Vocational Education

Source: United States Department of the Interior, Office of Education

All Federal funds for vocational education are matched by State and local money, and in 1940 the States and local communities expended $1.75 for each dollar of Federal aid for vocational educa

tion. This does not include expenditures for plant and equipment of vocational schools, for which no Federal money can be used.

ENROLLMENT IN FEDERALLY AIDED SCHOOLS OR CLASSES BY YEARS Enrollment figures include enrollment in schools and classes for distributive occupations-(1938) 36,008; (1939) 88,429; (1940) 129,433.

The 1940 figures are provisional, subject to final audit of State reports.

ENROLLMENT BY STATES, FISCAL YEAR 1940

Of the enrollment in 1940, males numbered 1,279,109; females, 1,011,632. Expenditures under the Federal Vocational Education Acts (except for teacher-training)-(1930) $27,412,136: (1931) $29,538,445; (1932) $30,767,572; (1933) $27,760,956: (1934) $26,011,341; (1935) $27,076,447; (1936) $31,141,788; (1937) $34,051,285; (1938) $41,411,122: (1939) $48,454,640; (1940) $50,626,777. Expenditures for teacher-training in 1936 were $2,286,046; (1937) $2,348,001; (1938) $3,583,415; (1939) $4,211,531; (1940) $4,454,534.

The figures on vocational education costs do not represent costs of education for the CCC camps, except in so far as some of the boys from the camps have attended classes in public schools operating under the vocational program.

Public Schools Attendance, Teachers, Expenditures

Source: U. S. Office of Education; Salaries cover superintendents, supervisors, and teachers

The 1938 figures for teachers (total) include "other instructional staff" not divided by sex. The U. S. Office of Education estimated that 1941-42 students would total 31,566,000. The enrollment in elementary schools was expected to drop to 20,707,000.

An illiterate is a person 10 years of age or over who cannot write in any language. The average percent of illiteracy among negroes in 1930 in the United States was 16.3.

The average percentage of illiteracy among the native whites in the United States in 1930 was 1.5. Illiteracy among foreign-born whites in the United States in 1930 averaged 9.9 per cent. and ranged from 0.3 p. ct. among Scots, and 0.6 p. ct. among English and Canadians, to 36.9 p. ct. among persons from the Azores.

The American Rhodes Scholarships were suspended by the Rhodes Trustees in September, 1939, as a result of the war. No new elections have been held, and it is not likely that any will be until the war is over.

Normally, to the United States are assigned. yearly, 32 scholarships, worth £400, tenable for 2 years.

To be eligible a candidate must be-(a) A male citizen of the United States; (b) Over nineteen and not over twenty-five years of age; (c) Above soph

Other percentages were-Portuguese, 34.7; Italians, 25.3; Poles, 19.0; Yugoslavs, 15.6: Turks, 14.1; Spanish, 14.0; Greeks. 13.6; Russians, 11.3: Austrians, 10.4; French-Canadians, 9.9; Hungarians, 9.8; Cubans, 6.6; Belgians, 6.4; Finns. 6.3; French, 3.8; Germans, 3.2.

The percentage of illiteracy in 1930 among Negroes in cities averaged about 5.0.

omore standing in some recognized degree granting university or college in the United States. Candidates may apply either from the State in which they have their ordinary private domicile, home, or residence, or from the State in which they have received at least two years of their college education.

Selections are made on the basis of the candidate's record in school and college, supplemented by references of persons who know him and by a personal interview with the Committee of Selection.

The Pulitzer School of Journalism

Source: An official of the school

The School of Journalism (graduate) at Columbia University, founded and endowed by the late Joseph Pulitzer, opened (Sept. 1912) and entered (1913) its new building at 116th St. and Broadway, New York City. The dean is Carl W. Ackerman. The school has a reference library of 15,800 books and 4,350 bound newspaper volumes, a file of fifty daily papers (American and foreign) and a "morgue" of 1,400,000 newspaper clippings of which the private collection of Dr. Talcott Williams, former Dean, formed the basis.

