158 Astronomical-Time Conversions; The Calendar in Standard Time for Cities in the U. S. (How to ascertain the same for 120 United States cities from Local Mean Time Calendar on the twelve monthly calendar pages immediately preceding) Use Calendar for Use Calendar for Use Calendar for Boston Use Calendar for Connecticut M. M. M. California (Central) Alabama San Fran.....add 10 Pe Mobile.. ..sub 8 Cr Colorado Montgomery..sub 15 @ 0 M 1 Ce Delaware 2 E New Haven...sub Illinois Indiana 8 E Col. Springs.. Evansville....sub 10 Cg Wilmington...add Dist. of Columbia Washington...add Kansas Missouri Hot Springs.. add 12 Cb California (Southern) (Florida Jacksonville..add 27 EI Key West....add 27 Eh Miami.......add 21 Eb Georgia 6 E Atlanta.. 9 C Augusta. Jefferson City.add .add 38 Eb ..add 28 E add 34 E Savannah....add 24 E Louisiana Shreveport...add 15 C New Orleans.. 1 P 2 E 1 Eb North Carolina Oklahoma Mississippi Jackson......add 1 C Vicksburg....add 3 C New Mexico 4 Mc South Carolina Charleston...add 20 E Muskogee....add 21 Cg Columbia....add 24 Eb Okla. City....add 30 Cg Utah Salt Lake.....add 28 Mb Memphis. Norfolk Virginia West Virginia Tennessee 0 Ce Nashville.....sub 13 Cc Texas Austin. .add 31 Cf add 27 C .add 6 M Galveston....add 19 Cr 1 M Wheeling..... add 22 Eb San Antonio. .add 34 Cf WITH NEW YORK CITY AS AN EXAMPLE Central, Mountain or Pacific, according as the letter indicates that in case of sunrise and sunset, letter E, C, M or P is found in the table. A small a correction for latitude is advisable, which correction is to be found in the table below, in the column headed by the small letter and on line with the date. CORRECTION TO SUNRISE M M M M add 8 add 17 sub 15. add 4 add 7 add 14 sub add 3 add add 11 sub 15 add 2 add 4 add 8 sub 2 March 1 add 1 add 2 add 4 sub 15 0 add 1 sub 3 add 15 sub 2 sub 4 sub 7 add 2 sub sub 6 433210120 sub 11 add 3 add 4 15 sub 4 add 6 sub 7 add 11 sub 15 ade 4 add 6 sub sub 8 add 8 add 16 sub 18 add 4 add 7 add 9 add 17 15 sub sub 9 sub 19 add 4 add 7 add 9 July add 18 1 sub sub sub 19 add 4 add 7 add 9 15 add 17 sub sub sub 3 sub 15 sub sub sub sub 3 8763 sub 17 add 4 add 6 add 8 add 16 sub 14 add 3 add 6 add 7 sub 10 add 3 add 5 sub 6 add 2 add 3 15 sub sub sub 2 add 1 add 1 add 5 0 add 1 add 1 0 sub 1 15 add sub 1 add 3 add 5 sub 3 add 2 sub add 5 add 9 sub sub sub 15. add 3 add 8 add 13 sub sub add 4 add 4 add 8 add 16 sub 6 sub add 8 add 17 sub 4 sub 7 sub 9 sub 16 NOTE The same correction is applied to sunset as to sunrise, but in the opposite way; subtracted instead of added and vice versa. Ready-Reference Calendar For ascertaining any Day of the Week for any given Date within Two Hundred Years from the introduction of the New Style, 1752 to 2000 inclusive 16 Wednesday 16 Thursday 16 Friday 17 Friday 18 Thursday 18 Friday 18 Saturday 19 Friday 19 Saturday 19 SUNDAY 19 Monday 20 SUNDAY 20 Monday 20 Saturday 22 Monday 23 Tuesday 22 Tuesday 17 Tuesday 18 Wednesday 20 Friday 19 Wednesday 19 Thursday 21 Friday 20 Tuesday 20 Wednesday 20 Thursday 21 SUNDAY 21 Monday 21 Tuesday 21 Wednesday 21 Thursday 22 Wednesday 22 Thursday 22 Friday 23 Wednesday 23 Thursday 23 Friday 23 Saturday 24 Wednesday 24 Thursday 24 Friday 24 Saturday 24 SUNDAY 25 Saturday 25 SUNDAY 25 Monday 26 Monday 26 Tuesday 27 Tuesday 27 Wednesday 27 Thursday 28 Tuesday 28 Wednesday 28 Thursday 29 Tuesday 29 Wednesday 29 Thursday 29 Friday 30 Wednesday 30 Thursday 30 Friday 30 Saturday 31 Wednesday 31 Thursday 31 Friday 31 Saturday 131 SUNDAY 21 Saturday 26 Wednesday 26 Thursday 27 Friday 28 Friday 28 Saturday 29 Saturday 29 SUNDAY 30 SUNDAY 30 Monday 31 Monday 31 Tuesday How to use the Ready Reference Calendar-To ascertain any day of the week, first look in the table for the year required, and under the months are figures which refer to the corresponding figures at the head of the columns of days below. For Example: To know on what day of the week July 4, 1918, fell, look in the table of years for 1918, and in a parallel line under July is figure 1, which directs to column 1 in which it will be seen that July 4 fell on Thursday. In leap years the month of February has 29 days. Church Fasts The Roman Catholic Days of obligation are: Jan. 1 (Circumcision of Christ); Ascension Day (forty days after Easter Sunday); Aug. 15 (Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary); Nov. 1 (All Saints' Day Dec. 8 (Immaculate Conception); Dec. 25 (Cnristmas), and all the Sundays of the year. The Roman Catholic canon law prescribes abstinence for every Friday of the year. Abstinence and fast together are to be observed on Ash Wednesday, the Wednesdays and Fridays of Lent (in the United States), the Ember Days, the Vigils