rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us-that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion-that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain-that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedomand that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth. Lincoln, according to W. E. Barton, made 5 autograph copies of the Gettysburg address; one at Washington, before leaving; one for David Wills, at Gettysburg; a third, several days later, for Wills: a fourth, for the famous orator, Edward Everett, for display at the N. Y. Sanitary Fair; and the fifth, for George Bancroft, the historian. selected the best piece of black broadcloth in town. and sat cross-legged on the governor's table in the State capitol behind closed doors at night till he finished the garment. When Johnson was 19 he married Eliza McCardle, who taught him to write. His first political office was Alderman at Greeneville, Tenn.; then, in 1830, Mayor; in 1835 entered the Legislature; in 1843 elect the House of Representatives as an anti-U. S. Bank Democrat. and served till 1853, when he was elected Governor of Tennessee; in 1857 elected to the U. S. Senate, where he was a Union man; appointed by President Lincoln in 1862 Military Governor of Tennessee; in 1864 elected Vice-President when Lincoln was re-elected on the National Union Party ticket; succeeded to the presidency on the death of Lincoln, April 15, 1865. Lincoln, as President, at Washington, was a President Johnson was impeached by the House regular attendant at the New York Ave. Presbyof Representatives for having removed without the terian Church, and his pew bears a silver plate on Senate's consent, E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War, the arm, stating that he sat there on Sunday mornand on other charges. He was tried by the U. S. ings. He never formally joined a church or a Senate, which voted 35 for conviction, 19 for acdenomination. quittal; as two-thirds vote was necessary for conLincoln's estate, as administered by U. S. Su-viction the impeachment failed, and he preme Court Justice David Davis, amounted to acquitted May 26, 1868. $110,295, mostly saved from his salary of $25,000 a year and invested in Government securities. The property was equally divided among the widow and two sons, Robert T., and Thomas ("Tad"). Mrs. Lincoln, born at Lexington, Ky., in 1818, died in 1882, was one of six children of Robert Smith Todd, a pioneer settler, by his first wife. Eliza Parker. By his second wife, Betsy Humphreys, he had nine children. Her half-sister, Emille Todd, became the wife of Brig. Gen. Ben Hardin Helm, of the Confederate Army, who was killed Sept. 20 1863, at the Battle of Chicamaugua. Lincoln and Mary Todd had planned a wedding in Jan., 1841, but they quarreled, and the marriage was postponed. Within a few weeks of the assassination Mrs. Lincoln was the object of bitter attacks in Congress. She was for a time in 1875 in a mental sanatorium. After Mrs. Lincoln's death her estate was appraised at $77,555, of which $72,000 was in U. S. gold bonds. Of the Lincoln children, William Wallace died in 1862, and Thomas ("Tad") in 1871. Edward Baker Lincoln was born on March 10, 1846, and died on Feb. 1, 1850. Another son, Robert Todd Lincoln. born at Springfield, Aug. 1, 1843, studied law at Harvard, served in the Civil War, was Secretary of War in the Garfield Cabinet, then Minister to Great Britain, and later counsel to and President of the Pullman Palace Car Co. Robert T. Lincoln was found dead in bed, July 26, 1926, at his home, Manchester, Vt. He was buried in the National Cemetery, at Arlington, Va.. across the Potomac River from Washington. He had turned over to the U. S. government more than 10,000 letters to and from Abraham Lincoln, also drafts of state papers, pamphlets, and newspaper clippings-all to be kept sealed at the Library of Congress until 21 years after the donor's death. His widow, Mrs. Mary Harlan Lincoln, who died on March 31, 1937, at Washington (Georgetown), was a daughter of James Harlan, a U. S. Senator from Iowa. She left two daughters, Mrs. Charles Isham, and Mrs. Robert J. Randolph. Mrs. Robert Todd Lincoln gave to the Library of Congress the Bible on which Abraham Lincoln took the oath as President, and also the Lincoln family Bible. Her estate was estimated at nearly $3,000,000. Andrew Johnson, a Democrat, christened Andrew Jackson Johnson, was born Dec. 29, 1808, and died July 31, 1875. He was a son of Jacob Johnson, porter at old Casso's Inn, at Raleigh, N. C., sexton for the church, and porter in Col. William Polk's bank. The mother of the boy, before her marriage to Johnson, was Mary McDonough, maid at the inn. He was apprenticed at 10 to a tailor for a term of 8 years, and was chained to a table and a pair of shears, with no chance for play or school. His father died when he was five. He ran away from the tailor after 6 years of slavery, and migrated to Tennessee. He was a Methodist. In the historical museum of the State of Tennessee is a black broadcloth coat made by Andrew Johnson when Governor of Tennessee, in 1853, for his friend, Judge W. W. Pepper, of Springfield, Tenn. It is the only coat ever made by a governor of his State who was also Vice-President and President of the United States. Pepper had been a blacksmith before studying law. When Johnson was elected Governor Judge Pepper went into a blacksmith shop, selected iron to his own liking, and with forge and hammer made a pair of shovel and tongs for his friend's gubernatorial fireplace. Johnson got a tailor to give him Pepper's measurements, was In 1875 he was again elected to