Rulers of Germany and the Holy Roman Empire Source: Historical Records Carlovingian Dynasty-Ludwig "The German," 873-876. Charles "The Fat," 876-887; reunited the Empire of Charlemagne, was crowned Emperor by the Pope and deposed after a treaty with the Normans. Frederick III, 1439-1493; cousin of Albert; wars with the Turks and with Charles of Burgundy. Maximilian I, 1493-1519; son, married Mary of Burgundy. End of the period of the middle ages. Charles V. 1519-1556; King of Spain; grandson of Maximilian; Edict of Worms, 1521; Martin Luther; Reformation; civil war with the imperial Arnulf, Duke of Karthia, 887-900; nephew of Konrad I, Duke of Frankonia, 911-919; first elected sovereign. Saxon Dynasty-Henry I "The Fowler," Duke of Saxony, 919-936. Otto I The Great," 936-973; son of Henry the Fowler, crowned in 962 by the Pope John XII as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. Otto II, 973-983; son of Otto I; attempted the conquest of Lower Italy from the Greeks and Arabs and lost the battle of Cotrone; was buried in Rome. Otto III, 982-1002; son of Otto II; was 3 years old when his father died; regency of his mother Teophano and his grandmother Adelheid: at the age of 16 was crowned Emperior by the Pope. Henry II, Duke of Bavaria, 1002-1024; son of Henry the Quarreler, duke of Bavaria, and greatgrandson of Henry the Fowler. House of Franconia (The Salic House)-Konrad II, 1024-1039; great-grandson of Konrad I, and son-in-law of Otto the Great. Henry III, 1039-1056; son of Konrad II; occupied himself with church affairs; at the Synod in Sutry deposed three popes and had a German bishop elected; annexed Bohemia to the Empire and was temporarily recognized as ruler of Hungary. Henry IV, 1056-1106; son of Henry III: regency of his mother, Agnes of Poitou; contest with the Pope Gregory VII. Henry V, 1106-1125; son of Henry IV; continuation of the conflict with the church; agreement of Worms 1122; end of the Salic House. Lothar, Duke of Saxony, 1125-1137; crowned in Rome 1134; beginning of the contest between the Suabian House of Staufen and the Bavarian House of Welf; 1134 Albrecht the Bear was made count of the Northern Mark, from which developed_Prussia. Hohenstaufen Dynasty-Conrad III, Duke of Suabia, 1138-1152; wars with the Bavarian House of the Welfs; participation in the 2nd Crusade. Frederic IBarbarossa." 1152-1190; conquest of the cities of Lombardy; second conflict with the Pope; loss of Upper Italy; the 3rd Crusade. Henry VI, 1190-1197; conquest of Lower Italy from the Normans; Kingdom of Palermo, inherited by his only son Frederic. Philipp of Suabia, 1198-1208; younger son of Frederic Barbarossa; war against Otto of Bavaria; assassinated. Otto (of the House of Welf), 1198-1215; excommunicated and deposed 1215; died 1218. Frederic II, 1215-1250; son of Henry VI; ruler of the Kingdom of Palermo; 5th Crusade; crowned as King of Jerusalem; third conflict with the Pope. Conrad IV, 1250-1254; son of Frederic II: Kingdom of Palermo inherited by his brother Manfred: Pope assists brother of French king, Charles of Anjou, to seize Lower Italy. Unsuccessful attempt of Conradin to restore the throne of the Staufen House in Italy, 1268; Conradin was beheaded. Interregnum. 