States and Their Principal Mineral Products in 1939 Source: United States Bureau of Mines Ala. Nebr.. 43 Alaska. Ariz Nev Ark. Calif. N. H.... Colo.. N. J.... N. M... Del..... D. of C.. .01 Clay products N. Y.. Fla.. .31 Phosph. rock, cement, stone. N. D... Ky.. .35 Stone, raw clay, prod, cement .10 Cement, sand, gravel, stone, clay prod. .82 Copper, gold, silver, tungsten ore .03 Stone, clay prod., sand, gravel, feldspar .71 Zinc, clay prod., sand, gravel, stone 1.65 Petrol.. copper, nat. gas, potassium salts 1.85 Nat. gas, cement, petrol, stone .44 Stone, clay prod., bromine, sand, gravel .06 Coal, sand, gravel, clay prod., nat. gas 2.83 Coal, clay prod., nat. gas, stone 5.58 Petrol., nat. gas, nat. gasoline, zinc .20 Gold, stone, cem., sand, gravel 12.57 Coal, petrol., nat. gas, cement .02 Stone, sand, gravel, clay prod., lime .13 Stone, clay prod., raw clay, gold .59 Gold stone, cement, sand gravel .95 Coal, stone, cem., phosph. rock 16.57 Petrol., nat. gas, sulfur, nat. gasoline 1.89 Copper, gold, silver, coal 16 Stone, slate, lime, asbestos 1.03 Coal, stone, clay prod., cement .75 Cement, sand, gravel, coal, gold 6.51 Coal, nat. gas, petrol, stone .30 Stone, iron ore, sand, gravel, cement .93 Petrol, coal, nat. gas, nat. gasoline In the above table iron ore, not pig iron, is taken as the basis of iron valuation, and for other metals mine production (recoverable content of metals) is the basis. Value of Mineral Products of the U. S., 1905-1939 Universal armament activities in 1940 put further As the defense program progresses it is exemphasis on the strategic nature of tungsten. In-pected that molybdenum will be substituted for creased demands and disturbed flow from producing areas upset usual commercial relations, and supplies became a matter of national concern to the larger consuming countries. Despite increasing difficulties in moving Chinese tungsten-the principal world supply-exports from China continued, although at a greatly reduced rate. certain tungsten high-speed steels. Consumption of cemented carbide is increasing rapidly, but a pound of tungsten goes much farther in machining operations as cemented carbide than as high-speed steel. Small quantities of tantalum carbide and titanium carbide are also used, but tungsten carbide dominates the cemented-carbide industry. Of outstanding interest among the transformations made by the chemists are those where coke and lime are converted into calcium carbide in an electric furnace. Calcium carbide and water yield acetylene gas, which is used for light and in oxy-acetylene equipment for cutting steel or for welding. This gas can be used also to make acetic acid and vinegar. Value of Mineral Products of the U. S., by States Source: United States Bureau of Mines In this table iron ore, not pig iron, is taken as the basis of valuation of iron, and in the case of other metals mine production (recoverable content of metals) is the basis. Pig Iron and Steel Output of Chief Countries Source: American Iron & Steel Institute gr. t. gross tons (2,240 lbs.); met. t. metric tons (2,204.6 lbs) 1920.. 1925. 1926. 1927. 1928.. 1929. 1930. 1931. 1932.. 1933.. 1934. 1935.. 1936.. 1937. 1938. 1939 1940.. 999 Iron Steel Iron Steel Iron | Steel Iron Steel Iron Steel 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 met. t. met. t. met. t. met. t. met. t. met. t. met. t. met. t. met. t. met. t. 1,110 1,369 845 756 3,287 2,629 782 3,574 2,800 766 916 3,381 2,734 1,083 1,239 3,634 2,967 1,160 1,391 3,806 2,985 812 1,009 3,512 2,874 671 2,819 2,371 596 467 36.926 42,133 8.035 9,067 6,388 8,537 3,344 2,706 1,116 1,253 160 335 1,933 1,759 258 402 2,196 2,086 4381 655 7411 2,119; 1,895 915 2,067 1.941 747 1,078 2,281 2,173 979 1,352 2,806 2,574 758 1,127 930 1,509 Other 1940 steel production (1,000 net tons)-Luxemburg (1,450); Hungary (900); Italy (2,800); Russia (21,800); Spain (565); Sweden (980); Japan (7,100). Figures for 1939 and since represent 1,000 net tons. Iron means pig iron and ferro alloys. Steel means steel ingots and castings. French figures exclude, 1934 and since, Alsace Production in 1940 of steel rails totaled 1,678,986 net tons. The investment in 1940 in the iron and steel industry was $4,262,697,793. Net income, $281,079,700; stockholders numbered 537,325; federal taxes, $127,136,380; state and local taxes, $98,024,194; cash dividends paid, $137,817,640. Employes numbered 719,683; wages and salaries in the year, $1,179,800,006. Aluminum and the War Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines; U. S. Geological Survey Aluminum has become of extraordinary importance because of its use in the construction of airplanes-more particularly war planes, by reason of its light weight and freedom from oxidation. It is found chiefly in New York, Tennessee, and North Carolina. Bauxite, which is used principally in the manufacture of metallic aluminum, comes, so far as this country is concerned, largely from Arkansas, Alabama, and Georgia. Primary aluminum totaling 412,560,000 pounds valued at $75,292,210 was produced in the United States in 1940 contrasted with 327,090,000 pounds valued at $64,600,000 in 1939. The apparent consumption of primary aluminum in 1940 totaled 454,034,409 pounds compared with 335,337,860 pounds in 1939. In order to meet the requirements of the national defense program, aluminum production will be further increased in 1941 and 1942 at the five reduction plants of the Aluminum Co. of America and at a new plant of the Reynolds Metals Co. at Lister (near Sheffield), Alabama. Output is expected to reach an annual rate of 825,000,000 pounds by July 1942. Of the 412,560,000 pounds of primary aluminum produced by the Aluminum Co. of America in 1940, the reduction plant at Alcoa, Tenn., accounted for 40 per cent; at Massena, N. Y., for 35 percent; at Badin, No. Car., for 14 percent; at Niagara Falls, N. Y., for 9 percent; and at Vancouver, Wash., for 2 percent. The new plant at Vancouver, which commenced operations September 23, 1940, contracted for a total of 162,500 kilowatts of Bonneville power and was set to produce aluminum at an annual rate of 150,000,000 pounds by the summer of 1941. Ingot production facilities also are being expanded substantially at Alcoa, and at the other reduction plants of the company. Before the end of 1942 the Aluminum Co. of America expects to by producing metal at a rate exceeding 700,000,000 pounds annually. In addition, the Reynolds Metals Year 1925. 1930. 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937. 1938 1939 1940. Co. planned the production of primary metal at the yearly rate of 60,000,000 pounds in 1941 and to further increase this output in 1942. The tremendous demand for aluminum in 1940 is attributed chiefly to the high rate of activity in National Defense industries. The airplane is made principally of aluminum and in 1940 this industry greatly increased its consumption and placed orders for much larger quantities of metal for 1941 and 1942. In addition to the building of a huge air armada, industry used the light but strong metal for many other uses in 1940. Notwithstanding the record output of new metal, it was necessary for the producer to withdraw 60,375,000 pounds of aluminum from stocks in 1940 (62,886,000 pounds in 1939). World production of bauxite in 1939 was 3,650,000 metric tons. They came from France, Hungary, Italy. Yugoslavia and Greece, in the order named as to tonnage. Aluminum world production in 1939 was 650,000 metric tons, of which the German Empire supplied 210,000 tons. Approximately one half of the weight of airplanes made in the United States is aluminum. W. L. Batt, of the Office of Production Management testified before