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RULERS OF THE WORLD (Continued)

Country

United States

Uruguay
Vatican City,
State of.
Venezuela.
Yugoslavia..
Zanzibar.

Country
Cuba

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Daylight Saving Time in Foreign Countries

Clocks Advanced 1 hour June 1-Sept. 7, 1941 Egypt 1 hour Apr. 15-Sept. 5, 1941 Estonia (Same time as Moscow) Indefinitely *France (Unoccupied) 2 hours May 5, 1941 Germany

1 hour Indefinitely

(Occupied France, Netherlands, Belgium and Denmark are on same time as Germany.) *Great Britain.

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2 hours May 3-Aug. 9, 1941
April 7, 1941

.1 hour

1 hour

April 7, 1941
March 1, 1941
Indefinitely

Italy & The Vatican, 1 hour
Latvia (Same time as Moscow) Indefinitely

As a means of conversing power many countries in Europe have decided to continue daylight saving throughout the winter months during the war. In

1941

Clocks Advanced

Lithuania (Same time as Moscow) Indefinitely

| Country

Mexico

New Zealand.

Norway
Portugal

Shanghai and

Central China

Slovakia

1 hour Indefinitely
30 minutes Sept. 28, 1941
terminates April 26, 1942
1 hour Indefinitely
.1 hour April 5, 1941

1 hour

March 16, 1941 1 hour April 8, 1941 Uruguay .30 minutes August 1 "Clocks have been advanced 1 hour since the Fall of 1940.

Canadia, Quebec and Ontario continued daylight saving time throughout the winter pursuant to an order of the Power Controller.

Sino-Japanese War

A night clash between Japanese and Chinese | soldiers at Marco Polo bridge, just outside of Peiping (July 7, 1937), started an undeclared war in China that later developed into a Japanese campaign to set up a new economic order in Eastern Asia.

After four years of fighting the Japanese had control of approximately 9,000,000 square miles of China with a population of 200,000,000, China's greatest ports and commercial cities. The Chinese army was estimated at 5,000,000, with 10,000,000 additional troops in training and 800,000 Chinese guerrillas operating against the Japanese. The Japanese forces were approximated at 1,000,000, holding a line 2,800 miles from north to south. Including Manchukuo, the fighting line of the Japanese was estimated at 8,000 miles. When the Japanese troops advance too far from their bases they run the risk of destruction of their lines of communications from the rear. Chinese guerrillas also operate close to some of the large cities held by the Japanese.

The Japanese casualty toll for four years of fighting is estimated by China at 1,994,260 killed or wounded and 24,082 prisoners. The Chinese war minister, Gen. Ho Ying-chin, said that Japan had lost 336,000 men in the fighting during the twelve months ending May 31, 1941. Gen. Ho said that the Japanese had lost 12,322 tanks and armored cars, 1,838 field guns, 7,888 machine guns, 2,054 planes and 2,650 air force personnel killed. said there had been 6,272 separate clashes in the last year and that the only Chinese reverse was the loss of Foochow. On the other hand he reported China had regained the southern part of Kwangsi, the southernmost province.

He

The Tokio war office put the Japanese loss in lives at 109,250; China's losses at 2,015,000 lives and 1,800,000 wounded. The Japanese Finance Ministry puts its cost at 22,335,000,000 yen (nominal value slightly less than 25 cents.) Japanese military authorities say that China has lost 1,977 planes, 1,475 tanks and armored cars and other vehicles and 480,000 other arms.

More than 50,000,000 Chinese have fled to new homes in the interior of the country. These Chinese have carried with them whole industrial cities with their machinery and have started new manufacturing areas. In China's coastal areas Japan has crippled or starved and driven out much of the third power trade and enterprise.

Japanese occupied cities in China are partly ruined as a result of bombings and shellings preceding the capture and as a result of the Chinese "scorched earth" policy of leaving nothing of value behind for the invader.

The Japanese forces captured (1937) Peiping. Tientsin, North China, Inner Mongolia, Shanghai, Nanking, the Lunghai railway region and the port of Amoy on the South China seacoast. Japanese forces captured (1938) Kiukiang, Yangtze river port, Hankow. China's capital after the fall of

Nanking, and the great iron ore region of Central China. Canton, the rich port in South China, fell (Oct. 21, 1938) and then Japan began to consolidate its gains. Nanchang, in Central China, was captured by the Japanese (March 29, 1939).

