Robert Fergusson in his Hame Content speaks of Bonny Tweed As clear as ony lammer bead." LAMPONE, the raspberry, stands for LAMPIONE, il ampone. Compare Piedmont. ampola, Comasque ampoi, from Swiss ombeer (Diez). LAMPOURDAN, a district of which the chief town was called in Latin Emporia (markets) and in French Ampouries, was formerly named l'Ampourdan, but is now le Lampourdan (Génin, Récréat. Philolog. i. 103). LANDIER (Fr.), an andiron, stands for l'andier, from old Fr. andier, old Eng. aundyre, Low Lat. anderia. LANDIT (Fr.), a fair, stands for l'endit, from Lat. indictum (forum), a market opened by proclamation. LAPOTE, a Creole word for a door (Trinidad), is from Fr. la porte, regarded as one word (J. J. Thomas). Similarly nomme, a man, is for un homme, and mounonque, an uncle, for mon oncle. LA POUILLE, the French form of Apulia, for l'Apule. LARCH, Sp. alerce, It. larice, Lat. laricem, Greek larix, apparently from Arab. al-arz or el-arz, "the-cedar," Heb. erez, cedar. LARIGOT (Fr.), a pipe, for l'arigot or l'harigot (perhaps from Lat. arinca), according to Scheler; but see ARIGOT. LARUM, a noisy summons or call to arms, is from alarum, another form of alarm (Fr. alarme, It. all' arme! to to arms!), perhaps understood as a larum. Then shall we hear their larum. Shakespeare, Coriol. i. 4, 9. LA SOLFA (It.), the gamut, where la is understood as the article, is properly the three last syllables of Guido's notation, ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, taken in reversed order (Diez). Those syllables were arbitrarily selected by Guido from this verse of a Latin hymn to St. John : Ut queant laxis resonare fibris Sancte Joannes. LASTRA (It.), a stone-slab or flag, LENGUE Sp. lastre, has been formed, by prefixing the article, from old Fr. astre, aistre, s hearthstone (Mod. Fr. âtre), Low Lat. astrum, old and prov. Eng. aistre, estre, a hearth (Diez). But see Garnett, Philolog. Essays, p. 30. LAVOLTA, the name of an old dance, apparently something like the modern waltz, is Fr. la volta, from It. volta, s turning round [Lat. voluta, from vol vere]; "a kind of turning french dance called a Volta."-Florio. Com pare waltz, from Ger. walzen, to revolve. Yet is there one, the most delightful kind, Sir J. Davies, Orchestra, 1622, st. 70. LEEWAN, the raised part of a khan for persons to sit on (Farrar, Life of Christ, i. 4), is for el-eewán. LEMBIC or limbeck (see Nares), a frequent old form of alembic (Fr. and Sp. alambique, from Arab. al-anbik, “thestill "), understood as a lembic. But compare Portg. lambique, It. lambicco. Imperfect creatures with helms of limbecks on their heads.-B. Jonson, Mercury Vindicated (Works, p. 596). Memory, the warder of the brain, Shall be a fume, and the receipt of reason A limbeck only. Macbeth, i. 7, 67. LEMFEG, a Wiltshire word for a fig, is for " Elleme fig" (E. D. Soc. Reprints, B. 19). LENDEMAIN (Fr.), formed by coalescence of the article from le endemain, an extended form of demain. LENGUE (Mod. Provençal) is for l'engue (Fr. l'aine), Sp. engle, from Lat. inguen (Scheler). LERO (It.), vetches, stands for l'ervo, from Lat. ervum (Diez). LÉVIER (Fr.), a sink, always now spoken of in Paris as le lévier or un lévier, was formerly in old French l'évier or esvier, from old Fr. ève, water, Lat. aqua (Agnel, Influence de Lang. Pop. p. 99; Génin, i. 103). See under SHORE, p. 354. LIARD, a brazen coyne worth three deniers" (Cotgrave), is the South Fr. li hardi, Sp. ardite, from Basque ardita, which is from ardia, a sheep, like pecunia from pecus (Diez). LIERRE (Fr.), ivy, for l'hierre (Ronsard), from Lat. hedera. LI-CIEN, a dog in the Creole patois of the Mauritius, is from Fr. le chien (Athenæum, Dec. 31, 1870, p. 889). LINGOT, formerly used for a bar or lump of metal, is Fr. lingot, which is itself merely the Eng. ingot with the prefixed article, l'ingot (Skeat). Others have thought it meant a "tongue" of metal, from Lat. lingua (compare a wedge of gold."