RULERS OF THE WORLD (Continued) Country United States Uruguay Country Daylight Saving Time in Foreign Countries Clocks Advanced 1 hour June 1-Sept. 7, 1941 Egypt 1 hour Apr. 15-Sept. 5, 1941 Estonia (Same time as Moscow) Indefinitely *France (Unoccupied) 2 hours May 5, 1941 Germany 1 hour Indefinitely (Occupied France, Netherlands, Belgium and Denmark are on same time as Germany.) *Great Britain. 2 hours May 3-Aug. 9, 1941 .1 hour 1 hour April 7, 1941 Italy & The Vatican, 1 hour As a means of conversing power many countries in Europe have decided to continue daylight saving throughout the winter months during the war. In 1941 Clocks Advanced Lithuania (Same time as Moscow) Indefinitely | Country Mexico New Zealand. Norway Shanghai and Central China Slovakia 1 hour Indefinitely 1 hour March 16, 1941 1 hour April 8, 1941 Uruguay .30 minutes August 1 "Clocks have been advanced 1 hour since the Fall of 1940. Canadia, Quebec and Ontario continued daylight saving time throughout the winter pursuant to an order of the Power Controller. Sino-Japanese War A night clash between Japanese and Chinese | soldiers at Marco Polo bridge, just outside of Peiping (July 7, 1937), started an undeclared war in China that later developed into a Japanese campaign to set up a new economic order in Eastern Asia. After four years of fighting the Japanese had control of approximately 9,000,000 square miles of China with a population of 200,000,000, China's greatest ports and commercial cities. The Chinese army was estimated at 5,000,000, with 10,000,000 additional troops in training and 800,000 Chinese guerrillas operating against the Japanese. The Japanese forces were approximated at 1,000,000, holding a line 2,800 miles from north to south. Including Manchukuo, the fighting line of the Japanese was estimated at 8,000 miles. When the Japanese troops advance too far from their bases they run the risk of destruction of their lines of communications from the rear. Chinese guerrillas also operate close to some of the large cities held by the Japanese. The Japanese casualty toll for four years of fighting is estimated by China at 1,994,260 killed or wounded and 24,082 prisoners. The Chinese war minister, Gen. Ho Ying-chin, said that Japan had lost 336,000 men in the fighting during the twelve months ending May 31, 1941. Gen. Ho said that the Japanese had lost 12,322 tanks and armored cars, 1,838 field guns, 7,888 machine guns, 2,054 planes and 2,650 air force personnel killed. said there had been 6,272 separate clashes in the last year and that the only Chinese reverse was the loss of Foochow. On the other hand he reported China had regained the southern part of Kwangsi, the southernmost province. He The Tokio war office put the Japanese loss in lives at 109,250; China's losses at 2,015,000 lives and 1,800,000 wounded. The Japanese Finance Ministry puts its cost at 22,335,000,000 yen (nominal value slightly less than 25 cents.) Japanese military authorities say that China has lost 1,977 planes, 1,475 tanks and armored cars and other vehicles and 480,000 other arms. More than 50,000,000 Chinese have fled to new homes in the interior of the country. These Chinese have carried with them whole industrial cities with their machinery and have started new manufacturing areas. In China's coastal areas Japan has crippled or starved and driven out much of the third power trade and enterprise. Japanese occupied cities in China are partly ruined as a result of bombings and shellings preceding the capture and as a result of the Chinese "scorched earth" policy of leaving nothing of value behind for the invader. The Japanese forces captured (1937) Peiping. Tientsin, North China, Inner Mongolia, Shanghai, Nanking, the Lunghai railway region and the port of Amoy on the South China seacoast. Japanese forces captured (1938) Kiukiang, Yangtze river port, Hankow. China's capital after the fall of Nanking, and the great iron ore region of Central China. Canton, the rich port in South China, fell (Oct. 21, 1938) and then Japan began to consolidate its gains. Nanchang, in Central