A Japanese naval landing party seized Swatow (June 21, 1939) and then blockaded Ningpo, Wenchow and Foochow. The Japanese controlled (Aug. 1939) all the important commercial ports of China in its campaign to cut off the supply of munitions from outside.

Before the fall of Hankow, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek moved his capital to Chungking, in Szechwan province, 1,000 miles in the interior. Chungking was bombed repeatedly (1940) by Japanese air forces.

The border of Manchukuo was the scene (1939) of frequent clashes between the land and air forces of Japan and Russia. There was fighting (July and August) at Changkufeng Hill near the borders of Manchukuo, Korea and Siberia that amounted to miniature war, with each side claiming overwhelming victories. Earlier (May, 1939) there had been clashes in the Lake Bor region in northwestern Manchukuo on the disputed border of Outer Mongolia. These frequent clashes immobilized large bodies of Japanese troops in watching the Russians. Russia and Japan signed an armistice (Sept. 16, 1939).

Japan was in frequent conflict with foreign powers (1938-1939). although there were no such incidents as the sinking of the American gunboat Panay (1937) and the wounding of the British Ambassador to China (1937). Japanese air bombings led to many protests by the American and British Governments over the damage done to their nationals, missions and other properties. Japan applied restrictive measures to the trade of third powers in all occupied territory and ports and (May. 1939) warned that foreign craft suspected of transporting war materials to China would be halted and searched. The Yangtze river was closed to foreign commerce from Hankow to its mouth..

Many of the foreign protests to Tokio were based on the charges that Japan had infringed on the nine-power treaty and the open-door to trade in China. The nine-power treaty (signed Feb. 6, 1922) established the principle of equal opportunity for trade and industry to all nations in China. The United States served notice on Japan (July 26, 1939) that it would abrogate its treaty of commerce and navigation. Under the treaty's terms six months were necessary to elapse before the abrogation took effect. The six months' period expired (Jan. 26, 1940) and thereafter trade relations between the United States and Japan were on a day-to-day basis.

An "All-China" Japanese-sponsored regime. headed by Wang-Ching-wei, former Chinese Premier, was proclaimed (March 30, 1940) at Nanking, China, dedicated to end the war and to establish a new economic relationship.

Population and Area of Foreign States and Countries

Source: Latest official sources and news dispatches

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Area,
Square
Miles

Popula-
tion

Asia

British Empire...

Europe.
Asia..

Italy

112,000
1.035

Kingdom

250.000

Europe.

Italy

10.629

No. America.

British Empire.

255,285

Algeria.

Africa.

France.

847,500

Capital or Chief
City

48,338 Aden

140,848 Rhodes 10,000,000 Kabul 1,003,124 Tirana 772,782 Edmonton 7,234,684 Algiers

Andorra.
Angola..

Anhalt.
Annam

Antigua.

Europe.

Fr.-Sp. Protect

191

Africa

Portugal.

481,226

5,231 Andorra 3.484.300 Loanda

Europe.

Germany.

893

Asia.

French Protect.

56,973

West Indies...

British Empire.

108

Arabia.

Arabia, Saudi

Argentina.

Armenia.

Asia.

1.000.000

Asia..

Kingdom.

350,000

So. America.

Republic

1,078,278

436,213 Dessau

5,989,302 Hue

34,523 St. John

10,000,000

5,250,000 Mecca

13,318,320 Buenos Aires

Asia..

Soviet Republic.

11,580

1,109,200 Erivan

Assam (India)

Australia.

Austria.

Aust.-Hung. (pre-war).

Azerbaijan..

Asia.

British Empire..

67,334

9.247.857 Shillong

Oceania.

British Empire..

2.974,581

Europe.

Germany..

34,064

Europe.

Emp. & King.

261,259

Asia.

Russian Soviet.

32,956

Azores..

No. Atlantic.

Portugal.

922

Baden..

Europe.

Germany.

5,818

Bahamas.

West Indies..

British Empire.

4,404

Bahrein Islands

Asia..

Emirate

250

Balearic Isles

Europe

Spain....

1,935

Bali and Lombok

Asla..

Netherlands

3,973

1,802,683 Buleleng

Baluchistan.

Asia.

British Empire.

134,638

Bangka.

Asia.

Netherlands.

4,610

Barbados.

West Indies.

British Empire.

166

Baroda (India)

Asia..

Semi-Indep'd't.

8,164

2,443,007 Baroda

Basutoland.

Africa.

British Empire.

11,716

Bavaria.

Europe.

Germany.

30,054

8,280,090 Munich

Bechuanaland.