1250-1273; different pretenders elected, but none came to power; William of Holland; Richard of Cornwallis; Alfons of Castilia. Rulers of Different Houses-Rudolf of Habsburg, 1273-1291; wars with King Ottokar of Bohemia, and conquest of Bohemia; bequeathed Austria to his eldest son: foundation of Austria. Adolphus, Count of Nassau, 1291-1298; wars with Albrecht of Austria, killed in battle of Göllheim. Albrecht I, Duke of Austria, 1298-1308; murdered by his nephew John. Henry VII of Luxembourg, 1308-1313; march into Italy; crowned emperor in Rome. Ludwig of Bavaria, 1314-1347; at the same time election of Frederic the Beautiful of the Austrian house (1314-1330); civil war; abolition of the papal sanction for the election of an emperor. Charles IV of Luxembourg, 1347-1378; grandson of Henry VII; ruler of Bohemia; Golden Bull. Wenzelaus, 1378-1400; son of the King of Bohemia; deposed. Rupprecht, Duke of the Palatinate; 1400-1410. Sigismund, 1411-1437; King of Hungary: wars against pretenders; Jost of Brandenburg and Wenzeslaus; Council of Constanz, 1414-18; Hussit Wars. Habsburg Dynasty-Albert of Austria, 1438-1439: son-in-law of Wenzeslaus, inherited from him the Kingdom of Hungary, and Bohemia; beginning of the wars against the Turks. with Francis I of France; religious wars. Ferdinand I, 1558-1564. Maximilian II. 15641576; son, Rudolf II, 1576-1612; son, Protestant Union, 1608. Mathias, 1612-1619; brother; 1618 beginning of the 30 years' war. Ferdinand II "of Steiermark," 1619-1637: leader of the Catholic Liga; elected emperor at Frankfort; religious wars: Gustav Adolph of Sweden. Ferdinand III, 1637-1657; Wallenstein; Peace of Westphalia, 1648. Leopold I, 1658-1705; son, Joseph 1, 1705-1711; son, Charles VI, 1711-1740; son of Leopold I. Maria Theresa, 1740-1780; daughter of Charles VI; Queen of Hungary; 7 years' war with Frederic the Great, King of Prussia. Charles VII of Bavaria, 1742-1745; pretender to the throne, crowned; defeated by Maria Theresa. Franz I of Lothringen Toscana, 1745-1765: husband of Maria Theresa; raised by her to co-heir; (since then reigning of the dynasty HabsburgLorrain-Toscana). Joseph II, 1765-1790; son; first partition of Poland. Leopold II, 1790-1792. Franz II, 1792-1806; abdicated as Emperor of the German Nation; continued to reign as Emperor of Austria; died in 1835. After the Peace of Pressburg, Napoleon set up the Rhine Confederation; in 1815 it was succeeded by the Germanic confederation, which included Austria, Prussia, Denmark, Holland and practically all of the German States. As a result of the Austro-Prussian war, Austria retired from the Confederation in 1866; new confederation formed by Prussia and called North German Union; ended with establishment of German Empire, 1871. Rulers of Prussia-Prussia's rulers were called Markgrafs of Brandenburg; from 1134 till 1356: they were also known as Dukes of Prussia. From 1356 (the Golden Bull) they were Electors (Kurfurst of Brandenburg), and from 1701 Kings of Prussia. The first Markgraf of Brandenburg was Albrecht the Bear, 1134-1170. The first Hohenzollern was Frederick, Burggraf of Nuremberg (Nurnberg). 1415-1440. Frederick William, 1640-1688, is known as the Great Elector; his son Frederick III, 1688-1713, was crowned King Frederick I of Prussia on January 18, 1701. Frederick I, 1701-1713, of the House of Hohenzollern; first King of Prussia; war with Sweden. Frederick William I, 1713-1740; organization of the State. Frederick II "The Great," 1740-1786; 7 years' war; annexing of Silesia; first partition of Poland. Frederick William II, 1786-1797; brother of Frederick the Great; third partition of Poland: annexing of Ansbach and Bayreuth. Frederick William III, 1797-1840; Napoleonic wars; liberation of the peasants. Frederick William IV, 1840-1861; German Revolution, 1848-49; first Government Parliament in Frankfort-on-Main in 1848; Prussian Constitution. 