China, was captured by the Japanese (March 29, 1939). A Japanese naval landing party seized Swatow (June 21, 1939) and then blockaded Ningpo, Wenchow and Foochow. The Japanese controlled (Aug. 1939) all the important commercial ports of China in its campaign to cut off the supply of munitions from outside. Before the fall of Hankow, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek moved his capital to Chungking, in Szechwan province, 1,000 miles in the interior. Chungking was bombed repeatedly (1940) by Japanese air forces. The border of Manchukuo was the scene (1939) of frequent clashes between the land and air forces of Japan and Russia. There was fighting (July and August) at Changkufeng Hill near the borders of Manchukuo, Korea and Siberia that amounted to miniature war, with each side claiming overwhelming victories. Earlier (May, 1939) there had been clashes in the Lake Bor region in northwestern Manchukuo on the disputed border of Outer Mongolia. These frequent clashes immobilized large bodies of Japanese troops in watching the Russians. Russia and Japan signed an armistice (Sept. 16, 1939). Japan was in frequent conflict with foreign powers (1938-1939). although there were no such incidents as the sinking of the American gunboat Panay (1937) and the wounding of the British Ambassador to China (1937). Japanese air bombings led to many protests by the American and British Governments over the damage done to their nationals, missions and other properties. Japan applied restrictive measures to the trade of third powers in all occupied territory and ports and (May. 1939) warned that foreign craft suspected of transporting war materials to China would be halted and searched. The Yangtze river was closed to foreign commerce from Hankow to its mouth.. Many of the foreign protests to Tokio were based on the charges that Japan had infringed on the nine-power treaty and the open-door to trade in China. The nine-power treaty (signed Feb. 6, 1922) established the principle of equal opportunity for trade and industry to all nations in China. The United States served notice on Japan (July 26, 1939) that it would abrogate its treaty of commerce and navigation. Under the treaty's terms six months were necessary to elapse before the abrogation took effect. The six months' period expired (Jan. 26, 1940) and thereafter trade relations between the United States and Japan were on a day-to-day basis. An "All-China" Japanese-sponsored regime. headed by Wang-Ching-wei, former Chinese Premier, was proclaimed (March 30, 1940) at Nanking, China, dedicated to end the war and to establish a new economic relationship. Population and Area of Foreign States and Countries Source: Latest official sources and news dispatches Area, Popula- Asia British Empire... Europe. Italy 112,000 Kingdom 250.000 Europe. Italy 10.629 No. America. British Empire. 255,285 Algeria. Africa. France. 847,500 Capital or Chief 48,338 Aden 140,848 Rhodes 10,000,000 Kabul 1,003,124 Tirana 772,782 Edmonton 7,234,684 Algiers Andorra. Anhalt. Antigua. Europe. Fr.-Sp. Protect 191 Africa Portugal. 481,226 5,231 Andorra 3.484.300 Loanda Europe. Germany. 893 Asia. French Protect. 56,973 West Indies... British Empire. 108 Arabia. Arabia, Saudi Argentina. Armenia. Asia. 1.000.000 Asia.. Kingdom. 350,000 So. America. Republic 1,078,278 436,213 Dessau 5,989,302 Hue 34,523 St. John 10,000,000 5,250,000 Mecca 13,318,320 Buenos Aires Asia.. Soviet Republic. 11,580 1,109,200 Erivan Assam (India) Australia. Austria. Aust.-Hung. (pre-war). Azerbaijan.. Asia. British Empire.. 67,334 9.247.857 Shillong Oceania. British Empire.. 2.974,581 Europe. Germany.. 34,064 Europe. Emp. & King. 261,259 Asia. Russian Soviet. 32,956 Azores.. No. Atlantic. Portugal. 922 Baden.. Europe. Germany. 5,818 Bahamas. West Indies.. British Empire. 4,404 Bahrein Islands Asia.. Emirate 250 Balearic Isles Europe Spain.... 1,935 Bali and Lombok Asla.. Netherlands 3,973 1,802,683 Buleleng Baluchistan. Asia. British Empire. 134,638 Bangka. Asia. Netherlands. 4,610 Barbados. West Indies. British Empire. 