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Help in Case of Drowning and Other Accidents

Source: Medical Staff, American Red Cross
Drowning, Electric Shock, Gas, Smoke and
Other Suffocations-

1. Lay patient on his belly, one arm extended directly overhead, the other arm bent at elbow and with the face turned outward and resting on hand or forearm, so nose and mouth are free.

2. Kneel, straddling patient's thighs with your knees placed at such a distance from the hip bones so as to apply pressure direct from shoulders to heel of hands. Place palms of hands on small of back, with fingers resting on ribs, the little finger just touching lowest rib, with thumb and fingers in natural position, and tips of fingers out of sight. 3. With arms held straight, swing forward slowly, so that the weight of your body is gradually brought to bear upon the patient. The shoulder should be directly over the heel of the hand at the end of the forward swing. Do not bend your elbows. This operation should take about two seconds.

4. Now immediately swing backward, so as to remove the pressure completely.

5. After two seconds swing forward again. Thus repeat deliberately twelve to fifteen times a minute, the double movement of compression and release, a complete respiration in four or five seconds.

the arm pit or groin and twisting till the flow of blood is stopped. Loosen every 15 minutes. Allow to remain loose if bleeding has stopped, but watch closely and retighten if bleeding commences again. Bleeding from a vein comes in a steady flow. It can be controlled by applying a clean compress or dressing over the wound, bandaging snugly and then applying pressure with the hand directly over the dressing if necessary. Elevating the part aids Open Wounds-On scratches and slight wounds apply half strength iodine. Dirty or greasy wounds should first be cleansed with high-grade benzine. Open wounds should be covered with gauze and bandage.

Never wash or touch a wound with fingers. Do not touch that part of the gauze that comes in contact with the wound. Never use cobwebs, tobacco, waste or oil.

Burns All burns may be treated with tannic acid burn jelly, or fresh tannic acid 5% solution. or picric acid gauze moistened with clean water, or with a paste or solution of baking soda on clean gauze. Slight burns, when the skin is not broken, may be treated with a good burn ointment, preferably one containing tannic acid. Most severe burns call for shock treatment.

6. Continue artificial respiration without interruption until natural breathing is restored, if necessary, four hours or longer, or until a phy-prevent sharp ends cutting through flesh. Apply sician declares the patient is dead.

7. As soon as this artificial respiration has been started and while it is being continued, an assistant should loosen any tight clothing about the patient's neck, chest, or waist. Keep the patient warm. Do not give any liquids whatever by mouth until the patient is fully conscious.

8. To avoid strain on the heart when the patient revives, he should be kept lying down and not allowed to stand or sit up. If the doctor has not arrived by the time the patient has revived, he should be given some stimulant, such as one teaspoonful of aromatic spirits of ammonia in a small glass of water or a hot drink of coffee or tea, etc. 9. Resuscitation should be carried on at the nearest possible point to where the patient received his injuries. He should not be moved from this point until he is breathing normally of his own volition and then moved only in a lying position. Should it be necessary to move the patient before he is breathing normally, resuscitation should be carried on during the time that he is being moved. 10. A brief return of natural respiration is not a certain indication for stopping the resuscitation. Sometimes the patient, after temporary recovery of respiration, stops breathing. Do not leave patient alone.

11. In carrying out resuscitation it may be necessary to change the operator. This change must be made without losing the rhythm of respiration.

Caution-The removal of a victim of electric shock from the electric contact is highly dangerous. Phone the power company to shut off the current, or get an experienced electrician to make the rescue if possible. Do not touch the wire or the body or clothing of the victim. Absolutely dry boards may be used to push the wire away, but be careful as it may come back at you. Keep your hands at least two feet away from the wire or the victim. An oxygen inhalator is of value in gas poisoning cases. Mechanical respiration devices in untrained hands may cause grave damage.

Shock-Present in all serious injuries and greatly increased by severe bleeding and pain. Pale face. cold clammy skin, rapid weak pulse, shallow breathing. Lay patient on back, head low, feet elevated 18 inches, loosen clothing about neck. chest, and abdomen. Keep warm with blankets and hot water bottles, hot bricks or heated stones, being careful not to burn the person. If he can swallow, give him hot strong coffee, hot milk or hot water, half tea spoon aromatic spirits of ammonia in water. Never pour liquid down the throat of an unconscious person.