1848; attempt to reunite the German Empire. William I, 1861-1888; brother of Frederick William IV; German Emperor, January 18, 1871. Danish war; annexing of Schleswig: GermanFranco-Prussian war; annexing of Hannover. Frederick III, 1888. William II, 1888-1918. The German Empire was restored on Jan. 18 1871, and King William of Prussia was proclaimed German Emperor at Versailles. After his death he was succeeded by his son Frederick and, a year later, by Frederick's son, William II. William II abdicated as German Emperor and King of Prussia on November 9, 1918. At the same time, or shortly after, the other ruling sovereigns in Germany also abdicated and Germany became a Republic. A constitution was adopted at Weimar on July 31, 1919. The first president was Frederick Ebert, February 11, 1919-February 28, 1925; succeeded May 12, 1925. by Field-Marshal Paul von Hindenburg-Beneckendorff (reelected in 1932). He died, Aug. 2, 1934; on Aug. 19. Chancellor Adolph Hitler was chosen successor, under the title, Leader-Chancellor, by 38,362,760 votes out of 43,629,710 cast, of which 4,295,654 were in opposition, and 872,296 were defective. Rulers of France Source: Official Records After Hannibal crossed the Alps in 218 B.C., the Romans held possession of Gaul until 428 A.D.. when the Franks, (Merovingian branch) a Germanic people, expelled them as a governing class, and began the gradual establishment of the Kingdom of France, which then included Belgium and the Rhine Valley to the sea, as well as much of Germany. The first great Merovingian king was Clovis (Chlodwig, Ludwig. Louis) son of Childeric, who began to reign in 481 A.D. The Dynasty lasted until Childeric III, 742, when Charles Martel, conqueror of the invading Saracens, took hold. Meantime the Merovingians had split into east and west classes, called Austrasians and Neustrians. The mayors of the palace were often the real rulers. The first powerful mayor of the palace was Pepin of Heristal (687-714); and the next after him was Acc. his natural son, Charles Martel (martel means hammer), father of King Pepin the Short and grandfather of Charlemagne (Charles the Great) who, in 800, at Rome, was crowned Emperor by Pope Leo III. The original Pepin in history came from Landen, in what is now Belgium, north of Liege, but his origin is obscure. The Pepins were warriors. Charlemagne and his brother Carloman, who were born at or near Landen, were to rule jointly over France, Germany, Spain and Italy; Carloman lived only three years thereafter. Charlemagne died in 814, at Aix la Chapelle, which the Germans call Aachen. His grandsons fought among themselves with armies backing them, but made peace at Verdun in 843 and the empire was divided. France fell to Charles the Bald, son of King Louis, and thereafter was a separate kingdom. RULERS OF FRANCE AS A KINGDOM AND AS A REPUBLIC Name The Carlovinglans 840 Charles (the Bald), Emperor of the Romans. 877 Louis II, (the Stammerer), son. 879 Louis III, (died 882), and Carloman II. 884 Charles II, (the Gross). 887 Eudes (Hugh) Count of Paris. 898 Charles III, deposed, died in prison, 929. 922 Robert, brother of Eudes, killed in war. 923 Rodolph (Raoul), Duke of Burgundy, 936 Louis IV., son of Chas. III. Died in fall off horse. 954 Lotherius, son, polsoned. 986 Louis V., his son, poisoned by queen. The Capets 987 Hugh Capet, Count of Paris, (Hugh the Great), son of Hugh the Abbott, seized the crown. 996 Robert (the Wise), his son. 1031 Henry I., his son, last Normandy. 1060 Philip I. (the Fair), son, King at 14. 1108 Louis VI. (le Gros), son. 1137 Louis VII. (le Jeune), son. 1180 Philip II. (Augustus), son, crowned at Rheims. 1223 Louls VIII., The Lion, son. 1226 Louis IX. (Saint Louls), son, died at Tunis. 1270 Philip III. (the Hardy), son. 1285 Philip IV. (the Fair), son, King at 17. 