59,517 1,717,593 438 2,143 259 143 CHIEF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN THE UNITED STATES, IN 1939-(Continued) Industry Industries reporting 10,000 to Millinery 1,050 Coats, sults, skirts (exc. fur) Cement.. 68,529,756 87 105.600.643 122 281,145,798 192,611,304 63 43 Logging camps (not sawmills) 967 Drugs and medicines (incl. grinding) 1.094 69,620,906 167 115,272,573 57 364,985,404 32 Paints, varnishes, lacquers.. 1,166 22,334 81 Wood products N. E. C... Wire drawn from purchased rods. Oven coke and coke-oven by prod. 83 21,008 90 Periodicals: publishing, printing 153.935.249 257,650,679 57,632,808 112 43 24 32,851,413 262 365,778.930 31 342,197,303 34 202,015,136 60 Women's, children's, infants' under CHIEF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN THE UNITED STATES, IN 1939-(Continued) Wage earners Cost of mater., etc. Value of products Industry No. No data for employees of central administrative offices are included. 442,966,5931 1,077,572,584 The 1939 Census of Manufactures questionnaire, for the first time, called for personnel employed in distribution, construction, etc., separately from the manufacturing employees of the plants, and therefore, the data probably are not strictly comparable. It is not known how many of the wage earners and the salaried employees reported for 1937 were engaged in distribution and construction and how many were engaged in manufacturing. Employees of the plants reportd as engaged in distribution and construction activities in 1939 are not included in this preliminary report but will be included in the final report. Pronts or losses cannot be calculated from the census figures because no data are collected for certain expense items, such as interest, rent, depreciation, taxes, insurance, and advertising. The aggregates for cost of materials and value of products include large but indeterminable amounts of duplication due to the use of the products of some industries as material by others. This duplication occurs, as a rule, between different industries, and is not found to any great extent in individual industries. Developed Water Power in the United States Source: Federal Power Commission; data are as of Jan. 1, 1941 Installed water-wheel capacity in previous years-(1926) 11,176,596; (1930) 13,807,778; (1935) 16,075,307; (1940) 18,500,254. Production of Electric Energy in the U. S. The installed capacity of electricity generating plants in 1939 (Dec. 31) (kilowatts) was: hydro, 11,415,165; steam, 28,046,948; internal combustion, 855,811; total-40,317,924 The installed capacity in 1939 (kilowatts) was thus divided: privately owned, 35,363,171 (of which electric utilities was 33,907,963); publicly owned, 4,954,753 (of which municipal utilities was 2.806,852). The average consumption of fuel per kilowatt-hour for 1939 was 1.39 pounds. This is based on the coal and coal equivalent of all oil and gas used and the output by all fuel plants except that produced by wood. These figures are 59,514,000 tons of fuel and 85,800,000,000 kilowatt-hours. Of the 1940 kw. hours (1,000) privately owned plants produced 127,642,231; federally owned, 5,289,885; municipal, 6,187,844; State projects, 1,175,417; non-central stations, 1,395,371. The total production of electric energy in the State of New York in 1940 (kilowatt hours) was 18,993,978,000, according to the Federal Power Commission. Residential users numbered 24,850,500 ($791,992,501); commercial. 4,175,198 ($729,581,139); industrial, 1,065,790 ($841,075,753). U. S.. Marriage and Divorce Information Source: World Almanac Questionnaire The following table shows, by States, the marriageable age for both males and females with and without consent of parents or guardians. But in almost every State the court has the authority to marry young couples below the ordinary age of consent, in an emergency, where due regard for their morals and welfare so requires. (a) Physician's venereal certificate necessary for male; void in 10 to 15 days, according to State. (b) Wassermann or similar standard laboratory blood test for both applicants. (bb) Serological test by both parties (c) In Oklahoma no venereal test is required, but if either person is infected a certificate should be procured from a physician, which failure carries a penalty and imprisonment. (d) No wait if both applicants are 21; if under 21 there is a wait of 5 days. (e) There is a 48-hour wait and license should be obtained by the contracting parties at least 24 hours prior to the time of