Advisory Board:-Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, president of Columbia University; Sevellon Brown (1940-1944), The Providence (R. I.) Journal; Kent Cooper (1940-1944), The Associated Press, New THE PULITZER Desirous of aiding a number of boys of exceptional ability to gain an education that would fit them for careers of leadership and usefulness, the late Joseph Pulitzer founded (1889) the notable scholarships that bear his name.

For a time the boys selected went to the College of the City of New York, but the lack of suitable preparatory schools at that time caused a new arrangement to be made (1893) for a seven years' course for the students selected, three years in Horace Mann High School and four in Columbia University.

In that year Columbia, in return for a gift of

York City; Julian LaRose Harris (1940-1944), The Chattanooga (Tenn.) Times; Walter M. Harrison (1941-1945). The Daily Oklahoman, Oklahoma City, Okla.; Arthur M. Howe (1938-1942), formerly of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Frank R. Kent (1941-1945), The Sun, Baltimore, Md.; Robert Lincoln O'Brien (1938-1942), former publisher of the Boston Herald, Washington, D. C.; Stuart H. Perry (1941-1945), The Adrian (Mich.) Telegram; Harold Stanley Pollard (1939-1943). The New York World-Telegram; Joseph Pulitzer (1939-1943), The St. Louis (Mo.) Post-Dispatch; William Allen White (1938-1942), The Emporia (Kan.) Gazette: Arthur Krock (1940-1943) Washington correspondent of The New York Times; Dean Ackerman, Secretary, Columbia University. SCHOLARSHIPS

money, undertook to carry ten boys a year, forty in all, upon its scholarship rolls without tuition fee. Still later, as the public high schools multiplied in number in the city, the scholarships were thrown open to graduates of the high schools-those of Kings, Queens and Richmond being later added to the list.

To the holders of the scholarships, never fewer than forty, a stipend of $250 each, available in any American college of the first class, was annually paid by Mr. Pulitzer during his lifetime, and payment is now continued by Columbia University under the terms of his will out of the income of a fund provided for the purpose.

Pulitzer Prizes in Journalism and Letters

Source: Pulitzer School of Journalism

are

The Pulitzer Prizes in Journalism and in Letters, established by the late Joseph Pulitzer in a bequest to Columbia University, New York City, awarded annually by the trustees of Columbia University on recommendation of the Advisory Board of the School of Journalism at Columbia, which was also founded and endowed by Mr. Pulitzer.

Juries selected to pass on the year's productions for 1935 made no selection of prize-winners but submitted to the Advisory Board for its guidance a list of eligible candidates for each prize with a statement of reasons for each recommendation. The specifications for the prize winning play and novel for 1934 and after carry the phrase "preferably dealing with American life."

The awards of 1941 for work done in the year 1940, are here given, with a list of the previous awards:

PUBLIC SERVICE

For the most disinterested and meritorious public service rendered by an American newspaper during the year-$500 gold medal

1918-The New York Times for the publication in
full of so many official reports, documents and
speeches relating to the World War.
1919-Milwaukee Journal for its campaign for
Americanism.

1920-No award.

1921-Boston Post for its work in the exposure of
Get-Rich-Quick Ponzi.

1922-World of New York for its work in exposing
the operations of the Ku Klux Klan.
1923-Memphis Commercial Appeal for "its cou-
rageous attitude in the publication of cartoons
and the handling of news in reference to the
operations of the Ku Klux Klan."

1924-World of New York for its work in connection
with the exposure of the Florida peonage evils.
1925-No award.

1926 Enquirer-Sun, Columbus, Ga. 1927-Canton, (O.) Daily News.

1928 Indianapolis Times (a Scripps-Howard news-
paper) for the exposure of political corruption
in Indiana.

1929 Evening World of New York for its effective
campaign to correct certain evils in the adminis-
tration of justice in New York City.
1930-No award.
1931-Atlanta Constitution for a successful munic-
ipal graft exposure.
1932-Indianapolis News for its successful campaign
to eliminate waste in city government and to
reduce the tax levy.

1933-New York World-Telegram (a Scripps-How-
ard newspaper) for its series of articles on veterans'
relief, on the real estate bond evil, on the "write
in McKee's name" campaign and exposing lottery
schemes of various fraternal organizations.
1934-Medford (Ore.) Mail-Tribune for its cam-

paign against unscrupulous politicians in Jackson
county, Ore.