the U. S. Senate from Tennessee. He was a stocky man of medium height, and he died of paralysis, near Carter's Station, Tenn., and was buried at Greeneville. His one-room log house there, which he used as a tailor shop, has been bought by the State of Tennessee and has been tection. On display are Johnson's iron shears and enclosed by a colonial brick structure for its proother personal belongings. He was a Methodist. Mrs. Johnson, born at Leesburg, Tenn., in 1810, died in 1876, was the only daughter of a widow in a mountain hamlet when Johnson married her. Their daughter, Martha, born in 1828, educated at Georgetown, D. C., was often a guest at the White House in Polk's administration. In 1857 she married Judge D. T. Patterson and was mistress of the White House in place of her invalid mother. Another daughter, Mary, 1832-1883, was the wife, first of Daniel Stover, of Carter County, Tenn., and after his death, of W. R. Bacon, of Greeneville, Tenn. By Stover she had three children. Ulysses S. Grant, a Republican, of English descent, the pioneer in America being Matthew Grant, who settled, in 1630, at Dorchester, Mass., was born at Point Pleasant, O., April 27, 1822, and died of cancer on Mt. McGregor, near Saratoga, N. Y., July 23, 1885. Grant's Tomb overlooks the Hudson at N. Y. City. He was the oldest of six children of Jesse R. Grant, a tanner, and Hannah Simpson. Upon reporting at the Military Academy at West Point for admission, he signed his name on the descriptive list of cadets as Ulysses Hiram Grant. He was appointed as Ulysses Simpson Grant and was so borne on all officials records. U. S. Grant worked as a boy on his father's farm; graduated in 1843 at the U. S. Military Academy; served as an officer under Generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott, 1845-48 in the war with Mexico; resigned in 1854 after service in California, from the army, and was a farmer and real estate dealer at St. Louis; in 1860 clerked in his father's hardware and leather store at Galena, Ill. At the outbreak of the Civil War he drilled volunteers, and was commissioned Colonel of the 21st Illinois Regiment by Gov. Yates. In 1862, after his capture of Ft. Donelson, he was made a Major General: captured Vicksburg July 4, 1863; won the Battle of Chattanooga on Nov. 24-25, 1863; in 1864 was made Lieutenant General; forced Lee's surrender at Appomattox, Va., April 9, 1865; in 1866 Congress commissioned him General of the Army. General Grant was elected President in 1868, by the Republican party. Early in life he was a Whig, but in 1856 he voted for Buchanan. In 1872 he was re-elected President on the Republican ticket; in 1877-1879 made a tour of the world, and in 1880 visited the South, Cuba, and Mexico; in 1880 his 308 Republican friends failed to renominate him for President, after 36 ballots; in 1884 lost his fortune in the failure of Grant & Ward, N. Y. City bankers, but made another by writing his memoirs. He was a Methodist. The 4-room cabin in which he was born, at Point Pleasant, on the Ohio River, 22 miles up from Cincinnati, is now restored, a part of the Grant Memorial Park. Mrs. Grant, born in 1826, died in 1902, was a daughter of Judge Frederick Dent of St. Louis, a son of a Revolutionary officer. The Grants had four children-Frederick Dent (born at St. Louis, May 30, 1850; died at N. Y. City April 11, 1912); Ulysses jr., lawyer (died in Calif., Sept. 25, 1929, aged 77 years); Jesse R. (civil engineer, died at Los Altos, Calif., June 8, 1934, aged 76); and Nellle. The last named became the wife of Algernon Sartoris, of London. Maj. Gen. Frederick Dent Grant, West Point graduate (1871) and soldier, was Minister to Austria-Hungary (1890-1893); a New York City Police Commissioner (1895-1897); a general officer in the war with Spain. who became President when Garfield died, was born at Fairfield, Vt., Oct. 5, 1830, and died at N. Y. City, Nov. 18, 1886. He was a son of the Rev. William Arthur and Malvina Stone, of an old New Hampshire family. He graduated at Union College in 1848; taught school at Pownall, Vt., studied law in New York City, helped organize in 1861 the New York State Militia, and when the Civil War began was appointed Quartermaster General and equipped State troops for service at the front; in 1871 was appointed Collector of the Port of N. Y. and served until 1878, when President Hayes removed him for In 1880 as delegate at large from New York State he was a leader in the fight at the Republican National Convention to name Gen. Grant for a third term, and in the interests of harmony was put on the ticket for Vice-President. Arthur was tall, portly, dark, handsome, courtly. His death was due to apoplexy. He was buried at Albany, N. Y. He was an Episcopalian. Nellie Grant and Capt. Sartoris were married at the White House in 1874. Sartoris's mother was a sister of the actress, Fannie Kemble. In 1912 Mrs. Sartoris, then a widow, became the wife of Frank H. Jones, a lawyer, who was First Assistant Post-political reasons. master General in Cleveland's Administration. She died at Chicago, Aug. 30, 1922, aged 67 years. Rutherford B. Hayes, a Whig and then a Republican, was born, a posthumous child, at Delaware, O., Oct. 4, 1822, and died of heart disease, at Freemont, O., Jan. 17, 1893. His mother was Sophia Birchard, of Suffield, Conn. He graduated at Kenyon College, studied law at Harvard, and began to practice at Fremont; was City Solicitor of Cincinnati; served as a (Union) Brevet Major General in the Civil War; served in the House of Representatives, 1865-1867; elected Governor of Ohio, in 1867, and was re-elected; defeated for Congress in 1872; re-elected