Hemorrhage-Bleeding from arteries comes in spurts and is brighter red in color than bleeding from veins. If from large arteries it is always very serious and demands immediate action. Pressure with fingers or hand will usually control it. The points for pressure are (1) just in front of ear for bleeding from temple. (2) Inner side of arm about half way from shoulder to elbow for bleeding from hand or arm. (3) In the groin against pelvis bone for bleeding from foot, thigh or leg. (4) On neck. fingers forward just touching windpipe, thumb around back of neck for cut throat. (5) Behind collarbone at side of neck, pressing downward on first rib. for bleeding in shoulder or arm pit. If necessary a tourniquet can be made by tying a handkerchief or bandage a hand's breadth below

Fracture (Broken Bones)-Handle carefully to narrow boards, heavy pasteboard, umbrellas, canes, fence railings, or any rigid appliances, as splints for the fractured limbs to permit the patient to be moved without pain or danger. Splints must be padded when applied next to skin, and be long enough to reach beyond the joints above and below fracture. Firm traction should be applied to end of limb while splints are fastened in place. Transportation-Three persons are necessary to place an injured person properly on a stretcher, one to lift head and shoulders, another the hips. and a third the legs. The stretcher should be placed alongside injured, and helpers should kneel on one knee on the side of patient away from stretcher, lifting him in unison, first to their bended knees, then lay on stretcher.

Eye Injuries-Loose particles may be removed from the eyelid with a clean handkerchief, or a bit of clean cotton rolled on a toothpick or a match stick. If not easily removed in this way, make no further attempt. Particles embedded in the lid or eye ball should be left to the surgeon. Never violate this rule, blindness may result. In case of serious eye injury, cover with clean cloth compress wrung out in ice cold water; send patient to hospital.

Sunstroke Sweating stops, followed by sudden rise in temperature. Skin is dry, flushed and very hot, pulse strong and rapid. Frequently unconscious. Cool quickly with cold bath or spray. Elevate the head. Ice bags or cold applications to head. No stimulants.

Heat Exhaustion-Collapse with pale face, clammy sweat, weak rapid pulse. Treat the same as Shock.

Fainting-Place patient on back with head low. even raising the feet if convenient. Loosen any tight clothing and get plenty of ventilation. Smelling salts, ammonia on a handkerchief, or a little cold water in the face are often helpful. Do not attempt to make the patient drink anything while unconscious. Hot black coffee or aromatic spirits of ammonia-12 teaspoonful well diluted with water may be given after consciousness returns.

Fits Do not attempt to hold patient down. Place any small object between teeth to prevent biting tongue. Prevent patient from injuring self. and let sleep after attack.

Lightning--This is a form of electrocution. The treatment is the same as for electric shock.

Stings of Venomous Insects, Etc.-Apply weak ammonia, oil, salt water, or iodine.

Frost Bite. Treatment-Rubbing with snow is especially bad; frozen tissues are bruised and torn and gangrene is very apt to result. Gently cover the frozen part with the hand or other body surface until the part has thawed and circulation is re-established. If a hand is frozen hold next to the skin in the arm pit or between the thighs. The frozen part may be thawed very gradually in cold water or cool air. If this cannot be done, cover the part with extra clothing until thawed.

Snake Bite-Tie ligature or cord around the arm or leg a short distance above the bite. Make a cross-cut clear through the skin over each fang mark. Apply suction with mouth or any other convenient means continuously for at least half-hour. Keep patient lying down, quiet and give treatment previously described for shock. Get doctor.

Dog Bite-Wash wound with running water, apply tincture of iodine, bandage, take to doctor

Poisons and Their Antidotes

Source: Medical Staff, The two most important points to be remembered in any poison case in which the individual is conscious are: (1) dilute; (2) cause vomiting.

These can both be accomplished at the same time by having the patient immediately drink large quantities of soap suds, soda in water, salt water, or even plain water. These are all more nauseating if given lukewarm.

The secret of success is to give enough. Start with three or four glasses. If this does not produce results in a few minutes, give some more. Tickling the back of the throat with the finger is also a valuable aid in encouraging vomiting.

Services of a physician should always be secured as soon as possible.

Alcohol-In any form-rum, gin, whisky, proof spirits, etc.; also wood or methyl alcohol.

Symptoms-Giddiness, swaying of body, inability to stand. Face flushed, eyes red. Later, skin clammy, weak pulse, maybe convulsions and unconsciousness.

Treatment-Hot coffee or aromatic spirits of ammonia-112 teaspoonful well diluted with water. Do not exhaust by making walk. Wrap warmly and put to bed. In extreme cases, breathing may stop and it will be necessary to give artificial respiration by the prone pressure method.

Arsenic-Found in rat poison, vermin killer, Paris

green.

Symptoms-Severe pains in stomach; purging; vomiting; severe cramps in legs; dryness of throat; cold sweats; profound shock.

Treatment-Be sure that vomiting is repeated until stomach is thoroughly washed out. Castor oil, stimulants of coffee or aromatic spirits of ammonia if needed. Keep warm.