166 Baroda (India) Asia.. Semi-Indep'd't. 8,164 2,443,007 Baroda Basutoland. Africa. British Empire. 11,716 Bavaria. Europe. Germany. 30,054 8,280,090 Munich Bechuanaland. Africa British Protect. 275,000 7.016,449 Canberra 7,009,014 Vienna 49,880,000 Vienna 2,891,000 Baku 253.935 Ponta Delgada 2,518,103 Karlsruhe 67,720 Nassau 120,000 Manama 868,617 Quetta 205.363 Batavia 195,548 Bridgetown 660,650 Meseru 265,756 Serowe Europe Kingdom.. 11,755 British Empire. 82,955 8,386,553 Brussels 51.087.338 Calcutta Bermuda.. No. America.. British Empire.. 19 Bhutan Asia. British Protect.. 18,000 Bihar and Orissa. Asia. British Empire. 111,702 42,329,583 Patna Billiton. Asia. Netherlands. 1.866 Bismarck Islands. Oceania. Australia. 90,000 Bohemia-Moravia Europe. German Prot 28,717 Bolivia... So. America... Republic. 537.792 31,661 Hamilton 300.000 Punakha 73,429 Batavia 666,000 Rabaul 3.426,296 La Paz 10,897,000 Prague (Praha) Bombay (Presidency) Asia. British Empire. 151,593 26,347,509 Bombay Bombay (prov.) Asia. British Empire.. 77,221 18,190,000 Bombay Borneo (Dutch).. Brazil.. Bremen. Borneo (Brit. North)... Bosnia, Herzegovina. Asía.. British Empire. 29,500 270,223 Sandakan Asia. Netherlands.. 208,285 2,168,661 Banjermasin Europe. Yugo-Slavia 19,768 3,275,510 Europe. British Columbia. No. America. British Empire. British Empire Empire 99 366,255 13,642,218 504,683,246 London Brunel. Asia. British Protect. 2,226 Brunswick. Europe Germany.. 1,418 Bulgaria.. Europe Kingdom. 42,808 Burma (India) Asia. British Empire.. 233,492 Cambodia. Asia. French Protect. 50,663 Cameroon (French) Africa. French Mand'te.. 166,489 Cameroons (British) Africa. British Mand'te.. 34.081 Canada.. Canary Isles. Cape of Good Hope. Cape Verde Isles.. No. America. No. Atlantic..Spain.. Africa British Empire. 3,694,863 Africa.. British Empire.. Portugal. 2,807 277,169 1,557 West Indies.. British Empire. 104 Asia.. Netherlands.. 72,886 Ceylon.. Chad Colony. Channel Islands Chile. Asia.. British Empire. 25,332 Africa. France. 461,202 Europe. British Empire. 75 So. America. Republic.. 296,717 China (ex. Manchukuo) Asia. Republic.. China (all) Asla. Republic. Chosen (Korea) Asia.. Japan.. 85,228 Cochin-China.. Asla.. French Colony. 26,476 Colombia. So. America. Republic. 448,794 1,889,929 Sarajevo 44.115.825 Rio de Janeiro 400,086 Bremen 761,000 Victoria 30,135 Brunei 599,208 Brunswick 6,549,664 Sofia 3,046,000 Pnom-penh 2,516,623 Yaounda 11,422,000 Ottawa 564,873 Santa Cruz 3,635,100 Cape Town 162,055 Porto Grande 6,182 Georgetown 4.231,906 Macassar 5,312,548 Colombo 1,432,006 Fort Lamy 93,205 St. Heliers 5,000,782 Santiago 2,903,475 422,707,868 Chungking (temp.) 4,480,992 457,835,475 Chungking (temp.) 22,899,038 Seoul (Keijo) 4.615,968 Saigon 9,334,392 Bogota 14,667,146 Rangoon Congo (Belgian) Africa. Belgium. 902,082 10,356,191 Kinshasa Congo (French) Costa Rica. Crete.. Croatia-Slovenia. Czecho-Slovakia. Dahomey. Dalmatia. So. America. Asia.. Africa. Europe. Africa. Europe. Africa.. France. 959,256 3,423,015 Brazzaville France 3,367 23,000 Europe. Greece. 3,330 Europe. Yugo-Slavia 16.920 West Indies. Republic.. 44,164 Netherlands 403 British Empire. 3,572 Italy 73,000 289,890 Ajaccio 616,000 San Jose 345,149 Candia 4,228,000 Havana 90,870 Willemstad 376,529 Nicosia 164,607 Bengazi 2.739,593 Zagaret (Agram) Republic 38,190 9,807,000 Praha France. 43,232 1,289,128 Porto Noro Yugo-Slavia 4,916 Free City. 754 Kingdom. 16,575 Dominican Republic. West Indies.. Republic.. 19,322 Ecuador. So. America.. Republic.. 275,936 621,429 Ragusa 415,000 Danzig 3.805.000 Copenhagen 1,616,561 Trujillo Cuidad 3,200,000 Quito Atrica. Kingdom. 