Africa

British Protect.

275,000

7.016,449 Canberra

7,009,014 Vienna 49,880,000 Vienna 2,891,000 Baku

253.935 Ponta Delgada 2,518,103 Karlsruhe

67,720 Nassau

120,000 Manama
376,735 Palma

868,617 Quetta

205.363 Batavia

195,548 Bridgetown

660,650 Meseru

265,756 Serowe

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Europe
Asia.

Kingdom..

11,755

British Empire.

82,955

8,386,553 Brussels 51.087.338 Calcutta

Bermuda..

No. America..

British Empire..

19

Bhutan

Asia.

British Protect..

18,000

Bihar and Orissa.

Asia.

British Empire.

111,702

42,329,583 Patna

Billiton.

Asia.

Netherlands.

1.866

Bismarck Islands.

Oceania.

Australia.

90,000

Bohemia-Moravia

Europe.

German Prot

28,717

Bolivia...

So. America...

Republic.

537.792

31,661 Hamilton 300.000 Punakha

73,429 Batavia

666,000 Rabaul

3.426,296 La Paz

10,897,000 Prague (Praha)

Bombay (Presidency)

Asia.

British Empire.

151,593

26,347,509 Bombay

Bombay (prov.)

Asia.

British Empire..

77,221

18,190,000 Bombay

Borneo (Dutch)..

Brazil..

Bremen.

Borneo (Brit. North)...

Bosnia, Herzegovina.

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Asía..

British Empire.

29,500

270,223 Sandakan

Asia.

Netherlands..

208,285

2,168,661 Banjermasin

Europe.

Yugo-Slavia

19,768

3,275,510

Europe.

British Columbia.

No. America.

British Empire.

British Empire

Empire

99 366,255 13,642,218

504,683,246 London

Brunel.

Asia.

British Protect.

2,226

Brunswick.

Europe

Germany..

1,418

Bulgaria..

Europe

Kingdom.

42,808

Burma (India)

Asia.

British Empire..

233,492

Cambodia.

Asia.

French Protect.

50,663

Cameroon (French)

Africa.

French Mand'te..

166,489

Cameroons (British)

Africa.

British Mand'te..

34.081

Canada..

Canary Isles.

Cape of Good Hope.

Cape Verde Isles..
Cayman Islands
Celebes...

No. America.

No. Atlantic..Spain..

Africa

British Empire.

3,694,863

Africa..

British Empire..

Portugal.

2,807 277,169 1,557

West Indies..

British Empire.

104

Asia..

Netherlands..

72,886

Ceylon..

Chad Colony.

Channel Islands

Chile.

Asia..

British Empire.

25,332

Africa.

France.

461,202

Europe.

British Empire.

75

So. America.

Republic..

296,717

China (ex. Manchukuo) Asia.

Republic..

China (all)

Asla.

Republic.

Chosen (Korea)

Asia..

Japan..

85,228

Cochin-China..

Asla..

French Colony.

26,476

Colombia.

So. America.

Republic.

448,794

1,889,929 Sarajevo

44.115.825 Rio de Janeiro

400,086 Bremen

761,000 Victoria

30,135 Brunei

599,208 Brunswick

6,549,664 Sofia

3,046,000 Pnom-penh

2,516,623 Yaounda
868,637 Buca

11,422,000 Ottawa

564,873 Santa Cruz 3,635,100 Cape Town 162,055 Porto Grande 6,182 Georgetown 4.231,906 Macassar

5,312,548 Colombo

1,432,006 Fort Lamy

93,205 St. Heliers 5,000,782 Santiago

2,903,475 422,707,868 Chungking (temp.)

4,480,992 457,835,475 Chungking (temp.)

22,899,038 Seoul (Keijo)

4.615,968 Saigon

9,334,392 Bogota

14,667,146 Rangoon

Congo (Belgian)

Africa.

Belgium.

902,082

10,356,191 Kinshasa

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Congo (French)
Corsica.

Costa Rica.

Crete..

Croatia-Slovenia.

Czecho-Slovakia.

Dahomey.

Dalmatia.

So. America.

Asia..

Africa.

Europe.

Africa.

Europe.
Europe.

Africa..

France.

959,256

3,423,015 Brazzaville

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France
Republic.

3,367

23,000

Europe.

Greece.

3,330

Europe.

Yugo-Slavia

16.920

West Indies.

Republic..

44,164

Netherlands

403

British Empire.

