospels, in Latin. French, 9th Century. The entire text is written in letters of burnished gold on vellum of varying shades of purple. There are lectionaries, psalters, missals and breviaries. A description of animals in Persian, dates from the 13th Century. A copy of Aesop's Fables in Greek, was done in Italy in the 11th Century. A manuscript, illuminated, of Froissart's chronicles, is in French, 15th Century. Hours of the Virgin manuscripts and those of the Four Gospels abound in the collection. A set of 35

Italian playing cards, 15th Century, illustrates the game of Tarocco.

Authors' Autograph Manuscripts, principally English, American, French, and Italian.

Autograph letters and documents of Western European and American historical and literary personages, artists, and others, dating from the Eleventh to the Twentieth Century.

Printed books dating from the inception of printing in Europe (ca. 1455) to the Twentieth Century.

This section includes first and early editions of classical, mediaeval, and Renaissance texts in the felds of science, history, liturgy, theology, literature, romance, etc. The section devoted to French dramatists and other French writers of the sixteenth to the eighteenth century is nearly complete in first as well as in later editions. The Library is particularly strong in the field of English history. liturgy, and literature, generally first editions, commencing with an important collection of books from the press of the first English printer, William Caxton (1475-1491), through the nineteenth cen

tury.

Early Gospel Texts

Among the early printed books are the Bible in Latin, Mainz Johann Gutenberg, ca. 1455. Printed on Vellum, 2 volumes. The so-called "Gutenberg Bible" is the first printed Bible and the first work of any considerable size to have been printed in Europe. This Bible must have been printed before 24 August 1456, on which day the rubricator of the copy now in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris completed his work. As the copy in the Mazarin Library was the first to attract general interest, this Bible has been known as the Mazarin Bible."

The Bible, in Italian, Vindelinus de Spira, 1471Printed on vellum. Two volumes. The first Bible to appear in Italian. The translator was Niccolò Malermi, a Venetian, and the Bible is sometimes spoken of as the 'Malermi Bible.' The present copy is extremely fine, being ornamented with splendid illuminations, the work of a Venetian miniaturist. This Italian Bible is considerably rarer than the somewhat more famous 'Gutenberg Bible. Only five complete copies are known; this one is the only copy in America.

The Bible, in Hebrew. Soncino, Joshua Salomon ben Israel, 1488-The first edition of the Hebrew Bible, i.e. Old Testament. The only copy in America. Although portions of it had appeared prior to this edition, the whole of the Old Testament here appears in print for the first time.

Costume, Collection of books and prints, reproducing and detailing costumes of all ages. Bookbindings, including metal bookcovers, from the Eighth to the Twentieth Century.

Jeweled Book Covers

Included in the examples of metal book covers is a gold and jeweled cover, French, 9th Century, considered the most finished specimen of Carolingian goldsmith's work in existence. The figures in repoussé relief depict Christ crucified, mourned by the sun and moon, the Virgin Mary, St. John, two Holy Women, and four angels.

Original drawings by European artists from the Fourteenth to the Nineteenth Century.

Etching by Rembrandt, including examples of nearly all of his work in this medium, in first as well as in later states. The finest and most complete collection in the country.

English and other Mezzotints, from the first mezzotint by von Siegen (ca. 1609--ca. 1680) through the artists of the Nineteenth Century. The collection numbers over 2000 items.

The Collection, 1 E. 70th St., N. Y. City, was formed by the late Henry Clay Frick (1849-1919) of Pittsburgh and New York. In his will he directed that his New York house and the art

collection it contained be made permanently accessible to the public, for the purpose of "encouraging and developing the study of the fine arts, and of advancing the general knowledge of kindred subjects." With this end in view Mr. Frick provided a fund for maintenance and acquisitions, stipulating only that his wife should have the right to remain in occupation during her lifetime. After Mrs. Frick's death in 1931 the Trustees caused the house to be remodelled in part and considerably enlarged. The additions, designed to harmonize with the residence built on the site of the Lenox Library in 1913-14 by Carrère & Hastings, comprise the Entrance Hall, Check Room, and Catalogue Sales-room, the Court, the circular Lecture Room, the East Gallery, and the Oval Room. The doors were opened to the public on December 16th, 1935.

The principal part of the Collection consists of 14th to 19th century paintings, several of which have been acquired since Mr. Frick's death. Among the masters represented are Duccio, Castagno, Piero della Franceseca, Gentile and Giovanni Bellini, Titian, Tintoretto, Veronese, Holbein, Hals, Van Dyck, Rembrandt, Terborch, Ruisdael, Vermeer, El Greco, Velasquez, Goya, Gauguin, Boucher, Fragonard, Chardin, Ingres, Cézanne, Hogarth, Gainsborough, Reynolds, Romney, Raeburn, Constable, Turner and Whistler.