1314 Louis X. (the Headstrong), son. 1315 John I., posthumous son. 1316 Philip V. (the Tall), brother. 1322 Charles IV. (the Fair), brother. House of Valois 1328 Philip VI. (of Valois), grandson of Philip III. 1350 John II. (the Good), his son, retired to England. 1364 Charles V. (the Wise), son. 1380 Charles VI. (the Beloved), son. 1422 Charles VII. (the Victorious), son. 1461 Louis XI. (the Cruel), son, civil reformer. 1483 Charles VIII. (the Affable), son. 1498 Louis XII., Duke of Orleans, grt. grandson of Charles V. 1515 Francis I., of Anjouleme, nephew, son-in-law. 1547 Henry II., son, killed at a joust. 1559 Francis II., son, married Mary Stuart. 1560 Charles IX., brother, son of Catherine de Medici. 1574 Henry III., brother, King of Poland, stabbed to death. House of Bourbon 1589 Henry IV. of Navarre, son-in-law of Henry II: murdered. Kings of Sweden-Before 1001 the Swedish rulers were known as Kings of Upsala. The sovereigns since 1389 when Margaret of Denmark was called to the throne, have been: (1412) Eric XIII; (1440) Christopher III; Charles VIII (Canuteson); (1483) John II: (1520) Christian II: (1522) Gustavus I (Vasa); (1560) Eric XIV: (1569) John III; (1592) Sigismund III: (1604) Charles IX: (1611) Gustavus II (Adolphus the Great): (1633) his daughter, Christina; (1654) Charles X: (1660) Charles XI; (1697) Charles XII: (1718) Ulrica Eleanora and her husband Frederick 1: (1741) Frederick 1; (1751) Adolphus Frederick: (1771) Gustavus III: (1792) Gustavus IV: (1809) Charles XIII: (1818) Charles XIV (Jean Barnadotte, formerly one of Napoleon's marshals); (1844) Oscar 1; 1859) Charles XV; (1872) Oscar II; (1907) Gustavus V. Norway, which had been united with Denmark and Sweden, in 1389, under Margaret, declared independence in 1814, but the union of Norway and Sweden was not finally dissolved until 1905, when Prince Carl of Denmark was elected King of Norway as Haakon VII. 1610 Louis XIII. (the Just), son. 1643 Louis XIV. (the Great), warrior, gallant. 1774 Louis XVI., grandson; married Marie Antol- 1793 Louis XVII, son of Louis XVI. said to have died 1792 National Convention. 1795 Directory, under Barras and others. First Empire 1804 Napoleon, Emperor, so chosen by popular vote (3,572,329 to 2,569). Bourbons Restored 1814 Louis XVIII., King; brother of Louis XVI. 1824 Charles X., brother; deposed. House of Orleans 1830 Louis Philippe (Egaltte), King. 1848 Louis Napoleon elected President. 1852 Lou's Napoleon. Emperor, deposed 1870. 1871 Thlers, Louis Adolphe (1797-1877), historian. 1887 Sadi-Carnot, M. (1837-1894), assassinated. ). Resigned, 1920 Deschanel, Paul (1856-1922), resigned. 1932 Lebrun, Albert (1871-1940). Germany, in June, 1940, conquered France, occupying Paris and a large part of the coastal and border regions. The third Republic of France has disappeared and the Government (Oct. 1, 1941) has not assumed final form. The rulers have been-(630) Olaf of Sweden: (640) Halfdan I; (700) Eystein 1: (730) Halfdan 11: (784) Gudrod; (824) Halfdan II, the Black Warrior: (865) his son: (934) his son, Eric 1, the Bloody Axe; (923) Hako the Good, then Harold, son of son, Olaf II; (1028) Canute the Invader, then Eric; (977) Hako the Earl; (995) Olaf 1; (1015) his Sweyn; (1035) Magnus I, natural son of Olaf II; (1047) Harold Hardrada; (1066) Olaf III, Magnus II: (1093) Magnus III, son of Olaf III: (1103) Sigurd I, Elystein II, Olaf IV: (1130) Magnus IV. Harold IV: (1136) Sigurd II, son of Harold IV: (1162) Magnus V (1186) Swerro the Adventurer: (1202) Hako, his son; (1204) Inge Baardson; (1217) Haakon Haakonsson; (1263) Magnus Lagaboter: (1280) Erik Magnusson: (1299) Haakon V. Magnusson; (1319) Magnus Eriksson; (1355) Haakon VI Magnusson: (1381) Olay Haakonsson; (1388) Margreta: (1389) Erik of Pommern; (1442) Kristofer of Bayern; (1449) Karl Knutsson; (1450-1814) same sovereigns as Denmark; (1814) Kristian Fredrik; (1814-1905) same rulers as Sweden: (1905) Haakon VII (Prince Carl of Denmark). He fled to England in 1940 when the Germans forcibly seized his country. 