Governor in 1875; in 1876 was the Republican candidate for President. The votes of Louisiana, South Carolina and Florida being in dispute, Congress appointed an Electoral Commission of 5 Senators, 5 Representatives and 5 Justices of the U. S. Supreme Court. who, by vote of 8 to 7, decided the votes of these States in favor of Gen. Hayes, and he was seated. He was a descendant of George Hayes, a Scot, who settled in 1680 at Windsor, Conn. Hayes attended the Methodist Church, but never joined the denomination. The Hayes papers and his library of Americana are at Freemont, O., in the Hayes Memorial. Mrs. Hayes, born in 1831, died in 1889, was a daughter of Dr. James Webb, of Chillicothe, O., and a granddaughter of Dr. Isaac Cook, The Webbs had come from Lexington, Kentucky. She refused to let wine be served in the White House; was a Methodist, and a college graduate. Mrs. Arthur, who died in 1880, before her husband became President, was a Virginian, born in 1837, at Fredericksburg, and was a daughter of Commander William' Lewis Herndon of the Navy. The Arthurs had three children, W. L. H. Arthur, who died in infancy; Chester Alan Arthur Jr., born 1865, died 1937; and Ellen Herndon Arthur, born 1871, who became the wife of Charles Pinkerton. The mistress of the White House in Arthur's Administration was his sister, Mary, wife of John E. McElroy of Albany, N. Y. Grover Cleveland, a Democrat, born at Caldwell, N. J., March 18, 1837, died at Princeton, N. J.. June 24, 1908, was descended from Moses Cleveland, of England, who settled near Woburn, Mass., in 1635. A later ancestor, Gen. Moses Cleveland, founded the City of Cleveland, Ohio. Grover's father, Richard Falley Cleveland, was a son of a watchmaker, and was pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Caldwell. Mis mother was Ann Neale, of Baltimore, daughter of a merchant, of Irish birth, and was tall, dark and slim. Grover was named after the Rev. Stephen Grover, his father's predecessor at Caldwell. He dropped the "Stephen" while a lad at Fayetteville, N. Y. When he was 16 his father died and the son left President Hayes and his wife had eight children; Birchard A. (1853); Webb C. (1856-1934); Ruther-school to clerk in a store at Clinton, N. Y.; taught, ford P. (1858); Joseph T. (1861-1863); George C. (1864-1866); Fanny (1867); Scott R. (1871); Manning F. (1873-1874). James A. Garfield, a Republican, born on his father's farm at Orange, O., Nov. 19, 1831, died at Elberon, N. J., Sept. 19, 1881, from assassin Charles J. Guiteau's bullet, was a descendant of Edward Garfield, an English Puritan, who, in 1630, was one of the founders of Watertown, Mass. His mother was Eliza Ballou, a New England descendant of a French Huguenot. His father, Abram Garfield, was a native of New York, who pioneered in 1830 to the Ohio wilderness. Garfield worked on a boat on the Ohio canals; did carpentry; baptized in youth a Campbellite into the fold of "The Disciples"; graduated in 1856 at Williams College; president (1857-1861) of the Eclectic Institute at Hiram, O.; admitted to the bar; in 1859 elected to the State Senate; served as a Major General in the Union Army in the Civil War; resigned from the army in 1863 to take a seat in the U. S. House of Representatives, and served until 1880, when he was elected to the U. S. Senate to succeed Allen G. Thurman. In 1880 Garfield was elected President, and was inaugurated on a Friday; on July 2, 1881, he was fatally shot at the Baltimore and Potomac Railway depot, Washington, by Guiteau, and was buried at Cleveland, O. Guiteau was convicted of murder and was hanged at the jail at Washington, June 30. 1882. The assassination was linked to the "HalfBreed" quarrel in Republican politics in N. Y. State, which led to the resignation of Roscoe Conkling and Thomas C. Platt from the U. S. Senate. Garfield was burly and strong. The Garfield papers are at Mentor, O. He was a member of the Disciples Sect. Mrs. Garfield's father was Zeb Randolph, a farmer at Garrettsville, O.; she was born in 1833. and died in 1918. She and Garfield were schoolmates, and she became his wife when he was President of the Eclectic Institute at Hiram, O. Her mother was a daughter of Elijah Mason, of Lebanon, Conn., and a descendant of Gen. Nathanial Greené. Of the Garfield children, Harry A., lawyer, became President of Williams College; James R., lawyer, was Secretary of the Interior under Roosevelt; Abram became an architect; Irvin McDowell, a lawyer; Mary married J. Stanley Brown. Chester A. Arthur, a Whig, then a Republican, with an older brother, at the N. Y. City Institution for the Blind; made up a herd book for his uncle, Lewis F. Allen, a stock breeder at Black Rock, near Buffalo; studied law at Buffalo and was admitted to the bar in 1859: in 1863 became Assistant District Attorney of Erie County; defeated for District Attorney in 1865, but was elected Sheriff in 1870; in 1881 elected Mayor of Buffalo; in 1882 elected Governor of New York; in 1884 was elected President; defeated in 1888; élected again in 1892. Early in July, 1893, according to Dr. James H. Tobey, Cleveland was operated on for cancer, on Commodore E. C. Benedict's yacht, Oneida, in Long Island Sound. The entire upper section of one law was removed; other parts of the growth were cut out on July 17. Then a dentist fitted in an artificial jaw made of vulcanized rubber. After leaving the White House Cleveland settled at Princeton, N. J., and he was buried there. On the change of control of the Equitable Life Assurance Soc. of N. Y. he was made a trustee. He was fond of hunting and fishing and was a Presbyterian. Mrs. Cleveland's father, Oscar