There are also bronzes and portrait busts by Vecchietta, Laurana, Bertoldo, Pollaiuolo, Bellano, Riccio, Cellini, Giovanni Bologna, Hans Vischer,

Adriaen de Vries, Jonghelinck, Derbais, Girardon, Pajou, and Houdon-of whose famous Diana a unique terra cotta version is here.

The Collection further includes Limoges painted enamels of the 16th century, with pieces by Nardon Pénicaud, Léonard Limosin, Martial Reymond, and Jean Court; 17th and 18th century Chinese and French porcelains; English, French, and Italian period furniture; and a few rare Persian rugs.

These works of art are not displayed as in the conventional museum but are the furnishing and decoration of an early 20th-century house which is itself a part of the Collection. One of the rooms is an oak-panelled library, with all its books and bronzes where their owner left them. Another is a drawingroom, containing French 18th-century furniture of exceptional interest and a notable series of wall-panels by Fragonard. third, reproducing an 18th-century boudoir, is decorated with panels which Boucher painted for Madame de Pompadour.

A

One feature of the house is a fine organ, which a sound-transmission system makes audible in a number of the rooms.

Illustrated talks on the schools and masters represented in the Collection are given every afternoon except Monday and Tuesday, at 3 o'clock. Admission free. Closed on Mondays; also on Decoration Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, and Christmas; but open from 1 to 5 on New Year's Day, Lincoln's Birthday, Columbus Day, Election Day and Thanksgiving.

Hours: 10 to 5 on week days; 1 to 5 on Sundays. Children under ten not admitted; those under sixteen to be accompanied by adults.

A wheeled chair is at the disposal of visitors.

The National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa was founded by the Marquis of Lorne, Governor-General of the Dominion, in 1880, and was organized in its present form under a Board of Trustees in 1913. Its purposes are: to build up as representative as possible a collection of the art of all periods; and to encourage and cultivate correct artistic taste and Canadian public interest in the fine arts.

Continual additions to the collection in the past thirty years have helped to fulfil the first function. The collection includes works by the following artists: Italian-three Giottesque panels, stucco statuette by Desiderio da Settignano, Neri di Bicci, Giovanni Bellini, Botticelli, Piero de Cosimo, Cariani, Sebastiano del Piombo, Montagna, Luini, Andrea del Sarto, Bronzino, Moroni, Veronese (3), Titian, Tintoretto (3), Canaletto (4) Panini, Luca Giordano, Baldrighi; Netherlands and German-Van Scorel, Solomon Van Ruysdael, Jan Lievens, Anthony More (2), Jan Prevost, Rubens (2), Van Dyck (2), Rembrandt, Lucas Cranach the Elder, Bartel Beham, de Bruyn; Spanish-El Greco, Ribera, Murillo, Goya; French- Claude, Chardin, Perroneau, Corot (3) Millet, Boudin, Cottet, Degas, Monet, Pissarro, Sisley, Cézanne; British-14th Century Primitive, Hans Eworth, Lely, Hogarth, Kneller, Ramsay, Reynolds (3), Hoppner, Gainsborough (2), Morland, Crome (2), Romley, Beechey, Constable, Turner (2), Bonington, Etty, Holman

Hunt, Millais, Leighton, Brangwyn, McEvoy, John, McTaggart, Orpen, Lavery and others.

The collection of Canadian painting, sculpture, and graphic arts is the most complete in existence. The National Gallery is also entrusted with the care of the Canadian War Memorials Collection, comprising over one thousand works, mainly by Canadian and British artists.

The Department of Prints and Drawings contains some fine examples of the great Italian, Netherlands, German, French and English schools of engraving from their beginnings to present times, and drawings and watercolors by various masters of the same schools, including such artists as Raphael, Bassano, Jan Brueghel, Elsheimer, Goya, Claude, Watteau, Daumier, and Rowlandson.

To discharge its second function, the National Gallery has evolved a system of loan exhibitions which cover the Dominion from coast to coast. These are collections of from ten to twenty pictures, mostly Canadian, which are sent to any institution or art body having facilities for keeping them on free public exhibition. They are usually lent for a year, and the only expense to the borrower is the cost of transferring the pictures from and to Ottawa. The National Gallery also circulates in the chief cities exhibitions of British and foreign works, brought to Canada for that

purpose.