491 Anastasius I., Dicorus. 582 Maurice (Flavius Tiberius). 698 Tiberius III., Aspimar. 718 Leo (the Isaurian). 802 Nicephorus, fought Turks. 161 Marcus Aurelius Antonius and Lucius Verus. 171 Marcus Aurelius (alone). 235 Maximinus ("The Thracian") 244 Philip the Arabian. ROMAN EMPIRE OF THE EAST 842 Michael III. Assassinated. 867 Basilius. 886 Leo VI. (the Philosopher). 911 Constantine VII. 919 Constantine and Romanus 963 Nicephorus II., Phocas. 1025 Constantine VIII. Kings of Modern Italy-(1805) Napoleon, Emperor of the French; he abdicated in 1814; (1861) Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia; (1878) Humbert I. (1900) Victor Emmanuel III who, in 1937, was proclaimed Emperor of Ethiopia. Rulers of Austria-Hungary (1804) Francis 1, who reigned as Francis II of Germany until 1806: (1835) Ferdinand, his son; (1848) Francis-Joseph, son of Francis-Charles, who was a brother of Ferdinand. The Dual Monarchy dissolved in the World War, Austria becoming a republic and Hungary a kingdom, with a regent at its head. Francis-Joseph died, Nov. 21, 1916, and was succeeded by Charles who abdicated, Nov., 1918, and died in exile in 1922. Austria was absorbed by Germany in 1938. Kings of the Belgians (1831) Leopold I: (1865) Leopold II; (1909) Albert, nephew of Leopold II; (1934) Leopold III, son of Albert. Kings of Spain (1512) Ferdinand V.: (1516) Charles I; (1556) Philip II; (1598) Philip III: (1621) Philip IV: (1665) Charles II; (1700) Philip V (the first Bourbon); (1724) Louis I: (1746) Ferdinand VI; (1759) Charles III; (1788) Charles IV: (1808) Ferdinand VII; (1808) Joseph Bonaparte; (1813) Ferdinand VII: (1833) Isabella II; (1870) Amadeo I; (1873) a republic; (1874) Alphonso (West). 408 Theodosius II. (East). 425 Valentinian III. (West) 450 Marcian (East). 455 Petronius Maximus (West) 455 Avitus (West). 457 Leo the Great (East). 457 Majorianus (West). 461 Severus (West). 467 Anthemius (West). 472 Oliblus (West). 473 Glycerius (West). 474 Julius Nepos (West). 474 Zeno (East). 475 Augustulus Romulus (West). 476 Rome taken by Odoacer, King of Italy; extinction Western Empire. Greek Emperors at Nicaea, 1204 Theodore 1., Lascaris 1295 Michael IX. Palaeologus. 1328 Andronicus III. 1341 John Palaeologus I. 1347 John Cantacuzenus (Regent). 1391 Manuel II., Palaeologus. 1425 John Palaeologus II. 1448 Constantine XIII. (Palaeolo gus). Killed. 1453 Constantinople taken by the Turks; extinction of the Eastern Empire. His XII: (1886) Alphonso XIII (died Feb. 28, 1941, of a heart attack, in Rome, at the age of 54. property and his citzenship had been restored. On April 14, 1931, Alphonso quit Madrid without formally resigning the throne, and a republic was proclaimed under the provisional presidency of Niceto Alcala Zamora. Later, a Republican Parliament (Cortes) was elected, Zamora was chosen president, and a constitution was established. He was removed on April 7, 1936, by the Cortes, which chose as his successor ex-Premier Manuel Azana, who resigned on Feb. 27, 1939, and Spain went under the military rule of Gen. Francisco Franco. Kings of Denmark-(1839) Christian VIII, son of Frederick VI (who was King of Denmark and Norway); (1848) Frederick VII: (1863) Christian IX; (1906) Frederick VIII; (1912) Christian