Carbolic Acid or Phenol-Symptoms-A

very

powerful corrosive poison. Mouth, lips, throat and often the face burned. Vomiting often produced. In severe cases unconsciousness comes on early and soon death.

Treatment--Immediate and repeated washing of the stomach. Soothing liquids, as eggs and milk or milk alone. Stimulants usually needed at once. Burns of the lips, mouth and throat may be treated by immediate application of alcohol to stop further burning.

Carbon Monoxide-Principal danger is from exhaust gasses from automobiles and leaky gas pipes. Also found in leaky furnaces and stoves. gas stoves without flue connections, in burning buildings, etc.

Symptoms-Vary considerably depending upon the concentration of the Carbon Monoxide breathed, but the end result is usually a red coloration, especially of ears, lips and nails, and a stopping of breathing.

3.

Treatment-1. Remove patient from atmosphere containing carbon monoxide. 2. Start artificial respiration immediately by the (Schaeffer) prone pressure method if breathing has stopped. Administer oxygen as quickly as possible and in as pure form as is obtainable, preferably from an inhalator. A mixture of oxygen 95% and carbon dioxide 5% is usually used in these. 4. Keep the victim flat, quiet and warm. 5. Afterward give plenty of rest.

called Ptomaine)Poisoning by contaminated foods that have become infected with poisonous organisms. Chicken, fish, potatoes, and hash, may be especially dangerous.

Food Poisoning (formerly

Symptoms-Nausea, vomiting, purging. Severe pain in abdomen, cramps, great prostration and weakness. Skin cold and clammy. Often an eruption on the skin.

Treatment-After emetic give purgative of castor oil or Epsom Salts. If very weak a stimulant or hot coffee or 1⁄2 teaspoonful of aromatic spirits of ammonia well diluted with water.

CORROSIVE

Corrosive Acids-(1) Acetic, (2) nitric, (3) hydrochloric, (4) sulphuric, (5) also weaker acids as oxalic.

Symptoms-Very severe burning pain in mouth. throat and stomach. Wherever the stronger acids touch the skin or mucous membranes, Frequently vomiting or they are destroyed. purging. More or less suffocation from swelling of the throat, great prostration and shock.

Treatment-Large quantities of soap suds make the best emetic in these cases. However, any of the previously mentioned emetics will do. After vomiting is induced may give soothing liquids as

American Red Cross

Iodine-Owing to its wide use in the treatment of scratches, cuts and wounds, it is found in every household, and as a consequence there are cases where children or adults have taken it accidentally or otherwise.

Treatment-After vomiting has been induced, give starch or flour mixed with water to about the thickness of buttermilk.

Lead-Sugar of lead, lead paint, white lead.

Symptoms-Throat dry, metallic taste with much thirst; colic in abdomen; cramps in legs: cold sweat; sometimes paralysis of legs and convulsions.

Treatment-After thoroughly emptying the stomach, may give 1⁄2 oz. Epsom Salts in water. Stimulants if needed, and soothing liquids. Mercury-Corrosive sublimate, antiseptic tablets or other mercury salts.

Symptoms-Corrosive sublimate when taken is very irritating and frequently turns the mouth. lips and tongue white. Mouth is sometimes swollen and there is a metallic taste. symptoms are pain in abdomen, nausea, vomiting mucus and blood, bloody purging, cold, clammy skin, great prostration and convulsions.

Other

Treatment-After vomiting has been repeatedly induced, give white of egg, whole beaten eggs, milk, or eggs beaten in milk.

stomach.

and mouth Nitrate of Silver-Lunar caustic. Symptoms-Pain in Mouth first colored white, then black. Vomit first white then black.

Treatment-Salt water is the best emetic in this case. If not readily available, give other emetics. Then soothing drinks, as milk or milk and eggs. Stimulants if necessary. Opium-Laudanum, morphine, codeine, heroin, paregoric; some soothing syrups and cough mixtures.

Symptoms-Drowsiness, finally unconsciousness. Pulse full at first, then weak. Breathing full and slow at first, gradually slower and shallower. Pinpoint pupils. Face flushed then purple.

Treatment-May have difficulty getting emetic to work. Plenty of strong coffee. Try to arouse by speaking loudly and threatening, but do not exhaust by compelling to walk, etc. Stimulants and artificial respiration if breathing stops. Phosphorus-In many rat poisons and vermin killers; often with arsenic.

Symptoms-Severe pain in stomach; vomiting. Bleeding from nose, blooding, purging, convulsions.

Treatment-After vomiting, a half ounce of Epsom Salts in water or magnesia. Stimulants. Soothing liquids as milk, but avoid fats and oils. Poison Mushrooms or Toadstools.