The California Palace of the Legion of Honor was built and given to the City of San Francisco in 1924 by the late Adolph B. Spreckels and his wife, Alma de Bretteville Spreckels, as a memorial to the 3,600 California heroes who gave their lives in the last World War.

Situated in Lincoln Park, the Museum overlooks the Golden Gate and the Pacific Ocean. The structure is acclaimed by many world travelers as "more beautiful than the Taj Mahal."

A Triumphal Arch, surrounded by colonades, constitutes the entrance to the Palace, and extends into the Court of Honor, surrounded by Ionic columns. In the center of the Court is Rodin's "Thinker."

Inside the building are 19 galleries filled with paintings, sculpture, tapestries. porcelains, furniture and other treasures. There are two palm courts where semi-tropical plants and flowers abound. A little theatre and specially designed organ afford opportunities for plays and concerts. Two entire galleries are devoted to the Spreckels' collection of Rodin sculptures, of which there are

approximately 100 pieces, many of them selected by the Master himself.

The building contains many gifts, including those presented by the French Government at the time the Museum was opened. Among these are tapestries, representing the life of Jeanne d'Arc, a collection of Sevres, photographs and books on art for the library.

More recent gifts are paintings, sculpture, tapestries and furniture from the Collis Potter Huntington Memorial Collection and the Mildred Anna Williams Collection. The latter (originally containing some 60 paintings by many of the leading masters of the principal European schools from the 16th to the 19th centuries, three tapestries and furniture of the Louis XV Period) is being enriched through gifts of H. K. S. Williams, husband of the late Mildred Anna Williams.

Throughout the Museum are objects of art given by the Spreckels family. These include a group of works of Theodore Reviere, comprising almost the life work of the artist, and more than 150 bronzes by the late Arthur Putnam, animal sculptor.

The National Geographic Society, of which Dr. Gilbert Grosvenor is President, was founded in 1888 for the increase and diffusion of geographic knowledge." It played such an important role in exploration and the advancement of science, and has so effectively interpreted and illustrated geography for the layman, that its membership exceeds 1,125,000, its researches and expeditions range to the ends of the earth, and its dissemination of geographic and other scientific knowledge extends to every community in the world.

The Society pioneered in the study of Alaska and in opening up that territory. It supported Peary in his expeditions that culminated in the attainment of the North Pole. It sent an expedition to Greenland, with the U. S. Navy cooperating. through which Rear Admiral Byrd acquired the far northern flying experience that carried him to both of the earth's Poles. It cooperated and contributed financially to the Byrd Antarctic Expedítions and assigned scientific observers.

A joint expedition of the Society and Yale University discovered the ancient city of the Incas of Peru, Machu Picchu.

In a series of expeditions led by Dr. Neil M. Judd, the pre-Columbian city of Pueblo Bonito in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, was unearthed and restored. Other expeditions based on the work at Pueblo Bonito, led by Dr. Andrew E. Douglass, formulated a tree-ring calendar which extends the chronology of the southwestern United States back to eight centuries before Columbus crossed the Atlantic.

Expeditions of the Society led by Dr. Joseph F. Rock penetrated the heart of Asia. Dr. Rock explored gorges of the Yangtze River, rivaling those of the Grand Canyon and sent back to America a rich collection of rare, ancient ceremonial books which are now in the Library of Congress.

The Sociey has encouraged public interest in National Parks and conservation. At a cost of $100,000 it purchased and presented to the Government 2,239 acres of the finest giant sequoia and red and yellow pine within the Sequoia National Park. In 1934, the Society in cooperation with the New York Zoological Society made a series of deep sea explorations off Nonsuch Island, Bermuda, under the leadership of Dr. William Beebe. A world record depth of 3,028 feet was attained.

In 1934 the Society and the United States Army Air Corps jointly sent up from the Black Hills of South Dakota the Explorer, with a gas capacity of 3,000,000 cubic feet, the largest free balloon ever constructed, which reached an altitude of 60,613 feet. On Nov. 11, 1935, Lt. Col. A. W. Stevens and

Lt. Col. O. A. Anderson piloted Explorer II, with a capacity 700,000 cubic feet greater, to a record height of 72,395 feet.

In 1936, as leader of the Society's Mt. McKinley Expedition, Bradford Washburn successfully photographed from the air that mountain and its related peaks. In 1938, Mr. Washburn discovered in Alaska and Yukon one of the world's largest ice fields and glacial systems outside the polar regions. During the summer of 1936 the National Geographic Society-Smithsonian Institution Archaeological Expedition to Bering Sea, under the leadership of Dr. H. B. Collins, Jr., excavated mounds near Cape Prince of Wales, discovering the first site of the old Eskimo "Thule Culture" ever found in Alaska, and confirming the fact that this culture spread eastward from Alaska.