the ceremony. license is valid for 30 days. The (2) For non-residents 96 hours; when one party is a resident 24 hours. No wait after obtaining license. (3) Twenty-four hours, but 3 days must elapse from time of examination and blood test. (4) There is a 5-day wait, after the license is issued, for non-resident women. (5) The law does not allow divorce for any cause. (6) Adultery is the only ground for absolute divorce. Residence is not necessary. (7) With or without consent, for men, 16; for women, 14. There is a 10 days delay in issuing a license unless parents or guardians give written consent to the marriage. To obtain a divorce 1 year of residence required, unless cause for divorce claimed takes place in the Islands. (8) Three clear days (not counting either day of application or day of issuance). Note--Common law prevails, 14 yrs, for male. 12 yrs. for female. Marriage Licenses-A license of some kind is 1 year 6 weeks required in every State and Territory, and marriage in the United States is now universally on a civilcontract basis. But religious ceremonies are authorized in all the States, provided there is a license to wed. Common-law marriages of a year or more duration, without either license or ceremony, are now validated by the courts in practically all the States. on proper proof, and where children or property are involved. In New York State, an amendment to the Domestic Relations law (in effect April 29, 1933) invalidates so-called common-law marriages entered into after that date. In New York State, also, it is required, under a 1929 law, that a female who is 14 but not 16 years of age must have the consent of a judge of the Children's Court in her jurisdiction (in addition to consent of parent or guardian) before she can marry. In many States, and in particular throughout the South, marriage between whites and Negroes is unlawful; marriage between whites and Indians is still forbidden in several southern States. In Arizona, by a law of 1931, a Malay or Filipino cannot lawfully marry a Caucasian. Causes for Divorce-In all the States but South Carolina the primary cause for divorce is adultery. In the Philippines it is the only cause for divorce. and it is necessary to prove a court conviction of adultery or of concubinage. Pregnancy of wife by other than husband at time of marriage is a stated cause in Alabama, Arizona, Georgia, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky. North Carolina. Oklahoma, Tennessee, Virginia and Wyoming. It is a cause for annulment in the other States when it is proved that the husband had no knowledge of the fact. Impotency, if unknown at time of marriage, is a stated cause in Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Alaska, and the Virgin Islands. In other States it is a ground for annulment. Desertion (abandonment) is a universally stated cause for divorce or separation. If existing for six months it is a sufficient cause in Hawaii. Desertion must be for one year in Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Alaska and Puerto Rico. Desertion must be for 2 years in Alabama, Delaware, District of Columbia, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia and the Virgin Islands. Desertion must be for 3 years in Connecticut, Georgia, Maine, Maryland,. Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Ohio, Texas and Vermont; also in Maryland when husband and wife have voluntarily lived separate and apart for 5 consecutive years. Desertion for 4 years is required in Louisiana; and for 5 years in Rhode Island. In New York the so-called Enoch Arden law provides for annulment of marriage for absence of either party for 5 successive years if unknown to be alive. Most of the States allow divorce or separation for mere absence for 5 years or more. Failure to provide support is another name for desertion. Cruelty, physical or mental, if aggravated, is a cause everywhere for divorce or separation; 80, also, is imprisonment for felony prior to and unknown to the suing party at time of marriage. And so, also, are continuing insanity, and habitual drunkenness. Most of the states make a distinction between divorce, and separation. The primary cause for annulment is fraud of some kind, manifested in concealment by one or the other party of a condition which, would have barred the marriage, such as insanity, impotency, blood infection, conviction of felony, prior undissolved marriage, and so forth. South Carolina began the movement which led to the organization of the Southern