Symptoms-Vomiting, purging, watery diarrhea. Discharges sometimes accompanied by blood. Pulse slow and strong at first, but later grows very weak. Saliva and sweat pour out. Treatment-Same as food poisoning. Strychnine or Nux Vomica-Often taken accidentally by small children who find "candy" pills or tablets left for some adult member of the family. Also strychnine is frequently used on meat to poison animals and in some vermin killers.

Symptoms-First twitching of the hands and feet followed by convulsions. Affects all muscles of body. Back is often bowed up by spasms of muscles. Jaws are locked. Spasms of muscles so great that breathing is prevented and face becomes dusky.

Treatment-After vomiting is induced powdered charcoal may be given. Repeat emetic. Veronal-Luminal, etc.

Symptoms-Patient becomes very drowsy then falls asleep. In very severe cases the sleep is so deep that the patient cannot be aroused. Treatment-Same as for Opium.

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The National Gallery of Art

Source: An Official The National Gallery of Art, situated on the area bounded by Seventh Street, Constitution Avenue, Fourth Street, and Madison Drive on the Mall in Washington, D. C.. was established by the Act of Congress of March 24, 1937. The National Gallery is a bureau of the Smithsonian Institution.

The building, costing about $15,000,000, was erected with funds given by the late Andrew W. Mellon. It was completed under the direction of Paul Mellon, Donald D. Shepard, and David K. E. Bruce, Trustees of The A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust. The architect for the building was the late John Russell Pope. Following his death in 1937, his associates, Otto R. Eggers and Daniel P. Higgins of New York, carried the work to completion.

are

for

The building is one of the largest marble structures in the world, 785 feet in length and built in a dignified and simple classical style. The exterior walls are of rose-white marble. The Gallery contains over 500,000 square feet of floor space. Of this approximately 238,000 square feet exhibition purposes. At the time of its inauguration by the President of the United States on March 17, 1941, only about half of the space available for exhibition was opened to the public. The remainder has been left for development as expanding collections in the future may require.

The central architectural feature of the Gallery is the rotunda, vaulted with a coffered dome supported by 24 columns of dark green marble. The diameter of the rotunda and the height of the dome from the marble floor both measure 100 feet. Flanking the rotunda on either side are two long galleries for larger pieces of sculpture. At the end of each of these galleries is a garden court, with a colonnade of 16 monoliths of Indiana limestone. In the center of each court has been installed a 17th Century fountain from the Park of Versailles. Exhibits of plants and flowers are rotated during the year. At the time of the opening of the Gallery, the exhibit of flowers was devoted to a collection of acacias given by Mr. Joseph E. Widener of Philadelphia.

From the two large sculpture galleries, open smaller and more intimate rooms in which are shown paintings and smaller pieces of sculpture. The lighting of these galleries is from above. Special glass filters an abundance of clear, diffused light into the exhibition galleries. Natural light is supplemented by artificial light on dark days.

The style of the exhibition galleries is varied according to the type or school of art shown. Plaster walls with travertine trim are used for the early Italian rooms. Damask wall coverings with travertine trim are used for the later Italian paintings. Later Flemish and Dutch masters are shown against oak panelling. Eighteenth Century French, English, and American paintings are shown against wood panelling painted in colors ranging from light ash green to white. Galleries already anished and ready to receive at some time in the future 19th and early 20th Century paintings have walls hung with denicron cloth with wood trim painted light gray,

On the ground floor, galleries have been opened to the public for the purpose of showing a supplementary collection of paintings. In addition, a large gallery has been prepared for showing prints. drawings, and temporary exhibitions of paintings, Likewise on the ground floor, have been installed for the benefit of the public a smoking room, an auditorium for lectures, and a cafeteria. There is

Paintings

of the Institution

also to be an art reference library on the ground floor. The equipment of the Gallery is of the latest and most modern type, and the entire building is air conditioned.

Collections

The principal collections of art comprise over 500 paintings and pieces of sculpture. In addition to providing the building. Mr. Mellon also gave his collection consisting of 126 paintings and 24 pieces of sculpture, the latter largely from the Dreyfus Collection. These paintings cover the various European schools from the 13th Century to the 18th, and include such masterpieces as Raphael's "Alba Madonna." "The Niccolini-Cowper Madonna," and "Saint George and the Dragon"; Van Eyck's "Annunciation"; Botticelli's "Adoration of the Magi"; nine Rembrandts, and three Vermeers. Twenty-one paintings in the Mellon Collection came from the famous Hermitage Gallery in Leningrad.