383,000 15,920,703 Cairo The Berlin-Rome-Tokio Axis Germany, Japan and Italy signed in Berlin (Sept. 27, 1940) a ten-year military and economic treaty-the Treaty of Berlin-by which they pooled their totalitarian armaments and pledged to help one another against the United States if one of them becomes involved with America. The official English translation of the treaty follows: The governments of Germany, Italy and Japan, considering it as a condition precedent of any lasting peace that all nations of the world be given each its own proper place, have decided to stand by and cooperate with one another in regard to their efforts in Greater East Asia and regions of Europe respectively wherein it is their prime purpose to establish and maintain a new order of things calculated to promote the mutual prosperity and welfare of the peoples concerned. Furthermore, it is the desire of the three governments to extend cooperation to such nations in other spheres of the world as may be inclined to put fourth endeavors along lines similar to their own, in order that their ultimate aspirations for world peace may thus be realized. Accordingly, the governments of Germany, Italy and Japan have agreed as follows: Article One-Japan recognizes and respects the leadership of Germany and Italy in establishment of a new order in Europe. Article Two-Germany and Italy recognize and respect the leadership of Japan in the establishment of a new order in Greater East Asia. Article Three-Germany, Italy and Japan agree to cooperate in their efforts on aforesaid lines. They further undertake to assist one another with all political, economic and military means when one of the three contracting powers is attacked by a power at present not involved in the European war or in the Chinese-Japanese conflict. 4,230 Dawson 235,428 Zanzibar Article Four-With the view to implementing the present pact, joint technical commissions, members which are to be appointed by the respective governments of Germany, Italy and Japan, will meet without delay. Article Five-Germany, Italy and Japan affirm that the aforesaid terms do not in any way affect the political status which exists at present as between each of the three contracting parties and Soviet Russia. Article Six--The present pact shall come into effect immediately upon signature and shall remain in force ten years from the date of its coming into force. At the proper time before expiration of said term the high contracting parties shall at the request of any of them enter into negotiations for its renewal. In faith whereof, the undersigned, duly authorized by their respective governments, have signed this pact and have affixed hereto their signatures. Done in triplicate at Berlin, the 27th day of September, 1940, in the eighteenth year of the Fascist era, corresponding to the 27th day of the ninth month of the fifteenth year of Showa [the reign of Emperor Hirohito]. Hungary joined the Axis (Nov. 20, 1940), Rumania (Nov. 23) and Slovakia (Nov. 24). Bulgaria signed as a member (March 1, 1941). Yugoslavia attached its signature (March 25) with the provision that Axis troops should not march through the country and that its sovereignty and territorial integrity should be respected. The regime that signed the pact with the Axis was overthrown two days later and the new Cabinet did not ratify the agreement. The subjugation of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers followed. Croatia, carved from a part of vanquished Yugoslavia, joined the Axis (June 15, 1941) in a ceremony in Venice. The Average Father of 32,000,000 in the U. S. Statisticians of the Census Bureau picture the average of 32,000,000 fathers in the United States as follows: Age: 44. The odds are 9 to 1 that he is a married man living with his wife and has one to two children living at home. The rest of the fathers are mostly widowers and a very small sprinkling of divorced males. The chances are 3 to 2 that he will live in a city of 2,500 or more. The odds are 8 to 1 that he has a job in private or non-emergency work. If he works in an industrial establishment his yearly wage is about $1,100 or $1,200 a year. It is 9 to 1 he is white and 3 to 2 he is a native American whose parents were born here. He spends about $1.200 a year for family purchases in retail stores; he worries over a $480 annual tax bill. About 2,250,000 fathers each year have the thrill of a childbirth in the home, about 25,000 of which involve twins, 274 triplets and 2 quadruplets. One father in the United States has 27 children. |