3,572

Italy

73,000

289,890 Ajaccio

616,000 San Jose

345,149 Candia

4,228,000 Havana

90,870 Willemstad

376,529 Nicosia

164,607 Bengazi

2.739,593 Zagaret (Agram)

Republic

38,190

9,807,000 Praha

France.

43,232

1,289,128 Porto Noro

Yugo-Slavia

4,916

Free City.

754

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Kingdom.

16,575

Dominican Republic.

West Indies..

Republic..

19,322

Ecuador.

So. America..

Republic..

275,936

621,429 Ragusa

415,000 Danzig

3.805.000 Copenhagen

1,616,561 Trujillo Cuidad

3,200,000 Quito

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Atrica.

Kingdom.

383,000

15,920,703 Cairo

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The Berlin-Rome-Tokio Axis

Germany, Japan and Italy signed in Berlin (Sept. 27, 1940) a ten-year military and economic treaty-the Treaty of Berlin-by which they pooled their totalitarian armaments and pledged to help one another against the United States if one of them becomes involved with America. The official English translation of the treaty follows:

The governments of Germany, Italy and Japan, considering it as a condition precedent of any lasting peace that all nations of the world be given each its own proper place, have decided to stand by and cooperate with one another in regard to their efforts in Greater East Asia and regions of Europe respectively wherein it is their prime purpose to establish and maintain a new order of things calculated to promote the mutual prosperity and welfare of the peoples concerned.

Furthermore, it is the desire of the three governments to extend cooperation to such nations in other spheres of the world as may be inclined to put fourth endeavors along lines similar to their own, in order that their ultimate aspirations for world peace may thus be realized.

Accordingly, the governments of Germany, Italy and Japan have agreed as follows:

Article One-Japan recognizes and respects the leadership of Germany and Italy in establishment of a new order in Europe.

Article Two-Germany and Italy recognize and respect the leadership of Japan in the establishment of a new order in Greater East Asia.

Article Three-Germany, Italy and Japan agree to cooperate in their efforts on aforesaid lines. They further undertake to assist one another with all political, economic and military means when one of the three contracting powers is attacked by a power at present not involved in the European war or in the Chinese-Japanese conflict.

4,230 Dawson 235,428 Zanzibar

Article Four-With the view to implementing the present pact, joint technical commissions, members which are to be appointed by the respective governments of Germany, Italy and Japan, will meet without delay.

Article Five-Germany, Italy and Japan affirm that the aforesaid terms do not in any way affect the political status which exists at present as between each of the three contracting parties and Soviet Russia.

Article Six--The present pact shall come into effect immediately upon signature and shall remain in force ten years from the date of its coming into force. At the proper time before expiration of said term the high contracting parties shall at the request of any of them enter into negotiations for its renewal.

In faith whereof, the undersigned, duly authorized by their respective governments, have signed this pact and have affixed hereto their signatures.

Done in triplicate at Berlin, the 27th day of September, 1940, in the eighteenth year of the Fascist era, corresponding to the 27th day of the ninth month of the fifteenth year of Showa [the reign of Emperor Hirohito].

Hungary joined the Axis (Nov. 20, 1940), Rumania (Nov. 23) and Slovakia (Nov. 24). Bulgaria signed as a member (March 1, 1941). Yugoslavia attached its signature (March 25) with the provision that Axis troops should not march through the country and that its sovereignty and territorial integrity should be respected. The regime that signed the pact with the Axis was overthrown two days later and the new Cabinet did not ratify the agreement. The subjugation of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers followed. Croatia, carved from a part of vanquished Yugoslavia, joined the Axis (June 15, 1941) in a ceremony in Venice.

The Average Father of 32,000,000 in the U. S.

Statisticians of the Census Bureau picture the average of 32,000,000 fathers in the United States as follows:

Age: 44.

The odds are 9 to 1 that he is a married man living with his wife and has one to two children living at home. The rest of the fathers are mostly widowers and a very small sprinkling of divorced males.

The chances are 3 to 2 that he will live in a city of 2,500 or more.

The odds are 8 to 1 that he has a job in private

or non-emergency work.

If he works in an industrial establishment his yearly wage is about $1,100 or $1,200 a year. It is 9 to 1 he is white and 3 to 2 he is a native American whose parents were born here. He spends about $1.200 a year for family purchases in retail stores; he worries over a $480 annual tax bill.

About 2,250,000 fathers each year have the thrill of a childbirth in the home, about 25,000 of which involve twins, 274 triplets and 2 quadruplets.

One father in the United States has 27 children.

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