1935-Sacramento Bee for articles on Federal Ju-
diciary nominations in Nevada.
1936-Cedar Rapids (Iowa) Gazette for its crusade
against corruption and misgovernment in Iowa.
Honorable mention was given to the St. Paul
Daily News for its campaign_against misgovern-
ment and corruption in St. Paul, Minn.
1937 St. Louis Post Dispatch for its exposure of
wholesale fraudulent registration in St. Louis.
Honorable mention was given to the Daily News
of New York for its public health campaign
covering venereal diseases and prophylaxis; Prov-
idence Journal and Evening Bulletin for a
research study of direct and indirect taxes, based
upon one year's detailed expenditures of three
families of working people; Cleveland Press for
its investigation and expose by news, editorials
and cartoons of a cemetery racket, and Atlanta
Journal for its campaign by news, editorials and
radio to end corruption and inefficiency in the
police department.
1938-Bismarck (N. D.) Tribune for its news re-
ports and editorials entitled "Self Help in the
Dust Bowl." A special public service prize in
the form of a bronze plaque was awarded to the
Edmonton (Alberta) Journal for its leadership
in defense of the freedom of the press in Alberta
province. Engraved certificates were voted to
each of the six daily and ninety weekly papers
which co-operated with the Edmonton Journal.
1939-Miami (Fla.) Daily News for its successful
campaign to oust the majority of the Miami City
Commissioners. Honorable mention was given to
the Waterbury (Conn.) Republican for its ex-
posure of municipal graft in that city.
1940-The Waterbury (Conn.) Republican and
American for its campaign exposing graft in the
city administration of Waterbury that resulted
in the trial and conviction of several municipal
officials.
1941-St. Louis Post Dispatch for its successful
campaign against the smoke nuisance in St.
Louis.

REPORTING

For a distinguished example of a reporter's work during the year, the test being strict accuracy, terseness, the preference being given to news stories prepared under the pressure of edition time, that. redound to the credit of the profession of journalism-$1,000.

1917-Herbert Bayard Swope, World of New York.
1918-Harold A. Littledale, New York Evening Post.
1919-No award.

1920-John J. Leary, Jr., World of New York.
1921-Louis Seibold, World of New York.
1922-Kirke L. Simpson, Washington staff of the
Associated Press.

1923-Alva Johnston, The New York Times.
1924-Magna White, San Diego Sun (a Scripps-
Howard newspaper).

Students Taking Some Form of College Work, 1900-1938

Source: The United States Office of Education

Exten. Exten. Reg. Sum- corre- Reg.- Sum- corre- Reg. Sum- correular mer spond ular mer spond ular mer spond 1938 1,205,256 317,019 243,979 130,276 103,894 49.518 15.373 8,951 1936 1,062,760 262,839 210,778 127,870 98,687 35.744 17,597 8,500 1934 919,176 217,033 167,590 117,931 80,684 35,940 18,253 6,037 1932 989,757 277,700 208,992 138,720 125,002 50.717 26,106 11,688 1930 924,275 249,150 294,044 118,411 119,111 52,290 43,113 19,745 1928 868,793 239,570 292,074 114,618 120,019 61,090 46,627 23,187 1926 767,263 209,454 273,235 85,207 92,588 40,076 49,609 38.419 1924 664,266 189,943 144,858 58,896 74,619 32,362 11,240 13,563 550,906 148,063 119,708 56,432 72,248 24,665 462,445 94,838 83,100 54,721 38,011 13,360

In 1932 the extension and correspondence figures do not include 174,921 non-collegiate students; in 1934 such students to the number of 45,484 are omitted.

Of the 1,205,256 college students in 1938, males numbered 752,127; females, 453,129.

American Colleges and Universities

Source: This list is based on the 1941 Educational Directory of the United States Office of Education. The number of students is of those studying for degrees and does not include those taking extension courses or casual courses in the summer schools. The number of teachers is for the regular courses leading to degrees. The data

Location

Abiline, Texas..

Agric. and Normal (C., E., S., N.) Pine Bluff, Ark.

Akron, Univ. of (C., S.)

Alabama (W., E., S.).