the Senate Committee on National Defense on May 12, 1941, that in May, 1940, the total demand for aluminum had reached 30,000,000 pounds per month, and that by the middle of 1941 the need would be 50,000,000 pounds per month, one-half of which would be used for civilian purposes; by May, 1941, the consumption of aluminum for defense alone had increased from 25,000,000 pounds to more than 50,000,000 pounds per month. In May, 1940, the original estimates of the need for aluminum for aviation were 17,000,000 pounds, but by May, 1941, the actual consumption was 27,000,000 pounds for this purpose. Subsequently the O. P. M. revised the estimates of the requirements for aluminum to 65,000,000 pounds per month by the end of 1942 and 70,000,000 pounds per month by the spring of 1943. Cement and Other Quarry Production and Values Figures for clay products exclude pottery and refractories, beginning 1936. to A small amount of anthracite and semianthracite is mined in parts of Virginia, Arkansas, Colorado and New Mexico. Exports of anthracite in 1940 totaled 2,668,000 net tons (mostly Canada); imports. 135,000 net tons. The average number of men employed in 1940 was 91,313; average weekly wage, $24.95. The world total of anthracite production in 1936 was 113,843,463 metric tons, of which 64,330,000 tons were mined outside the United States. Bituminous (soft) coal is mined in over 30 states. The exports in 1940 were 16,465,928 net tons. World production in 1938 of bituminous coal was 1,091,156,537 metric tons; lignite, 264,000,000 metric tons. The potential full-time output of active mines in the bituminous-coal industry increased 2 percent between 1938 and 1939. The coal industry reached its peak capacity in 1923 when (upon the basis of 308 operating days) the potential output was 970,000,000 tons. Subsequent liquidations forced the closing or abandonment of thousands of mines and reduced the indicated capacity to 622,000,000 tons in 1934. The potential output upon a 308-day basis was 676,000,000 tons in 1939. Under the 5-day week, full-time operation is limited to approximately 261 days. The potential capacity of operating mines upon a 261-day basis was 573,000,000 tons in 1939 compared with the total actual production of 393,065,000 tons. Since the World War period improvements in fuel engineering have contributed to a continuing decline in the market for coal for industrial uses. Although the effect of such improvements is cumulative from year to year the rate of decline is smaller in recent years, as the remaining margin of possible increase in fuel efficiency becomes progressively less. The 1940 United States production of coke, which is made from coal, was 273,832,410 short tons. Coke is burned as a domestic fuel chiefly under two regional conditons-in areas where there is a surplus production of metallurgical coke, or when the manufacture of large quantities of city gas as a primary objective result in the yield of correspondingly large quantities of coke that also must find a market. The consumption of coke for domestic heating tends to be localized in regions near centers of production. A majority of the coking plants are equipped to screen and size coke for domestic use. In 1940, byproduct coke sold for furnace use, including all coke sold to financially affiliated corporations, totaled 5,134,395 tons-26 percent more than 1939. The sales for other uses and their increase over 1939 are as follows: Foundry use, 1,858,664 tons (25 percent); domestic use, 8,131,947 tons (8 percent); and other industrial, including that used in the manufacture of water gas, 1,754,917 tons (16 percent). The peak for employment in the Pennsylvania anthracite industry was 1914, when 179,679 men were employed. In 1926 the figure had fallen to 165,386 and declined steadily until 1939, when 93.138 men were on the pay