In giving the building and his collection for the National Gallery, Mr. Mellon expressed the hope that others would contribute works of art of a similar standard of quality for the benefit of the public and as a lasting contribution to the cultural advancement of the Nation.

The first great collection to come to the Gallery since Mr. Mellon's death, was that of Mr. Samuel H. Kress of New York. This collection of Italian art, one of the most complete ever amassed by a single individual, contains 375 paintings and 18 pieces of sculpture. Included in the Kress Collection are such masterpieces as "The Calling of Peter and Andrew" from Duccio's "Maesta": Giotto's "Madonna,' formerly in the Goldman Collection; and Giorgione's "Adoration of the Shepherds," from the collection of Viscount Allendale.

"

Works of virtually all the important Italian painters from the 13th to the 18th Centuries, and a varied representation of Italian Renaissance sculptors are included. In addition, Mr. Kress has placed on loan to the National Gallery a number of fine paintings and several outstanding pieces of Italian and French sculpture.

In 1940, the Trustees of the Gallery acquired from The A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust eleven early American portraits including a Vaughan-type portrait of Washington by Gilbert Stuart, and "The Washington Family" by Edward Savage. This gift was followed by a loan of several portraits of the same period. A group of early American portraits has also been lent to the National Gallery from the well-known Chester Dale Collection of New York. The permanent collection of paintings and sculpture has also been supplemented by a gift of prints from Miss Ellen T. Bullard and three anonymous donors. print collection which covers the most important periods of print-making contains examples of fine impressions from Pollaiuolo to Turner.

The

The Widener Collection, Elkins Park, Philadelphia, is expected to become a part of the permanent collection at a date not yet announced. The collection is one of the finest and best known in the United States.

Space does not permit a complete listing of the works of art now in the National Gallery. It is. nevertheless, possible to suggest the richness of the permanent collection by a brief enumeration of some of the more important painters whose works are now on exhibition:

MELLON COLLECTION

American School-Copley, Savage, Stuart, Trumbull, West.

British School-Constable. Gainsborough, Lawrence, Raeburn, Reynolds, Romney, Turner.

Dutch School-Cuyp, Frans Hals, Hobbema, Maes, Mor, Metsu, Rembrandt, Terborch, Vermeer. Flemish School-David, van Eyck, Memling. Rubens, Van Dyck, van der Weyden.

French School-Chardin, Lancret.
German School-Durer, Holbein the Younger.

Italian School-Fra Angelico, Antonello da Messina, Giovanni Bellini, Botticelli, Cimabue, Duccio. Filippino Lippi, Masaccio, Masolino, Perugino, Raphael, Titian, Veronese.

Spanish Schools-Goya, El Greco, Velazquez.
Sculpture

French School-Clodion, Legros.

Italian Schools-Agostino di Duccio, Amadeo. Desiderio da Settignano, Donatello, Giovanni Bologna, Laurana, Mino da Fiesole, Andrea della Robbia. Antonio Rossellino, Jacopo Sansovino, Verrocchio.

KRESS COLLECTION OF ITALIAN ART

Painting-Fra Angelico, Andrea del Sarto, Baldovinetti, Bartolommeo Veneto, Giovanni and Jacopo Bellini, Bordone, Botticelli, Canaletto, Carpaccio. Catena, Cima, Correggio, Cossa, Crivelli, Daddi, Domenico Veneziano, Duccio, Gentile da Fabriano, Giorgione, Giotto, Giovanni di Paolo, Guardi, Filippino and Filippo Lippi, Pietro Longhi, Pietro Lorenzetti, Lotto, Luini, Magnasco, Mantegna, Masolino, Moroni, Panini. Perguino, Piero di Cosimo, Pintoricchio, Pontormo, Raphael, Roberti.

Rotari, Salviati, Sassetta, Sodoma. Tiepolo, Tintoretto, Titian, Veronese, Verrocchio.

Sculpture Amadeo, Benedetto da Maiano. Civitale, Desiderio da Settignano, Pietro Lombardo, Mino da Fiesole, Andrea della Robbia, Antonio Rossellino, Tino di Camaino, Verrocchio.

In addition Mr. Kress has placed on loan sculptures by Coysevox, Carpeaux, Pilon, Bernini, and Vittoria.

Prints The print collection contains over 300

NATIONAL GALLERY items. Among the artists represented are: Altdorfer, Baldung. Blake, Jacopo de' Barbari, Brueghel, Canaletto, Dürer, Duvet, Goya, Ingres, Lucas van Leyden, Manitegna, Meryon, Nanteuil, Piranesi, Raimondi, Rembrandt, Schongauer, Turner, Whistler.