X. Rulers of Holland-(1806) Louis Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon, abdicated in 1810; Holland reunited to France; (1813) William Frederick, Prince of Orange; (1840) William II; (1849) William III; (1890) Wilhelmina (daughter of William III and his second wife, Princess Emma of Waldeck). She fled to England with the Princess Juliana, in 1940 when the Germans seized her country, but had not resigned. Noted Americans of the Past Source: Biographical Records (See also Presidents, and wives, Vice-Presidents, U. S. Supreme Court Justices, Ambassadors, Signers of the Declaration of Independence, Actors, Composers, Singers, Painters, etc.) 1884 Benjamin, Judah P 1795 1841 1821 1735 1865 1872 Bennett, James Gordon 1918 Bennett, J. G., Jr 1782 1858 Benton, Thomas H. 1862 1927 Beveridge, Albert J. 1842 1914 Bierce, Ambrose. 1830 1893 Blaine James G. 1875 Blair. Francis P.. 1820 Boone, Daniel.. 1939 Borah, William E. 1773 1838 Bowditch, Nathaniel. 1826 1874 Bowies, Samuel II. 1847 1910 Bowne, Borden P. 1848 1895 Boyesen, Hjalmar H.. 1863 1932 Bradford, Gamaliel. 1613 1672 Bradstreet, Anne. 1823 1896 Brady, Matthew B.. 1760 1806 Breckenridge, John.. 1837 1904 Breckenridge, W. C. 1567 1644 Brewster, William. 1864 1936 Brisbane, Arthur 1893 Brooks, Phillips 1908 Brooks, William K. 1810 Brown, Chas. Brockden. 1859 Brown, John 1835 1848 1711 1800 Landowner Showman Preacher Inventor Author Banker Subway Bldr. Lawyer Newspaper Newspaper Statesman U.S. Senator Fiction Statesman Sold, Edit. Hunter Name 1809 1868 Carson, Kit (Chris.). 1782 1866 Cass, Lewis. 1828 1914 Chamberlain, Joshua L. 1813 1780 1842 Channing, William E.. 1829 1894 Childs, Geo. W... 1799 1859 Choate Rufus. 1832 1917 Choate, Joseph H 1752 1818 Clark, Geo. Rogers. 1770 1838 Clark William. 1854 1916 Clarke, James P. 1777 1852 Clay, Henry. 1796 1856 Clayton, John M.. 1835 1910Clemens, Samuel L. 1769 1828 Clinton, DeWitt. 1739 1812 Clinton, George. 1845 1917 Cody, William F. 1792 1865 Collamer, Jacob. 1829 1888 Conkling, Roscoe. 1830 1886 Cooke, John Esten. 1865 1940 Cook, Dr. F. A. 1789 1851 Cooper, J. Fenimore. 1791 1883 Cooper, Peter. 1824 1889 Cox, 8. S. (Sunset). 1867 1906 Craigie, Pearl M. (John Oliver Hobbes). 1879 Chandler, Zach. 1870 1900 Crane, Stephen. 1916 Davis, Richard Harding. 1855 1926 Debs, Eugene V 1820 Decatur, Stephen. 1834 1928 Depew, Chauncey M. 1838 1917 Dewey, George, Admiral 1756 1834 DeWitt, Simeon.. 1849 1925 deYoung, M. H. 1830 1886 Dickinson, Emily. 1732 1803 Dickinson, John... 1835 1905 Dodge, Mary E. Mapes. 1634 1715 Dongan, Thomas. 1819 1893 Doubleday, Arthur.. 1813 1861 Douglas, Stephen A.. 1817 1895 Douglass. Fred (Negro) 1804 1897 Dow. Neal. 1795 1820 Drake, Jos, Rodman. 1811 1826 1882 Draper, John W. 1906 Dunbar, Paul Laurence. 1739 1817 duPont, Pierre $ 1803 1865 Dupont, Samuel F.,Adm. 1861 1938 Duryea, Charles E.. 1820 1887 Eads, James B. 1854 1932 Eastman, George.. 1821 1910 Eddy. Mary Baker. 1847 1931 Edison, Thos. Alva. Geologist Poet, Essayist Confed. Pres. Author. Law Lawyer Fiction Socialist 1703 1758 Edwards, Jonathan. 1837 1834 1902 Eggleston, Edward 1926 Eliot, Charles W. 1604 1690 Ellot, John.... Preacher 1803 1882 Emerson, Ralph Waldo.. Biologist 1803 1889 Ericsson, John. 1901 Evarts, William M Inventor Abolitionist "Parson" Author Statesman Poet, Editor Sen., V. Pres. 1794 1865 Everett, Edward. 1801 1870 Farragut David G., Adm. 1859 1930 Faunce, William H. P. 1806 1869 Fessenden, William P... 1819 1892 Field, Cyrus W 1850 1895 Field, Eugene. 1835 1906 Field, Marshall, 1816 1899 Field, Stephen J 1917 1881 Fields. James T. 1863 1940 Finley, John H.. 1842 1901 Fiske, John. 1865 1909 Fitch, Clyde.. 