Confederacy by the adoption at Charleston (Dec. 20, 1860), by a convention of the people of the following ordinance of secession: "We, the people of the State of South Carolina, in convention assembled, do declare and ordain, and it is hereby declared and ordained, that the ordinance adopted by us in convention on the 23rd day of May, in the year of our Lord 1788, whereby the Constitution of the United States was ratified and also all acts and parts of the General Assembly of this State ratifying amendments of the said Constitution are hereby repealed; and that the Union now subsisting between South Carolina and other States under the name of the United States of America is hereby dissolved." December 24 the Convention adopted a declaration setting forth the cause of the secession of the State, and the Governor issued a proclamation announcing the action of the State. 84 to 15 " " Fla.. Ala.. Ga., 62 to 7 61 to 39 208 to 89 La., 113 to 17 Texas, 166 to 7 88 to 55 Acts of secession were adopted by the Legislatures 69 to 1 unanimous The congress of delegates from the seceding States met at Montgomery, Ala., (Feb. 4, 1861). and prepared a provisional Constitution of the Confederate States of America. This Constitution was discussed in detail and adopted (Feb. 8). On the next day an election was held for chief executive officers, and Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, was elected provisional President and Alexander H. Stephens, of Georgia, provisional VicePresident. The joint convention of the provincial Senate and House of Representatives counted (Feb. 19, 1861), the electoral vote for President and VicePresident. The number of States voting was 11: total electoral votes, 109; all of which were for Jefferson Davis and Alexander H. Stephens. President Davis was inaugurated in Montgomery, Ala. (Feb. 18, 1861), and again in Richmond. Va.. (Feb. 22, 1862). State-1861, of Robert Toombs, Secretaries Georgia; 1861, Robert M. T. Hunter, Virginia: 1862, Judah P. Benjamin, Louisiana. Secretaries of the Treasury-1861, C. G. Memminger, South Carolina; 1864, George A. Tren Postmasters-General-1861, Mississippi; 1861, John H. Reagan, Texas. Attorneys-General-1861, Judah P. Benjamin, Louisiana; 1861, Thomas Bragg, North Carolina; 1862, Thomas H. Watts, Alabama; 1864, George Davis, North Carolina. April 12, 1861, fire was opened by the South Carolina troops on Fort Sumter, Charleston Harbor. The following was the notification served on Major Robert Anderson, U.S.A., in command of the fort, by order of Brig.-Gen. Beauregard, C.S.A.: "Sir-By authority of Brig.-Gen. Beauregard, commanding the provisional forces of the Confederate States, we have the honor to notify you that he will open the fire of his batteries on Fort Sumter in one hour from this time. We have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servants, Aide-de-camp: "JAMES CHESTNUT, JR., STEPHEN D. LEE, Aide-de-camp." The refusal of Major Anderson to surrender prior to the receipt of the above note was as follows: "Fort Sumter, April 11, 1861. "General-I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication demanding the evacuation of this fort, and to say in reply thereto that it is a demand which I regret my sense of honor and my obligation to my government prevents my compliance. Thanking you for the fair and manly terms proposed and for the high compliment paid me, I am, General, very respectfully your obedient servant, "ROBERT ANDERSON, Major First Artillery Commanding." "Brig. Gen. Beauregard, Commanding Provisional Army. The last fight in the Civil War was at Palmetto Ranche, Texas, May 11, 1865. Gen. Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House, Va.. April 9, 1865. All the States were once more represented in both Houses of Congress of the United States May 23, 1872. Although South Carolina led the way into secession it was the overpowering States Rights sentiment in Georgia and North Carolina-in Georgia even more than in North Carolina-that rallied the others into the movement. From the foundation of the United States, Georgia had been foremost in standing up against the federal government when state's rights were involved. Joseph E. Brown was their chief champion at the outbreak of the Separatist movement. Georgia, according to some historians, was no more willing to subordinate her interests to the Confederate than to the Federal government, and her persistent recalcitrancy in the end contributed largely to the downfall of the Confederacy, it is asserted. |