Gallery Free to the Public

The National Gallery of Art is open to the public every day in the year except Christmas Day and New Year's Day from 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on weekdays, and from 2:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. on Sundays. There is no charge for admission. Copying is permitted upon application for permission during the hours the Gallery is open, except on

OF ART (Continued)

Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays. Arrangements may be made for the members of the guide and docent staff to conduct the public and school classes through the building without charge.

Board of Trustees and executive officers of the National Gallery of Art-Ex Officio: The Chief Justice of the United States, Chairman; the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.

General-David K. E. Bruce, President: Ferdinand Lammot Belin, Vice President: Duncan Phillips. Samuel H. Kress, Joseph E. Widener. Secretary-Treasurer and General Counsel: Donald D. Shepard; director, David E. Finley: administrator, Harry A. McBride; chief curator, John Walker; assistant director, Macgill James.

The Pierpont Morgan Library

Source: Officials of the Institution

The Pierpont Morgan Library, 29-33 E. 36th St., N. Y. City, consists of collections formed by the late J. P. Morgan, who died in 1913, with additions made by his son and namesake, present head of the banking house. The Library was incorporated, March 26, 1924, by the Legislature-"to preserve, protect and give permanence to the collections.. to render them available, under suitable regulations and restrictions having regard to their nature and value, to scholars and persons engaged in the work of research and to those interested in literature, art and kindred subjects, to disseminate and contribute to the advancement of useful information and knowledge, to encourage and develop study and research and generally to conduct an institution of educational value to the public and fulfil the objects and purposes set forth and expressed in said Deed of Trust."

In this way the Collections were freely dedicated to world scholarship.

Facilities Available to Students

The facilities of The Pierpont Morgan Library are freely available to all students pursuing study or research in the fields covered by the various collections in the Library. A summary of these collections will be found below.

The entire Library (2 buildings) is open daily except Saturday afternoons, Sundays, legal holidays, and the month of August, from 9:00 a. m. to 4:45 p. m. There is no charge at any time. Open to the public.

Original material from all divisions in the Library, with the exception of paintings and works of art, may be used by the students in the Reading Room. A large collection of reference material, including many volumes now rare or out of print, is also available.

A card permitting the holder to use the Reading Room will be issued to accredited students either on application at the Library or upon written request.

Upon reasonable advance notice, special exhibitions will be arranged for classes pursuing study in a particular field. The Reading Room is at the disposal of such classes except when a lecture is being held there.

The staff of the Library is glad to render any possible assistance either in person or by correspondence.

The Exhibition Room

Exhibition Room. 29 East 36. Exhibitions of material are held throughout the year. They are frequently changed.

Principal Collections in the Library-Assyrian and Babylonian Seals, Cylinders, and Cuneiform Tablets.

Egyptian, Greek, and other Papyri. Mediaeval and Renaissance Manuscripts from the Sixth to the Sixteenth Century.

The collection of over eight hundred volumes is especially notable for its illuminated manuscripts, as well as for those of particular interest for their textual content.

Among these are the Four Gospels, in Latin, French, 9th Century. The entire text is written in letters of burnished gold on vellum of varying shades of purple. There are lectionaries, psalters, missals and breviaries. A description of animals in Persian, dates from the 13th Century. A copy of Aesop's Fables in Greek, was done in Italy in the 11th Century. A manuscript, illuminated, of Froissart's chronicles, is in French, 15th Century. Hours of the Virgin manuscripts and those of the Four Gospels abound in the collection. A set of 35

principally

Italian playing cards, 15th Century, illustrates the
game of Tarocco.
Authors' Autograph Manuscripts,
English, American, French, and Italian.
Autograph letters and documents of Western
European and American historical and literary
personages, artists, and others, dating from the
Eleventh to the Twentieth Century.

Printed books dating from the inception of printing in Europe (ca. 1455) to the Twentieth Century.

This section includes first and early editions of classical, mediaeval, and Renaissance texts in the felds of science, history, liturgy, theology, literature, romance, etc. The section devoted to French dramatists and other French writers of the sixteenth to the eighteenth century is nearly complete in first as well as in later editions. The Library is particularly strong in the field of English history, liturgy, and literature, generally first editions, commencing with an important collection of books from the press of the first English printer, William Caxton (1475-1491), through the nineteenth century.

