brands and marks of his military wagon horses, Nelly, Bull, Jack, etc.

Some of these picturesque notes run as follows:

"8 June 1757. Get the Prices of all the Soldiers Clothg from Colo Carlyle-with a reasonable advance: and give it to each Captain with Orders to examine his Company's necessary Roll once a Week (every Saturd'y) with't fail and to make stopages for every thing difficient besides punishing the Soldiers for neglect of Duty. this to be done before they are paid. . . . Write the Governor that Capt'n Paris has got a Commission in the Maryland Force-That Gove'r Denny has sent Invitations to the Cherokees to treat with him at Fort Loudoun in his Govt That I am apprehensive the diff't Colonies striving against each other must be bad. "Also know how far and in what points I am to pay Obedience to the Orders of Colo Stanwix & if it should happen that I receive Orders from himself & Col Stanwix differing (which is not unlikely) whose Orders I am to Obey ... Take care also to acquaint the Gov'r ab't the bad Provisions at Fort Cumberland . . . There has been foul play us'd with it.

"June 13th-Draughts. Not to receive any but what is fit for the Service. reject all that are old-Subject to Fits -and otherwise infirm.

"I have wrote twice to Colo. Stanwix ab't Arms, but he takes no notice thereof in his Letters to me from whence I imagine he is not inclin'd to furnish us with any-We shall want Arms much.

"Memorandom of Sundry things to be done in Williamsburg if I go down in November

"Get my acc'ts with the Governor & Commit settled. Get some Tea-Hyson . . . Is all the Parties of Ind❜ns to be furnished with Ammunition from ye Publick Stores here. . . Unless Troops March out in ye Spring there

wont be one Inhabit. left in this County-the People hav been perswaded to wait ye event of ye Spring.

"If this County brakes ye others will go (being much thinner settled) infinitely faster & then an Army can never be supported."

In this same book is a recipe in his hand for brewing something to quiet his nerves.

Early in 1926, during an agitation concerning the prohibition law, a number of newspapers reprinted this document; and a Southern congressman noted both for his ardent support of the Eighteenth Amendment and of the traditional Washington, advocated the prosecution of the newspapers, who violated the law against the publication of recipes for intoxicating liquors. Since none of the newspapers were haled into court, it may be safe to reproduce it here as an historical evidence of how far the nation has travelled since 1757:

"To make Small Beer

"Take a large Siffer full of Bran Hops to your Taste.Boil these 3 hours then strain out 30 Gall❜ns into a Cooler put in 3 Gall'ns Molasses while the Beer is Scalding hot or rather draw the Mellasses into the Cooler & Stain the Beer on it while boiling Hot. let this stand till it is little more than Blood warm then put in a quart of Yeat if the Weather is very Cold cover it over with a Blank [et] & let it Work in the Cooler 24 hours then put it into the Cask-leave the Bung open till it is almost don Working-Bottle it that day Week it was Brewed."

His business affairs and the threat of litigation over Mount Vernon alarmed him so that he asked leave of absence for a brief trip home.

Both Stanwix and Dinwiddie expressed amazement at his wanting to abandon his post at such a time. He was accused

of keeping too large and expensive a retinue-more than Colonel Stanwix had.

He wanted a regular pension allotted to all wounded soldiers to save them from having to come down individually and petition the Assembly for service."1 No heed was paid to his plea.

He was still begging for power to punish offenders and deserters. He wanted blank warrants so that he could execute the court-martial sentences. Out of 400 drafted men, 114 had deserted. He wrote to Colonel Stanwix, July 15, 1757:

"I have a Gallows near 40 feet high erected (which has terrified the rest exceedingly) and I am determined if I can be justified in the proceeding, to hang two or three on it, as an example to others." 22

A fortnight later:

"Two were hanged on Thursday last." 23

He apologized to Dinwiddie for "hanging instead of shooting them. It conveyed much more terror to others, and it was for example sake that we did it."

He begged again for permission to go to Mount Vernon for twelve or fourteen days "because the first of August is the time appointed for the meeting of the executors (of which I am one) of an estate that I am much interested in a dividend of, and have suffered already by the unsettled state it has remained in."

One thing Washington could never be justly accused of: thinking that a preposition is a bad word to end a phrase with.

They had the poor man so put upon, so denied his liberty, that he was all but insane with frustration, helplessness and disgrace.

A

XXI

HE LOSES ANOTHER SWEETHEART

T this time came an accusation of another sort of cowardice. When he had left New York and Mary

Philipse, he had evidently confided his love to Joseph Chew, a friend of aforetime, now living in Connecticut; and had asked to be kept in touch with affairs in New York. He had not forgotten Mary Philipse. He still had hopes of her.

Whether he ever told Sally Fairfax about his New York courtship or not, there is no evidence. He was still on excellent terms, as always, with Sally's husband, Colonel George William Fairfax. When he rode up to Philadelphia to meet Lord Loudoun he must have carried with him a letter from Fairfax to Governor Dinwiddie; for March 2, 1757, Dinwiddie wrote to Fairfax about his absence, beginning, "I rec'd Y'r L're by Colo Washington," and ending, "my Comp'ts to all the agreeable Family." 1

1

While Washington was in Philadelphia he had learned from Joseph Chew that "Polly" Philipse had not yet been conquered by Capt. Roger Morris, for Chew wrote him:

"I am now at Mr. Robinson's, he Mrs. Robinson and his Dear Little Family are all well they desire their Compliments to you. Pretty Miss Polly is in the same Condition & situation as you saw her.

Washington must have been kindled by the good word that Polly was still single and must have written to Chew to reconnoiter and spy out how the land lay, for Chew

wrote to him on July 13, 1757, in evident response to some anxious letter that has, alas, disappeared:

"As to the Latter part of your Letter what shall I say. I often had the Pleasure of Breakfasting with the Charming Polly, Roger Morris was there (dont be startled) but not always, you know him he is a Ladys man, always something to say, the Town talk't of it as a sure & settled Affair. I can't say I think so and that I much doubt it, but assure you had Little Acquaintance with Mr. Morris and only slightly hinted it to Miss Polly; but how can you be Excused to Continue so long at Phila.

"I think I should have made a kind of Flying march of it if it had been only to have seen whether the Works were sufficient to withstand a Vigorous Attack, you a Soldier and a Lover, mind I have been arguing for my own Interest now for had you taken this method then I should have had the Pleasure of seeing you-my Paper is almost full and I am Convinced you will be heartily tyred in Reading it— however will just add that I intend to set out tomorrow for New York where I will not be wanting to let Miss Polly know the sincere Regard a Friend of mine has for her. and I am sure if she had my Eyes to see thro she would Prefer him to all others. . ."

Everybody was scolding Washington for lack of courage. In August, Chew mentions Polly Philipse again:

"... I arrived here a few days agoe Mrs. Robinson & her Dear little Family are well. Miss Polly has had a pain in her Face but is on the mendg hand."

There is uncertainty about the pain in Washington's heart. The English descendants of Mary Philipse claim that Washington did propose eventually. In an article on Mary Philipse, Mrs. Amherst Morris says:

"Mr. Chew's letter had the desired effect, and Washington set out for New York, arriving there one winter's