of Pentecost, the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the feast of All Saints, and the Nativity of Our Lord. The law of fast alone is prescribed for all the remaining days of Lent except Sundays. In the American Episcopal Church the days of fasting or abstinence to be observed, according to the Book of Common Prayer, are the forty days of Lent, the Ember Days, and all the Fridays of the year except Christmas Day and the Epiphany. The three Rogation Days are days of Solemn Supplication. In the Greek Church the four principal fasts are those in Lent, the week succeeding Whitsuntide, the fortnight before the Assumption, and forty days before Christmas. Ember and Rogation Days are certain periods of the year devoted to prayer and fasting. Ember Days (twelve annually), about the beginning of the four seasons, are the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday after the first Sunday in Lent, in Spring; after the feast of the Pentecost (Whitsunday), Summer; after the festival of the Holy Cross, Sept. 14, Autumn, and after the festival of St. Lucia, Dec. 13, Winter, Ember Weeks are the weeks in which the Ember Days appear. Ember Days in 1942 are Feb. 25, 27, 28; May 27. 29, 30; Sept. 16, 18, 19; Dec. 16, 18, 19. Rogation Days occur on Monday. Tuesday and Wednesday immediately preceding Ascension Day. and in 1942 fall on May 11, 12, 13. Jewish Holidays, Festivals and Fasts Purim Purim (Leap Year) Adar S. Oct. Th. Oct. Th. Oct. 23 Oct. 18 Tu. Oct. 6 F. Oct. 25 Dec. 18 Su. Dec. 7 Th. Dec. 10 Jan. 1 Su. Dec. 22 F. Jan. 14 Mar. 5 Su. Mar. 3 Th Sept. 5 S. Sept. 12 S. Oct. 1941-42 Sept. 12 8. Sept. 14 M. 1 W. Sept. 21 M. 17 Th Oct. 6 M. 24 Th Oct. 13 M. Sept. 26 S. 3 S. 4 Su. 4 F. 14 Tu. Oct. Adar Sheni 14 Passover, 1st Day Nisan Passover, 7th Day. Nisan Passover, Last Day Nisan Shebuoth Feast of Weeks Sivan Fast of Tammuz*. Fast of Abh* Tammuz 12. S. Apr. 22 F. June 9 W. Mar. 24 Su. 15 Apr. 4 Tu. April 23 Tu. Apr. 21 Apr. 10 M. April 29 M. Apr. 22 Apr. 11 Tu. April 30 Tu. Apr. 6 May 24 W. June 12 W. June 17 July 4 Tu. July 23 Tu. July 2 Th. July 20 Tu 9 July 25 Tu. Aug. 13 Tu. Aug. 23 Th. Aug. 10 Tu. The months of the Jewish year are: 1 Tishri; *If Saturday, substitute Sunday immediately fol2 Chesvan (Also Marcheshvan); 3 Kislev; 4 Tebet lowing. Yom Kippur. All Jewish holidays, etc., (Also Tebeth); 5 Sebat (Also Shebhat); 6 Adar; 6a, begin at sunset on the day previous to that given added month some years, Adar Sheni; 7 Nisan; 8 Iyar; 9 Sivan; 10 Tammuz; 11 Abh; 12 Elul. in the table. The The sun, which has a diameter of 864,100 miles, and is distant, on the average, 92,900,000 miles from the earth, is supposed to be about 112 times as dense as water. The light of the sun reaches the earth in 498.7 seconds, or somewhere more than 8 minutes. The average surface solar temperature has been estimated at 6,000 degrees, centigrade, equal to 10,832 degrees, Fahrenheit. But against this estimate is the fact that hydrogen and helium which astronomers guess abound on the sun, require a higher temperature before they emit brilliant lights. Harvard astronomers announced in May, 1937, that they had found a temperature drop of 1,500 degrees (centigrade) between the surface of the sun and its overlying atmosphere. Twilight on the spectroscope forms a continuous bright spectrum composed of all the colors of the rainbow, crossed by dark lines. This leads to the belief that most of the earthly elements-iron, copper, sodium, etc. are also in the sun, and are vaporized into light by intense heat, mingling with the so-called permanent gases such as hydrogen. oxygen and helium. Sun The radiating surface of the sun is called the photosphere, and just above it is the chromosphere. which is a kind of atmosphere in a constant state of agitation, as if stirred by spouting gases. The chromosphere is visible only during a total eclipse, and looks like a reddish layer with flaming prominences here and there. Above the chromosphere is the corona also visible only at the time of a total eclipse. Its pearly light surges as far, in places, as 1,000,000 miles or more. The corona, in the opinion of astronomers, probably always is visible at points outside the atmosphere of the earth. The composition of the corona is unknown. In the spectrum it is manifested by a green line, possibly due to an unidentified element. There may be an intimate connection between sun spots and the corona. Sun spots are dark, cloud-like regions from 500 to 50,000 miles in diameter which last from a day to a week, and increase in number in 11-year cycles. The sun sends out 400,000 times as much light as the moon, and 90 million times as much as the star Aldebaran. |