Early Gospel Texts

Among the early printed books are the Bible in Latin. Mainz Johann Gutenberg, ca. 1455. Printed on Vellum, 2 volumes. The so-called "Gutenberg Bible" is the first printed Bible and the first work of any considerable size to have been printed in Europe. This Bible must have been printed before 24 August 1456, on which day the rubricator of the copy now in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris completed his work. As the copy in the Mazarin Library was the first to attract general interest, this Bible has been known as the "Mazarin Bible." The Bible, in Italian, Vindelinus de Spira, 1471Printed on vellum. Two volumes. The first Bible to appear in Italian. The translator was Niccolo Malermi, a Venetian, and the Bible is sometimes spoken of as the 'Malermi Bible.' The present copy is extremely fine, being ornamented with splendid illuminations, the work of a Venetian miniaturist. This Italian Bible is considerably rarer than the somewhat more famous 'Gutenberg Bible. Only five complete copies are known; this one is the only copy in America.

The Bible, in Hebrew. Soncino, Joshua Salomon ben Israel, 1488-The first edition of the Hebrew Bible, i.e. Old Testament. The only copy in America. Although portions of it had appeared prior to this edition, the whole of the Old Testament here appears in print for the first time.

Costume. Collection of books and prints, reproducing and detailing costumes of all ages. Bookbindings, including metal bookcovers, from the Eighth to the Twentieth Century.

Jeweled Book Covers

Included in the examples of metal book covers is a gold and jeweled cover, French, 9th Century, considered the most finished specimen of Carolingian goldsmith's work in existence. The figures in repoussé relief depict Christ crucified, mourned by the sun and moon, the Virgin Mary, St. John, two Holy Women, and four angels.

Original drawings by European artists from the Fourteenth to the Nineteenth Century.

Etching by Rembrandt, including examples of nearly all of his work in this medium, in first as well as in later states. The finest and most complete collection in the country.

English and other Mezzotints, from the first mezzotint by von Siegen (ca. 1609-ca. 1680) through the artists of the Nineteenth Century. The collection numbers over 2000 items.

The Frick Collection

Source: Officials of the Institution

The Collection, 1 E. 70th St., N. Y. City, was formed by the late Henry Clay Frick (1849-1919) of Pittsburgh and New York. In his will he directed that his New York house and the art collection it contained be made permanently accessible to the public, for the purpose of "encouraging and developing the study of the fine arts, and of advancing the general knowledge of kindred subjects." With this end in view Mr. Frick provided a fund for maintenance and acquisitions, stipulating only that his wife should have the right to remain in occupation during her lifetime. After Mrs. Frick's death in 1931 the Trustees caused the house to be remodelled in part and considerably enlarged. The additions, designed to harmonize with the residence built on the site of the Lenox Library in 1913-14 by Carrère & Hastings, comprise the Entrance Hall, Check Room, and Catalogue Sales-room, the Court, the circular Lecture Room, the East Gallery, and the Oval Room. The doors were opened to the public on December 16th, 1935.

The principal part of the Collection consists of 14th to 19th century paintings, several of which have been acquired since Mr. Frick's death. Among the masters represented are Duccio, Castagno, Piero della Franceseca, Gentile and Giovanni Bellini, Titian, Tintoretto, Veronese, Holbein, Hals, Van Dyck, Rembrandt, Terborch, Ruisdael, Vermeer, El Greco, Velasquez, Goya, Gauguin, Boucher, Fragonard, Chardin, Ingres, Cézanne, Hogarth, Gainsborough, Reynolds, Romney, Raeburn, Constable, Turner and Whistler.

There are also bronzes and portrait busts by Vecchietta, Laurana, Bertoldo, Pollaiuolo, Bellano, Riccio, Cellini, Giovanni Bologna, Hans Vischer,

Adriaen de Vries, Jonghelinck, Derbais, Girardon, Pajou, and Houdon-of whose famous Diana a unique terra cotta version is here.

The Collection further includes Limoges painted enamels of the 16th century, with pieces by Nardon Pénicaud, Léonard Limosin, Martial Reymond, and Jean Court; 17th and 18th century Chinese and French porcelains; English, French, and Italian period furniture; and a few rare Persian rugs.

These works of art are not displayed as in the conventional museum but are the furnishing and decoration of an early 20th-century house which is itself a part of the Collection. One of the rooms is an oak-panelled library, with all its books and bronzes where their owner left them. Another is a drawingroom, containing French 18th-century furniture of exceptional interest and a notable series of wall-panels by Fragonard. third, reproducing an 18th-century boudoir, is decorated with panels which Boucher painted for Madame de Pompadour.

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One feature of the house is a fine organ, which a sound-transmission system makes audible in a number of the rooms.

Illustrated talks on the schools and masters represented in the Collection are given every afternoon except Monday and Tuesday, at 3 o'clock. Admission free. Closed on Mondays; also on Decoration Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, and Christmas; but open from 1 to 5 on New Year's Day, Lincoln's Birthday, Columbus Day, Election Day and Thanksgiving.

Hours: 10 to 5 on week days; 1 to 5 on Sundays. Children under ten not admitted; those under sixteen to be accompanied by adults.