Folsom, was a law partner of Cleveland, at Buffalo. Her mother was Emma C. Harmon. She was born in 1864, was married to the President at the White House in 1886, and their second daughter was born there in 1893. Before the marriage, the mistress of the Executive Mansion was the President's youngest sister. Rose Elizabeth Cleveland. An older sister, Margaret, born at Caldwell, N. J., Oct. 28, 1838, became the wife of Norval B. Bacon, an architect, and died at Toledo, March 5, 1932. President Cleveland had five children, Ruth, Esther, Marion, Richard Folsom, and Francis Grover. Cleveland's widow married, Feb. 10, 1913, Thomas Jex Preston, Jr., Professor of Archeology. Benjamin Harrison, a Republican, was born at North Bend, O., Aug. 20, 1833, and died at Indianapolis, March 13, 1901. He was descended from the Virginia Harrisons. He was the third son of John Scott Harrison a son of President William Henry Harrison. By some, the Harrison lineage is traced to Pocahontas. Benjamin's mother was Elizabeth P. Irwin. He worked on his father's 400-acre farm; graduated in 1852 at Miami University; admitted to practice law in 1853 at Cincinnati; elected in 1860 as reporter of the Indiana Supreme Court; raised volunteers and served as a Union General in the Civil War, defeated for Governor in 1876; in 1879 a member of the Mississippi River Commission; in 1881 elected from Indiana to the United States Senate; in 1888 elected President; in 1892 renominated but was defeated. Harrison was an elder in the Presbyterian Church at Indianapolis. He was short, sandy. astute, unsociable, with small, bright, sharp eyes. His estate was estimated at $375,000. The first Mrs. Harrison, who was born at Oxford, O., in 1832, and died in the White House, in 1892. was a daughter of Prof. John W. Scott of Miami University, later President of Oxford Seminary. She was a musician and painter, the first head of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Mrs. Harrison's son, Russell B., mining engineer and journalist, graduated at Lafayette (Pa.) College. Her daughter, Mary, married James R. McKee, an Indianapolis merchant. She died on Oct. 28, 1930, at Greenwich, Conn.. The second Mrs. Harrison was Mrs. Mary Scott Lord Dimmick, niece of the first Mrs. Harrison, and widow of Walter Erskine Dimmick, a lawyer, who died of typhoid, in N. Y. City in 1882. She was born in Honesdale, Pa., in 1858, and had spent two years at the White House during her aunt's life. The ex-president married her at N. Y. City. By the second wife Harrison had one child. Elizabeth Harrison, born in 1897. In 1921 she married James Blaine Walker, jr., a great-nephew of James G. Blaine. William McKinley, a Republican, was born at Niles, O., Jan. 29, 1843, and died at Buffalo, N. Y., Sept. 14, 1901. He was of Highland Scottish descent, but his ancestors lived long in Ireland before settling in York County, Pa. His father was William McKinley, operator of charcoal furnaces at Niles, O., his mother was Nancy Allison, of Scottish lineage, whose family settled in Westmoreland County, Pa. McKinley was the seventh of nine children. He quit Allegheny College to make a living, and taught school; enlisted as a private and served in the Civil War, and came out a Major: studied law and practiced at Canton, O.; elected, 1869, Prosecuting Attorney of Stark County; in 1876 elected to the House of Representatives and served until 1891, except for a short time in 1884 when a contest unseated him; elected Governor, 1891; re-elected in 1893; elected President in 1896; re-elected in 1900. McKinley was assassinated by an anarchist, Leon Czolgosz, who shot him twice, with a pistol hidden in a handkerchief, Sept. 6, 1901, at the PanAmerican Exposition, Buffalo, N. Y. The President died Sept. 14, at the home of John G. Milburn, at Buffalo. Czolgosz was convicted and was electrocuted Oct. 29, 1901, at Auburn State Prison. McKinley was a Methodist. He was buried at Canton, O. The McKinley papers were put in possession of George B. Cortelyou at N. Y. City. Mrs. McKinley, born in 1847, died in 1907, was a daughter of James Asbury Saxton and Katherine DeWalt. She was educated in private schools. spent some time in Europe and was cashier in her father's bank at Canton, Ohio, when she married. Their two children, Katie and Ida, died in early childhood. A nervous ailment then made her an invalid for the rest of her life. She was, nevertheless, the mistress of the White House, accompanied her husband everywhere, and was with him at Buffalo when he was assassinated. Theodore Roosevelt, Republican (descendant of Claes Martenszen van Rosenvelt, of Zeeland, Holland, who emigrated in 1649-50 to New Netherland with his wife, Jannette), was born at N. Y. City, Oct. 27, 1858, and died in sleep at Oyster Bay, N. Y., Jan. 6, 1919. He was a son of Theodore Roosevelt (1831-1878). Collector of the Port, and of the latter's wife, Martha Bulloch, daughter of Maj. James S. Bulloch, of Roswell, Ga. Roosevelt graduated at Harvard, traveled in Europe; served 1882-1884 in the New York State Assembly; lived 1884-1886 on a North Dakota ranch, an unsuccessful candidate for Mayor of New York City in 1886; Police Commissioner; a member of the National Civil Service Commission; Assistant Secretary of the Navy (April 19, 1897-May 10, 1898), resigning to organize with Surgeon Leonard Wood 1st U. S. Cavalry (Roosevelt's Rough Riders), which served in Cuba in the Spanish-American War, and of which he became Colonel; elected Governor of New York 1898; elected Vice-President in 1900 and became President in 1901 on McKinley's assassination, taking the oath of office in Buffalo, N. Y.; elected president in 1904; hunted in East Africa in 1909-1910; defeated for President on the Progressive (Bull Moose) ticket in 1912; visited and explored South America, 1913-1914. Roosevelt brought about the nomination of Taft to succeed him and was friendly until Oct., 1911, when President Taft's attorney general charged the U. S. Steel Corp. was a monopoly by purchasing the Tennessee Coal & Iron Co., a step which the steel interests had taken with Roosevelt's consent. When Taft came up for re-election Roosevelt ran against him as an independent candidate; the Republican vote was split, and Wilson was elected president. He was an author, and fond of athletics. He received the Nobel peace prize in 1906. He was shot and wounded at Milwaukee, Oct. 14. 