To study conditions in the photosphere, chromosphere, and corona of the sun during the eclipse of June 8, 1937, the Society, in cooperation with the U. S. Navy, sent an expedition to Canton Island, which is on the air route from Hawaii to New Zealand.

M. W. Stirling, leader of the National Geographic Society-Smithsonian Institution Archaeological Expedition to Vera Cruz, Mexico, Jan. 16. 1939, discovered the oldest dated work of man in the Americas, a Mayan stela bearing a date equivalent to Nov. 4, 291 B. C. In 1940, a second expedition to Tabasco uncovered five colossal heads sculptured in stone. Each head weighed 15 tons or more. The 1941 expedition excavating in Veracruz found a cache of more than 700 jade objects of historic significance.

In its work of diffusing geographic knowledge, the Society relies principally on its publication, the National Geographic Magazine.

The Society has compiled and distributed among its entire membership a series of maps.

The Headquarters of the National Geographic Society in Washington contains galleries for the exhibition of enlarged photographs taken by its specialists in all parts of the world. The Society maintains a geographic library, enriched with such collections as the Arctic and Antarctic literature gathered for a generation by the late Maj. Gen. Adolphus W. Greely.

The Society has awarded the Hubbard Gold Medal to Peary. Amundsen, Gilbert, Shackleton. Stefansson, Bartlett, Byrd, Lindbergh, Andrews, Anne Morrow Lindbergh, Stevens, Anderson, and Ellsworth. It also awarded special gold medals to Peary, Amundsen, Goethals, Eckener, Byrd, Amelia Earhart, and Thomas C. Poulter, and a gold medal to Floyd Bennett.

The American Geographical Society, Broadway and 156th St., N. Y. City, was organized in 1852 and is primarily a research institution. Its object is the advancement of geographical knowledge. To this end it carries on original investigations, issues publications, maintains a library and map collection, presents an annual course of lectures, and awards honors.

In 1920 intensive studies in the geography of Latin America were begun, the results of which are appearing in the form of maps, monographs, and bibliographies, including a map of the American continent from the Mexico-United States boundary to Cape Horn, in conformity with the scale and style of the International Map of the World on the scale of 1: 1,000,000. Certain sheets have been used officially in negotiations for the settlement of international boundary disputes in Central and South America.

Studies of the problems of settlement in the pioneer regions of the world and in the tropics were begun in 1926 with the cooperation of the National Research Council and the Social Science Research Council. And the Society has also cooperated with the Canadian Pioneer Problems Committee in that organization's work.

The Society is aiding in the development of new and improved methods and instruments for exploratory surveying and in particular for mapping from air photographs.

The Society has sponsored many important polar expeditions, and polar explorers avall themselves of the facilities of the Society's library and staff in planning new expeditions.

The Society's collections contain more than 130,000 volumes of books and periodicals, 100,000 maps,

2,000 atlases, and 22,000 photographs. The reading room is open to the public daily from 9 A. M. to 4:45 P. M. (closed Saturdays during the summer).

From Nov. 1917 to Dec. 1918 the Society's building was the headquarters of experts engaged at the request of the Department of State to compile material for use at the Peace Conference in Paris. Thousands of the Society's books and maps were loaned to the American Commission to Negotiate Peace. During the recent international crisis wide use has been made of the Society's facilities by agencies of the government.

For outstanding achievement in exploration and geographical research the Society awards four gold medals: The Cullum Geographical Medal, founded by the will of Gen. George W. Cullum (awarded 37 times to date); the Charles P. Daly Medal, founded by the will of Charles P. Daly, LL.D. (awarded 30 times to date); the David Livingstone Centenary Medal, founded by the Hispanic Society of America in 1913 on the One Hundredth Anniversary of the birth of David Livingstone and awarded by the American Geographical Society "for scientific achievement in the field of geography of the southern hemisphere" (awarded 17 times to date); and the Samuel Finley Breese Morse Medal, founded by the will of Samuel F. B. Morse (awarded once). Among the Society's medalists have been Robert E Peary, Fridtjof Nansen, Robert F. Scott, Sir E. H. Shackleton, Roald Amundsen, Vilhjalmur Stefansson, Robert A. Bartlett, Lincoln Ellsworth, Sir Hubert Wilkins.

The affairs of the Society are managed by a Council and the work of the Society is conducted by a professional and technical staff. The president is Roland L. Redmond.