A wheeled chair is at the disposal of visitors.

The National Gallery of Canada

Source: Officials of the Institution

The National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa was founded by the Marquis of Lorne, Governor-General of the Dominion, in 1880, and was organized in its present form under a Board of Trustees in 1913. Its purposes are: to build up as representative as possible a collection of the art of all periods; and to encourage and cultivate correct artistic taste and Canadian public interest in the fine arts.

Continual additions to the collection in the past thirty years have helped to fulfil the first function. The collection includes works by the following artists: Italian-three Giottesque panels, stucco statuette by Desiderio da Settignano, Neri di Bicci, Giovanni Bellini, Botticelli, Piero de Cosimo, Cariani, Sebastiano_del Piombo, Montagna, Luini, Andrea del Sarto, Bronzino, Moroni, Veronese (3), Titian, Tintoretto (3), Canaletto (4) Panini, Luca Giordano, Baldrighi; Netherlands and German-Van Scorel, Solomon Van Ruysdael, Jan Lievens, Anthony More (2), Jan Prevost, Rubens (2), Van Dyck (2), Rembrandt, Lucas Cranach the Elder, Bartel Beham, de Bruyn; Spanish-El Greco, Ribera, Murillo, Goya; French-Claude, Chardin, Perroneau, Corot (3) Millet, Boudin, Cottet, Degas, Monet, Pissarro, Sisley, Cézanne; British-14th Century Primitive, Hans Eworth, Lely, Hogarth, Kneller, Ramsay, Reynolds (3), Hoppner, Gainsborough (2), Morland, Crome (2), Romley, Beechey, Constable, Turner (2), Bonington, Etty, Holman

Hunt, Millais, Leighton, Brangwyn, McEvoy, John, McTaggart, Orpen, Lavery and others.

The collection of Canadian painting, sculpture, and graphic arts is the most complete in existence. The National Gallery is also entrusted with the care of the Canadian War Memorials Collection, comprising over one thousand works, mainly by Canadian and British artists.

The Department of Prints and Drawings contains some fine examples of the great Italian, Netherlands, German, French and English schools of engraving from their beginnings to present times, and drawings and watercolors by various masters of the same schools, including such artists as Raphael, Bassano, Jan Brueghel, Elsheimer, Goya, Claude, Watteau, Daumier, and Rowlandson.

To discharge its second function, the National Gallery has evolved a system of loan exhibitions which cover the Dominion from coast to coast. These are collections of from ten to twenty pictures, mostly Canadian, which are sent to any institution or art body having facilities for keeping them on free public exhibition. They are usually lent for a year, and the only expense to the borrower is the cost of transferring the pictures from and to Ottawa. The National Gallery also circulates in the chief cities exhibitions of British and foreign works, brought to Canada for that

purpose.

California Palace, Legion of Honor, San Francisco

Source: An Official of the Institution

The California Palace of the Legion of Honor was built and given to the City of San Francisco in 1924 by the late Adolph B. Spreckels and his wife, Alma de Bretteville Spreckels, as a memorial to the 3,600 California heroes who gave their lives in the last World War.

Situated in Lincoln Park, the Museum overlooks the Golden Gate and the Pacific Ocean. The structure is acclaimed by many world travelers as "more beautiful than the Taj Mahal."

A Triumphal Arch, surrounded by colonades, constitutes the entrance to the Palace, and extends into the Court of Honor, surrounded by Ionic columns. In the center of the Court is Rodin's "Thinker."

Inside the building are 19 galleries filled with paintings, sculpture, tapestries, porcelains, furniture and other treasures. There are two palm courts where semi-tropical plants and flowers abound. A little theatre and specially designed organ afford opportunities for plays and concerts. Two entire galleries are devoted to the Spreckels' collection of Rodin sculptures. of which there are

approximately 100 pieces, many of them selected by the Master himself.

The building contains many gifts, including those presented by the French Government at the time the Museum was opened. Among these are tapestries, representing the life of Jeanne d'Arc, a collection of Sevres, photographs and books on art for the library.

More recent gifts are paintings, sculpture, tapestries and furniture from the Collis Potter Huntington Memorial Collection and the Mildred Anna Williams Collection. The latter (originally containing some 60 paintings by many of the leading masters of the principal European schools from the 16th to the 19th centuries, three tapestries and furniture of the Louis XV Period) is being enriched through gifts of H. K. S. Williams, husband of the late Mildred Anna Williams.

Throughout the Museum are objects of art given by the Spreckels family. These include a group of works of Theodore Reviere, comprising almost the life work of the artist, and more than 150 bronzes by the late Arthur Putnam, animal sculptor.

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