1912, by a crank. He belonged to the Reformed Dutch Church. He was buried at Oyster Bay, N. Y. His sister, Corinne (Mrs. Douglas Robinson), born in 1861, died in Feb., 1933, at N. Y. City. He was an uncle of Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt. The first Mrs. Roosevelt, whom he married on Oct. 27, 1880, was Alice Hathaway Lee, daughter of George Cabot Lee and of Caroline Haskell Lee, of Boston; she and her husband's mother died at N. Y. City on Feb. 14, 1884. Her only child was Alice Lee Roosevelt, who, in 1906, at the White House, married Nicholas Longworth, a Cincinnati lawyer and landowner and a Republican Representative in Congress. A child, Paulina, was born Feb. 14, 1925. Longworth, then Speaker of the House of Representatives, died at the age of 61 on April 9, 1931. The second Mrs. Roosevelt, whom he married on Dec. 2, 1886, at London, was Edith Kermit Carow, daughter of Charles Carow and of Gertrude Tyler Carow, of N. Y. City. She was born in 1861. By this union there were five children-Theodore jr., Kermit, Ethel Carow (Mrs. Richard Derby), Archibald Bulloch, and Quentin. The last named, an aviator in Europe in the World War, was killed in action and was buried where he fell. Theodore, who served as Lieutenant Colonel in the World War, was Assistant Secretary of the Navy under Harding and under Coolidge; ran unsuccessfully for Governor of New York State in 1924, and later was appointed Governor of Puerto Rico, and, in 1932, Governor General of the Philippines. William H. Taft, a Republican, was born at Cincinnati, Sept. 15, 1857, the son of Alphonso Taft and the latter's second wife, Louisa Maria Torrey, and was a brother of Henry W. and Horace D. Taft, and a half-brother of the late Charles P. Taft, the latter's mother being Fannie Phelps, of Vermont. Alphonso Taft was Secretary of War and later Attorney General in Grant's Cabinet, and was Minister to Austria, and then to Russia, under President Arthur. W. H. Taft graduated in 1878, at Yale, and in 1880 at the Cincinnati Law School; admitted to the Bar in 1880; a law reporter on Cincinnati dailies: Assistant Prosecuting Attorney 1881-1882; Assistant City Solicitor, 1887; Judge Cincinnati Superior Court, 1887-1890; U. S. Solicitor General, 1890-1892; U. S. Circuit Judge, 1892-1900; Dean of the Law School at the University of Cincinnati, 1896-1900; President of the U. S. Philippine Commission. 1900-1901; Civil Governor of the Philippines. 19011904; in 1902 arranged at Rome with Pope Leo XIII, the question of purchase of Roman Catholic lands in the Philippines; Secretary of War under Roosevelt, 1904-1908; Provisional Governor of Cuba for a while in 1907; on Government mission in 1907 to Cuba, Panama and the Philippines. Taft was elected President in 1908; defeated for re-election in 1912; professor of law at Yale University, 1913-1921; appointed Chief Justice United States Supreme Court, June 30, 1921, and resigned on Feb. 3, 1930, at Asheville, N. C. Taft left Asheville very ill, and was taken, by train, to Washington, where he died on March 8, 1930. The body lay in state, on March 11, under the Dome of the Capitol, and then was buried with military honors, at the National Cemetery, Arlington. His estate was estimated at $350,000 personalty and $125 000 realty. Taft was a Unitarian. He was tall, portly and affable. The Taft papers are in the Library of Congress. Mrs. Taft was Helen Herron, of Cincinnati, a daughter of Judge John W. Herron and Harriet Collins. She is one of eight children, a musician and a founder of the Cincinnati Orchestra. Her father was a law partner of Rutherford B. Hayes. Mrs. Taft was an Episcopalian. Her only daughter is Helen Herron Taft, wife of Frederick J. Manning, a professor at Bryn Mawr. Her sons are Robert Alphonso Taft and Charles Phelps Taft, 2d. Mrs. Taft has blue-gray eyes and a contralto voice, a broad forehead and brown hair. Woodrow Wilson, a Democrat, was born at Staunton, Va., Dec. 28, 1856, and died Feb. 3, 1924, at Washington. He was a son of a Presbyterian minister, the Rev. Joseph Ruggles Wilson, and Janet Woodrow, daughter of a Scottish-Presbyterian minister; and a grandson of James Wilson, a Presbyterian, of Ulster, Ireland, who settled at Philadelphia in 1807, and became a printer, marrying, in 1808, a girl, also an Ulster Presbyterian, who had come across the Atlantic in the same ship with him. Wilson graduated at Princeton University, 1879; graduated in law at the University of Virginia in 1881; and took his Ph.D degree at Johns Hopkins in 1886. He practiced law at Atlanta, Ga., 18821883: taught history and political economy at Bryn Mawr College, 1885-1888 and at Wesleyan University, 1888-1890; professor of jurisprudence and political economy at Princeton University, 18901902. In 1902 he was chosen President of Princeton University and served until Oct., 1910; Governor of New Jersey, 1911-1913; elected President