1743 178 Fitch, John, 1865 1902 Ford, Paul Leicester. Statesman Atlantic cable Poet Merchant Jurist Biography Educ., Editor Historian Drama Inventor Fiction, Hist. 1824 1863 Jackson (Stonewall), T. J. Soldier 1843 1916 James, Henry. 1842 1910 James, William. 1795 1885 Jervis, John B.. 1849 1909 Jewett, Sarah Orne. 1811 1891 Jones, George. 1747 1792 Jones. John Paul.. 1788 1850 Judson, Adoniram 1849 1927 Judson, Harry P. 1776 1865 Jumel, Mme. (Betsy Bowen).. Statesman Educator Abolitionist 1820 Gun Invent. 1815 Economist 1837 Sold.,Jur.,Sen. Poet, Editor Educator Merchant Gov., Sold. Newsp. Editor Landowner Landowner Canal Eng. Labor Leader Author Inventor Politics Inventor Railways Journalist Botanist Inventor Newspaper Sold., Explo. Soldier (Mrs. Charles Rohlfs). Fiction 1834 1916 Green, Henrietta (Hetty) Finance 1742 1786 Greene. Nathaniel. 1872 1926 Greenway, Gen. John C. Engineer 1861 1920 Guiney, Louise Imogene. Poetry 1822 1909 Hale, Edward Everett..Essayist 1755 1776 Hale. Nathan.. 1788 1879 Hale, Sarah J. 1844 1924 Hall, Granville S.. 1790 1867 Halleck, Fitz-Greene.. 1829 1908 Halstead, Murat... 1757 1804 Hamilton, Alexander.. 1830 1896 Hamilton, Gall (Mary Abigail Dodge) 1811 1900 Hamlin, Cyrus 1809 1891 Hamlin, Hannibal. 1856 1906 Harper, William R. 1837 1909 Harriman, Edward H. 1839 1897 Havemeyer, Theo. A.. 1830 1886 Hayne, Paul Hamilton. 1843 1926 Kohler, Kaufmann. 1824 1864 King, Rev. Thos. Starr. 1750 1806 Knox, Henry 1848 1909 Laffan, William. 1855 1925 La Follette, Robert M. 1834 1906 Langley, Samuel P. 1842 1881 Lanier, Sidney 1885 1933 Lardner, Ring W. 1850 1925 Lawson, Victor F.. 1849 1887 Lazarus, Emma. 1823 1901 Leconte, Joseph. 1758 1818 Lee, Henry. 1732 1794 Lee, Rich. Henry. 1807 1870 Lee, Robert E. 1823 1891 Leidy, Joseph. 1824 1903 Leland, Chas. Godfrey 1774 1809 Lewis, Meriwether, 1764 1836 Livingston, Edward. 1746 1813 Livingston, Robt. R. 1833 1888 Locke, David R. 1850 1924 Lodge, Henry Cabot. 1725 1780 Logan, John.. 1876 1916 London, Jack. 1796 1867 Lorillard. Peter. Fiction Philosophy Civ. Eng. Fiction Newspaper Naval Missionary Educator Patriot Rabbi, Educa Indian Chief History Statesman Fiction Coll. Found'r Tobacco M'f'r Vice Pres., Gov Sold., Statesm. Soldier 1813 1891 Lossing, Benson J. 1838 1915 Lounsbury, T. R. Essayist 1802 1837 Lovejoy, Elijah J. Newsp. Editor 1850 1916 Low, Seth... Mayor, Educ. Iron, Politic. Sen., Cabinet Publisher Publisher Educator Financier Statesman Explorer Poet Statesman Essayist Inventor 1797 1849 Lyon, Mary 1845 1916 Mable, Hamilton W. 1861 1908 MacDowell. Edward A. 1831 1902 Mackay, John W.. 1863 1941 McAdoo, William G. 1809 1884 McCormick, Cyrus H... 1808 1895 McCulloch, Hugh.. 1771 1830 McDowell, Ephraim. 1800 1873 McGuffey, William H. 1757 1811 McIntire, Samuel. 1816 1890 McLean, Washington... 1852 1932 McMaster, John Bache. 1796 1859 Mann, Horace. 1733 1795 Marion, Francis. 1852 1940 Markham, Edwin. 1801 1882 Marsh, George P 1856 1929 Marshall, Louls. 1725 1792 Mason, George. 1663 1728 Mather, Cotton.. 1638 1723 Mather, Increase. 1852 1929 Matthews, J. Brander 1806 1873 Maury, Matthew F. 1823 1899 Medill, Joseph M.. 1855 1937 Mellon. Andrew W. 1819 1891 Melville, Herman. 1849 1922 Miller, Charles R 1841 1913 Miller, Joaquin.. 1825 1910 Mills, Darius.... 1822 1908 Mitchell, Donald G.. 1852 1927 Mitchell, Edward P.. 1818 1889 Mitchell, Maria.. 1829 1914 Mitchell, Silas Weir. Poet Poet Educator Author Composer Mine Owner Fin., States. Inventor Sec. Treas'y Physician Educator Woodcarver Journalist Historian Educator Soldier (Rev.) Poet Lawy. Dipl. Poet Astronomer Drama, Poetry Banker Banker |