Alabama Poly. Inst. (C., E., S.).
Alabama, Univ. of (C., E., S.)....
*Alaska, Univ. of (C.)
Albany (C., S.)..

Akron, Ohio.
Montevallo, Ala.
Auburn, Ala...
University, Ala.
College, Alaska.
Portland, Ore..

are from questionnaires returned by the institu-
tions in the year 1941. Space limitations do not
permit us to carry teachers colleges, junior colleges
or professional schools. The abbreviations follow-
ing the names of the colleges indicate: C., co-edu-
cational; E.. has extension courses: N., for Negroes
only; S.. summer school; W., women only.
leges marked a star (*) are land grant colleges.

Governing Official

1873 J. B. Watson.

1913 H. E. Simmons.
1896 A. F. Harman
1872 L. N. Duncan
1831

Col

No.

Year
Organ

1889 James R. McCain.

1922

Richard C. Foster.
Charles E. Bunnell

1867 Clarence W. Greene

Albertus Magnus (W., E., S.)
Albion (C.).

New Haven, Conn.

1925

Sister M. Isabel.

Albion, Mich.

1835

John L. Seaton.

Reading, Pa.

Albright (C., S.)..

Alcorn Agric. & Mech. (C., S., N.) Alcorn, Miss.

Alderson-Broaddus (C., S.)

Alfred Univ. (C., E., S.)

Alma (C.).

Alma White (C., S.)

Amer. Coll. of Sofia (C.)..
American International (C.).

Amer. Univ. of Beirut (C, E., S.)
American Univ. at Cairo (C., E.)..
Amherst..

Anderson Coll. & Theo. Sem. (C.)
Antioch (C.)

Arizona, Univ. of (C., E., S.)
Arkansas (C., S.)

Ark. Agric. & Mech. (C., S.)
Arkansas Baptist (C., N.).
Arkansas State (C., E., S)
*Arkansas, Univ. of (C., E., S.)
Armour Inst. of Tech. (see Illinois
Inst. of Tech.)
Asbury (C., S.)..
Ashland (C., 8.)

Assumption.

Athens (C.. E., S.).

Atlanta Univ. (C., S., N.)

Morehouse (S., N.)

Spelman (W., S., N.).

Atlantic Christian (C., E., S.)
Atlantic Union (C., E., S.)..
Augsburg Coll. & Seminary (C.).
Augustana (C., E., S

Augustana Coll. and Theo. Sem.
(C., S.).

Aurora (C.).

Austin (C., E., S.)

Baldwin-Wallace (C., E., S.)
Baker Univ. (C., S.)

Barat Col. of Sacred Heart (W)

Bard

Barnard (W.).

Bates (C.).

Baylor Univ. (C., S.)

Alfred, N. Y.
Meadville, Pa.
Columbia, So. Car.
Alma, Mich..
Zarephath, N. J.

Springfield, Mass.
Beirut, Lebanon, Syria
Cairo, Egypt.
Amherst, Mass..

Yellow Springs, Ohio.
Tucson, Ariz.
Batesville, Ark.
Monticello, Ark
Little Rock, Ark.
Jonesboro, Ark
Fayetteville, Ark.

Atlanta, Ga.
Wilson, No. Car.
So. Lancaster, Mass.
Minneapolis, Minn..
Sioux Falls, So. Dak.

Rock Island, Ill...

Sherman, Texas
Berea, Ohio..
Baldwin City, Kan.
Lake Forest, Ill.
Annandale, N. Y.
New York, N. Y.
Lewiston, Me..
Waco, Tex.
Jenkintown, Pa.

1856

Harry V. Masters

1871

William H. Bell.

Philippi, W. Va.

1871 John W. Elliott

1836 John N. Norwood

1815 William P. Tolley

1870 A. M. Church

1886 John W. Dunning.

1921

Arthur K. White.
Floyd H. Black.

1885 Chester S. McGown.

1866

Bayard Dodge.

1920

1821

Chas. H. Watson
Stanley King

1917 John A. Morrison.
1852 A. D. Henderson
1885 Alfred Atkinson
1872 T. M. Lowry, Jr..
1910 Marvin Bankston.
1884 T. W. Coggs..
1910 V. C. Kays
1871 A. M. Harding