in 1912. re-elected in 1916. He helped draft a treaty of peace with Germany. at Paris (Versailles) in 1919, welding in it the covenant of the League of Nations. The treaty and Covenant were accepted by Japan and the Allies in Europe, but were rejected by the U. S. Senate. In campaigning in the West to arouse public sentiment for the treaty, the President was partly paralyzed by apoplexy, Sept. 26, 1919. In the first days of March, 1919, as Mr. Wilson left for Paris after his brief visit home, a manifesto signed by 39 senators warned him against locking the League of Nations covenant with the peace treaties. He paid no heed. The final vote in the Senate on the treaty, in March, 1920, was 49 for, and 35 against; 29 votes against on that poll, would have been enough to reject. The opposition was led by Senators Henry C. Lodge of Mass., William E. Borah of Idaho, and Hiram Johnson of California. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919. Wilson was a Presbyterian. He was entombed in the P. E. Cathedral, Washington. His estate was valued at over $600,000. His papers were given, in Oct. 1939, to the Library of Congress. He was a Presbyterian. The first Mrs. Wilson, Ellen Louise Axson, of Rome, Ga., born in 1860, was a sister of Prof. Stockton Axson of Princeton University, and a daughter of the Rev. S. E. Axson and Margaret 80, at Plymouth, Vt., March 18, 1926), and Victoria J. Moor. His ancestor, John Coolidge, came with his wife, Mary, from England and settled at Cambridge (then Watertown), in the Puritan Colony of Massachusetts Bay, in 1630. Coolidge graduated at Amherst College, 1895; admitted to practice law, 1897, at Northampton. Mass.; City Councilman, 1899; City Solicitor, 19001901; clerk of the Courts, 1904; member of the Lower House of the Massachusetts Legislature, 1907-1908; Mayor of Northampton, 1910-1911: member of the State Senate, 1912-1915; and President of that body, 1914-1915; Lieutenant-Governor of Massachusetts, 1916-1918; Governor, 1919-1920: elected Vice-President in 1920, and became President on Harding's death, Aug. 2, 1923. He was sworn by his father, Col. John Coolidge, in the family homestead, at Plymouth Notch, Vt., early in the morning of Aug. 3. A question was raised as to the validity of that oath, Col. Coolidge being only a state officer (Justice of the Peace). Therefore, a second oath was taken, on Aug. 17, before A. A. Hoehling, then a Justice of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia. He was elected President in 1924, for the full term. On retirement he returned to Northampton (Mass.), where he died, unexpectedly and unattended, on Jan. 5, 1933, at The Beeches." an estate which he had bought on the outskirts. There, in the daytime, he was found lifeless, on the floor of an upstairs room, by his wife, on her return from shopping. It was said he had suffered from indigestion. There was no autopsy. The certificate of the family doctor stated the cause of death as "probably coronary thrombosis," which means that a blood clot stopped the heart. He was buried at Plymouth, Vt. He was a Congregationalist. Mr. Coolidge's will, made at the White House Dec. 20, 1926, left his estate to his wife. His papers are with the Library of Congress. Mrs. Coolidge is the daughter of Capt. Andrew I. Goodhue and Almira Burret, was born on Jan. 3. 1879, at Burlington, Vt. The Captain was a Democrat, and was a steamboat inspector while Grover Cleveland was President. Mrs. Coolidge graduated at the University of Vermont in 1902 and then taught at the Clarke School for the Deaf, Northampton, Mass. Of the two children, John B. Coolidge, born in 1906, graduated at Amherst College in 1928; and Calvin Coolidge, jr., born in 1908, died in Wash 23. 1929, married Florence, daughter of Gov. John H. Trumbull of Connecticut. Hoyt. She was aided as mistress of the White House by her three children, Margaret W., Eleanor R., who there became the second wife of William G. McAdoo, Secretary of the Treasury under Wil-ington, July 7, 1924. John B. Coolidge, on Sept. son; and Jessie W., who also there married, Nov. 25, 1913, Francis B. Sayre, a lawyer, a member of the Pennsylvania family that has large coal and railroad properties. Mrs. Sayre died on Jan. 15, 1933, at Cambridge, Mass. The first Mrs. Wilson died in the White House in 1914. The second Mrs. Wilson, Edith Bolling of Wytheville, Va., widow of Norman Galt, a Washington jeweler, was born in 1872. One of three sisters, she inherited a fortune from her first husband, and was mistress of the White House during the last of the first and all of the second Wilson Administrations. She accompanied him to the Versailles Peace Conference, was his companion in all of his travels in Europe and the United States, and was with him when he was stricken in the West. Warren G. Harding, a Republican, was born at Corsica, O., Nov. 2, 1865, and died at San Francisco, Aug. 2, 1923. He was the son of Dr. George Tyron Harding and Phoebe Elizabeth Dickerson. He studied, 1879-1882, at Ohio Central College; in 1884 became connected with the Daily Star at Marion, O., and later owned and edited the paper, selling it shortly before his death. He was a Congregationalist. He served in the State Senate, 1900-1904; Lieutenant Governor of Ohio, 1904-1906; defeated for Governor in 1910; entered the U. S. Senate in 1915; elected President in 1920. The Limitation of Armament Conference was held under his invitation, at Washington, beginning on Nov. 11, 1921. Harding was tali, leisurely in movement, genial, and a pacifier: a Baptist. He was buried at Marion, O. His estate, exclusive of his newspaper, was officially appraised at $486,566. Mrs. Harding, Florence Kling, born Aug. 15, 1860, was a daughter of Amos O. Kling, a Marion, Ohio, hardware merchant and later a banker. Her family were Mennonites. Mrs. Harding's first husband was Henry DeWolfe, by whom she had a son, Marshall Eugene De Wolfe. Mrs. Harding died at Marion, Nov. 21, 1924. Almost all of her estate, estimated at $350,000, was left in trust to Marshall De Wolfe's children, Jean and George N. Calvin Coolidge, a Republican, was born at Plymouth, Vt., July 4, 1872, son of Col. John Calvin Coolidge, farmer and storekeeper (who died, aged Herbert Clark Hoover, a Republican, was descended from Andrew Hoover, born in Ellerstadt. the Palatinate, came to America in 1738, settling in Pennsylvania, later migrating to Maryland, and from there to North Carolina. His son, John Hoover, removed from North Carolina to Ohio. John Hoover's son, Jesse Hoover (1799-1856), settled at West Branch, Iowa, 1854, and was Herbert Hoover's great grandfather. His grandfather was Eli Hoover (1820-1892). His father, Jesse Clark Hoover (1847-1880), married Hulda Randall Minthorn (1848-1883). Herbert Hoover was born at West Branch, Iowa, Aug. 10, 1874. Herbert Hoover's ancestors were Quakers and such is he; his father was a blacksmith. Left an orphan in childhood, Herbert lived with his Uncle Allan on a farm in Iowa, later with an Uncle Laban Miles, Osage Indian Agent in Indian Territory, and then with a third uncle, John Minthorn at Newberg and Salem, Oregon. Herbert Hoover's education began in the public schools at West Branch, Iowa, and in Oregon, and was finished at Leland Stanford Junior University, which he entered when it first opened, in the fall of 1891. He specialized in engineering, and graduated in 1895. He married in 1899 Miss Lou Henry, daughter of Charles D. Henry, of Monterey, Calif. As an undergraduate he worked upon the Arkansas and the United States Geological Surveys, and in the mines in California. In 1896 he began his career as a mining engineer, and to 1914 was thus engaged, in this country, Australia, Africa. Europe, and Asia. At the outbreak of the war he was in Europe in furtherance of the participation of foreign governments in the celebration of the opening of the Panama Canal, to be held in San Francisco. With the declaration of war he was made Chairman of the American Relief Committee at London, and subsequently was the head of the Commission for Relief in Belgium; U. S. Food Administrator, Aug. 1917-June, 1919, member War Council, and various commissions. He was U. S. Secretary of Commerce, 1921-28; served in many other public capacities. Herbert Hoover in Feb., 1938, was quoted as saying, in response to an inquiry, that he did not take for his own personal use, any of the salary paid him while he was President, Secretary of Commerce, Food Administrator, or Director of the Belgian Relief Program. Part of the money went to charities, part to supplement salaries of persons who worked under him and to whom the government paid less than he thought they were worth. Mrs. Hoover was born at Waterloo, Iowa, on March 29, 1875, daughter of Charles D. Henry, a banker and man of means, who died in 1928. Because of the mother's poor health, the Henrys moved first to Whittier, in Los Angeles County, Calif., and then to Monterey, same state. Mrs. Hoover attended Stanford University, went, as a bride, in 1899, to China, and took part with her husband in the defense of Tientsin in the Boxer outbreak of 1900. The Hoovers have two children, Herbert Jr., and Allan. The former is married, and has children. Mrs. Hoover was brought up as an Episcopalian. She and her husband were married at Monterey at the Roman Catholic mission there. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born on the family estate at Hyde Park, N. Y., on the east side of the Hudson River on Jan. 30, 1882, son of James Roosevelt, who died Dec. 8, 1900, and of the later's wife, Sara Delano, who died Sept. 7. 1941, and a direct descendant in the eighth generation of Claes Martenszan van Rosenvelt, or Roosevelt, who arrived in New Amsterdam about 1649 from somewhere in Holland and married Jannetje Samuels. They died in 1660, leaving five minor children, the youngest of whom. Nicholas. baptized in New Amsterdam in September, 1658, settled at Esopus, now Kingston, and there married Heyltje Barentsen. In 1690 he was back in New York where he became an Alderman, first in 1700. and again in 1715. From Nicholas's second son, Johannus (born 1689 at Esopus), President Theodore Roosevelt was descended. From Nicholas's son Jacobus, or James (born 1692), the line runs to Franklin D. Roosevelt, through Isaac (born 1726), James (born 1760), Isaac (born 1790), who set up the family estate at Hyde Park, and James (born 1828; died Dec. 8, 1900). Roosevelt was graduated at Harvard in 1904. He attended Columbia Law School; took the Bar Examination, and was admitted to the bar. In 1910 he was elected as a Democrat to the State Senate from the Hyde Park (Dutchess County) district, and was re-elected in 1912, in which year he was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention, at Baltimore and supported the nomination of Woodrow Wilson, who, in 1913, appointed him Assistant Secretary of the Navy. He was in Europe on Army inspection July-Sept., 1918, and was there again in charge of demobilization of U. S. troops, Jan.