rolls. In 1940 the number employed had fallen to 91,313. SERIOUS COAL-MINE DISASTERS IN THE UNITED STATES SINCE 1900 Location of Mine Date Killed Date Killed The number of men killed in the United States by accidents in mines, quarries, coke ovens, oredressing plants, smelters, and auxiliary works was 1,690 in 1940; 1,334 in 1939; 1,369 in 1938; 1,759 in 1937; 1,686 in 1936. The number injured in 1940 was 78,550; 75,495 in 1939; 71,618 in 1938; 96,484 in 1937; 92.644 in 1936. Coal mines accounted for 1,420 fatalities in 1940; 1,078 in 1939; 1,105 in 1938; 1,413 in 1937; 1,342 in 1936. World Production of Crude Petroleum Source: United States Bureau of Mines; figures show millions and tenths of millions of 42-gallon barrels 1935.. 996.6 182.4 148.2 154.8 61.3 27.4 1936... 1,099.7 186.2 63.6 30.4 41.0 1937. 1,279.2 193.2 186.2 52.4 31.8 46.7 1938. 1,214.3 204.9 188.2 48.4 32.6 38.3 1939. 1,264.9 212.5 205.8 45.6 30.8 42.8 1940.. 1,351.9/212.9 184.8 43.2 25,7 44.1 60.8 26.1 20.5 13.4 20.2 40.2 47.2 17.6 14.3 17.1 11.7 15.4 50.0 18.7 17.6 13.2 2.0 3.8 1.791.5 2.2 3.7 2,039.0 2.2 3.8 1.987.7 2.3 3.9 2,078.8 3.9 2,149.4 Also 1940-Germany-Austria, 5.3; Hungary, 1.7; Iran (Persia), 78.6; Japan, 2.6. CRUDE PETROLEUM PRODUCTION BY CHIEF STATES IN UNITED STATES U. S. PETROLEUM, GASOLINE, KEROSENE AND NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION 1,420,000 904,816 423,801 53.855 1,535,360 961,440 468,021 55,813 1,651,986 1,099.687 1,199,820 516,266 56.082 1.796.340 1,279,160 1,513,340 571,727 65,308 2,065,434 1,214,355 1,373.000 569,162 64.580 2,156,574 1,264,962 1,294,470 611,043 68.521 2.169,300 1,351,847 1,352,000 616,359 73,882 2,320,458 The 1940 figures are subject to final revision. 550,630 436,217 42,446 1.831.918 63,732 1,686,436 392,816 43,836 1,523,800 49.244 1.555.990 384.632 48,977 54,368 1,555,474 368.540 60.523 1,770.721 395,378 70.940 1,916,595 429,374 84,572 2.167.802 476,813 97.125 2.407.620 528.354 87,266 2,295,562 500,698 90,050 2,476,756 534,240 70,000 2,672,000 591,509 Value and Weight of Gold Source: Director of the Mint The unit in weighing gold is the troy ounce. ounce of fine gold means an ounce of pure gold. On January 31, 1934, the President proclaimed the United States gold dollar to be 15 5/21 grains of gold, nine-tenths fine, which is equivalent to $35 per fine troy ounce; the previous value of gold was $20.67 per fine ounce, based on the dollar of 25.8 grains of gold nine-tenths fine. Weighings are made in troy ounces and decimals thereof. Jewelers use the penny-weight and grain. The troy pound never is used. The grain is the same in both troy and avoirdupois measure but the ounce and the pound are not the same. The troy ounce contains 480 grains and the troy pound 5,760 grains, there being 12 ounces to the pound. The avoirdupois ounce contains 4371 grains and the avoirdupois pound contains 7,000 grains, there being 16 ounces to the Dound. The troy ounce is about one-tenth heavier than the avoirdupois ounce. The 400-ounce gold bar is most frequently used for monetary purposes. It is about 311⁄2 inches wide, 634 inches long, and 134 inches thick. The value of such a bar, at $35 per fine ounce, approximates $14,000. A 14.1 inch cube of gold weighs a ton. The gold in the United States Treasury, $19.963,090,869, on June 30, 1940, would make a bar about 50 feet long, 30 feet wide, and 21 feet thick. A Government gold storage vault has been built at Fort Knox, Kentucky, and gold was removed there from New York and Philadelphia in 1937. A quake-and-burglar-proof vault at San Francisco for storage of Government gold was dedicated in May, 1937. It is built on solid rock in a fivestory streamlined building. The Government's silver vault has been completed at West Point, on the Hudson, and silver from New York was moved there in 1938 and 1940 under heavy armed guard. |