-Feb., 1919. He is an Episcopalian. At the Democratic National Convention at San Francisco, in July, 1920, Roosevelt was nominated for vice-president on the ticket with James M. Cox of Ohio. Gov. Alfred E. Smith of New York made the seconding speech for him. After his defeat Roosevelt resumed the practice of law in New York City, and was until 1928 vice-president of the Fidelity and Deposit Co. of New York City. In August, 1921, while at his summer home at Campobello, New Brunswick, he was stricken with infantile paralysis, which left him with his legs paralyzed, but he finally discarded his crutches to walk with the use of canes and with steel braces fitted to his legs. The healing waters of Warm Springs, Ga., proved beneficial and he established the Foundation there to help sufferers without means to obtain treatment. He had been a tennis player and a swimmer. He was elected governor of New York State in 1928 and was re-elected in 1930. He offered Alfred E. Smith as the Democratic candidate, at the National Convention in 1924, at New York City, where the nomination finally went to John W. Davis, a Wall Street lawyer; and again, in 1928, at the Democratic National Convention at Houston, Tex. Roosevelt spoke in Smith's favor, calling him the "Happy Warrior." The nomination was accorded to Smith that time, but he was defeated, partly because, it was supposed, of the religious cry raised against him as a Roman Catholic. Smith's supporters threw his brown derby into the ring, for the third time, at the National Convention of 1932. at Chicago. They made a plea for his political vindication. The nomination was given to Roosevelt, on his record as Governor and because of a combination of delegates formed by William G. McAdoo, Secretary of the Treasury under Woodrow Wilson. McAdoo was himself a candidate. Roosevelt campaigned for the "Forgotten Man," and in his first administration laid the foundations fo his New Deal by liberal aid to the unemployed al over the country, through public works and by direct relief. He was renominated, and re-elected in 1936. He was renominated again in 1940 and elected the first President to be chosen for > third time. Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt-Before her marriage, on Mch. 17, 1905, she was Miss Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, of Tivoli, N. Y., the daughter of the late Elliott Roosevelt, younger brother of President Theodore Roosevelt. Mrs. Roosevelt was born in New York City, Oct. 11, 1884. She was educated in private schools and was given the honorary degree of D. H. L. by Russell Sage College in 1929. She taught in a private school for girls and has been active in educational, sociological and political affairs, and has made many speeches. She was financial chairman of the woman's division of the New York Democratic State Commission 1924-28, a member of the advisory committee in charge of Women's Activities, Democratic National Campaign committee, 1928, and vice-president of the New York State League of Women Voters. She plays tennis and likes outdoor life. The Roosevelts have five children and 10 grandchildren (July, 1940) The children are James, married, June 4, 1930, Miss Betsy Cushing. Elliott, married, Jan. 16, 1932, Miss Elizabeth B. Franklin D., Jr., married, June 30, 1937, Miss John A., married, June 18, 1938, Miss Anne L. Anna Eleanor, married, June 5, 1926, to Curtis A 12-acre tract on the Roosevelt estate, Hyde Park, N. Y., on the east side of the Hudson River, was deeded to the United States Government in July, 1939, as the site of a library to house more than 6,000,000 of the Chief Executive's documents and manuscripts, including his personal papers as State Senator, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Governor of New York and President. The building is of stone in Dutch colonial style. In 1933 the Equity and Law Life Assurance Society of London sold to the New York Stock Exchange firm of Jacquelin & De Coppet, a £60,000 policy on the life of President Roosevelt.' Henry Agard Wallace, Vice President Henry Agard Wallace, 52, of Des Moines, Iowa, elected Vice-President on Nov. 5, 1940, succeeding John Nance Garner, was born Oct. 7. 1888, in Adair County, Iowa, son of Henry C. Wallace, Secretary of Agriculture under Presidents Harding and Coolidge, and grandson of Henry Wallace, a farmer and Presbyterian minister. The lastnamed's father came from the north of Ireland late in the 18th century and settled in Pennsylvania. The new Vice-President and his father and grandfather owned a farm paper. Graduating at the Iowa State College in 1910, he at once engaged in the experimental as well as practical elements of agriculture, and, in addition to his editorial duties, took up astronomy and sociology. He was called a mystic by some of the New Dealers when he became the Secretary of Agriculture under F. D. Roosevelt in 1933. Soon thereafter he wrote a book. "America Must Choose," in which he said: "Much as we dislike them, the new types of social control we now have in operation are here to stay, and to grow on a world or national scale. We shall have to go on doing all these things we do not want to do In 1915 he was the first to devise a corn-hog ratio chart indicating the probable course of the market. "Agricultural Prices," a detailed study of factors causing fluctuation of prices, appeared in 1920. Although he was sponsor of the two Agricultural Adjustment Acts, the first of which was killed by the U. S. Supreme Court, he was credited by his political intimates with being personally cool to compulsory crop control, but the farmers pushed it through Congress. Mr. Wallace married, in 1914, Miss Ilo Browne. They have 3 children-Henry B., Robert B., and Miss Jean B. Wallace. The Vice-President is almost a six-footer, does not drink or smoke, has brown hair, ruddy face, blue eyes, and an ample voice. His vocabulary is stocked with Biblical quotations. |