-Joshua, vii. 21; Heb. tongue"), but incorrectly. LISLE, the place-name, was originally L'isle, being built on an island (Taylor, p. 355). So Algiers for al gezira, the island (now joined to the mainland). LITTRESS, a technical term in the manufacture of playing cards for two sheets of paper pasted together, is doubtless from the synonymous French word l'étresse, mistaken for létresse. Many of the words used in this craft are of French origin (Philolog. Soc. Trans. 1867, p. 66). LOBA (Sp. and Portg.), a surplice, stands for Fr. l'aube, a white garment (Lat. alba), pretty much as if we spoke of "a nalb." 579 ) LOWANCE LODOLA, LODOLETTA (It.), the lark, O. Sp. aloeta, Prov. alauza, Fr. alouette, Lat. alauda. The Italian la 'lodola has merged the initial vowel in the article. La festiva Lodoletta, che trae verso l'aurora. Aleardi, Arnalda di Roca. are mutilated forms of alone, alonely, aloneLONESOME, Some, i.e. all one, wholly by one's self, without company. Alonely person was understood as a lonely person, and alone was retained as the proper predicative form, just as in a similar case we say "a live coal," but the eel is alive, i.e. on lif, in life. LONE, LONELY, LONGE (Fr.), the rope of a halter, la longe, is a misunderstanding of old Fr. l'alonge, denoting (1) a lengthening out, (2) an extended cord, &c. LOOVER, or louver, an opening in the roof of old houses to let out smoke, old Eng. lover, is from old Fr. louvert, a loop-hole or opening, which is for l'ouvert or l'overt, an 66 overt or open spot (Haldemann, Skeat). So the lufferboards of a belfry are merely the louver, l'ouvert, or opening boards to transmit the sound. LOQUET (LE), according to M. Agnel, is for l'oquet, i.e. le hoquet (Influence de Lang. Populaire, p. 100). LORIOT, the French name of the yellow-hammer, stands for l'oriot, old Fr.oriot (Cotgrave), the "golden bird," from Fr. or, whence also Eng. oriole. Compare its Low Lat. name auri-galgulus, whence It. ri-gogolo, rigoletto. LORIOT, in the French idiom compère loriot, a sty on the eyelid, has puzzled philologists. It is doubtless, as M. Sigart points out, identical with Wallon loriau, of the same meaning, which was originally l'oriau, Liège oriou, which he connects with Sp. orzuelo (Fr. orgeol, orgeolet), from Lat. hordeolus, (1) a grain of barley, (2) the grain-like pustule on the eyelid (Dict. du Wallon de Mons). So Wallon loqué and licotte, the hiccup, for l'hoquet and l'hicotte (Liège hikett), Wallon lamplumu, an apple charlotte, for l'amplumus, Flemish appelmoes. LOWANCE, a Cleveland word meaning a portion, esp. a stipulated quantity of drink, for allowance. So also in N.W. Lincolnshire (Peacock). See POTECARY. LUETTE (Fr.), the uvula, formed by agglutination of the article, from uette, i.e. uvette, which (like our uvula) is a dimin. of Lat. uva, a grape. LUGLIO (It.), July, seems to have the article prefixed to Lat. Julius. But Lulianus is, I believe, the Talmudic name of the Emperor Julian. Compare Lillebonne, from Julia Bona. LURCH, in the phrase "to leave one in the lurch," contains an implicit article. It is a metaphor from the gaming table, when one party gains every point before the other makes one (Wedgwood). Lurch is an old word for a game, or a state of the game, Bavarian lurz, the loss of a double game of cards (Garnett), Fr. lourche, which stands for l'ourche. Cotgrave gives "ourche, the game at tables called lurch," and so Skinner. This is, no doubt, from Lat. orca, a dice-box, and not, as Prof. Skeat thinks, from Lat. urceus, a pitcher. Phrases of the same meaning borrowed from card-playing are It. lasciare uno in asso, and Ger. einen im stiche [=ace] lassen. See Diez, s.v. Asso. [A cheat] when the gamesters doubt his play, Sum. Butler, Genuine Remains, ii. 262 LUTE, Fr. luth, old Fr. lut, It. liuto, Sp. laud, have an involved article, as we see by comparing Portg. alaude, which comes from Arab. al-ûd, "the 'ood." A representation of the instrument still called the 'ood is given in Thomson's The Land and the Book, p. 686. Harpe, pype, and mery songe, Bothe lewte and sawtre. Romance of Octavian, 1. 198 (Percy Soc.). LUTIN (Fr.), a night goblin, old Fr. luiton, which seems to be an alteration of nuiton, the Wallon form, from nuit. Perhaps un nuiton was popularly mistaken for un uiton, when l'uiton would naturally follow. So old Fr. nabirinthe (as if un abirinthe) may be the result of a misunderstanding of labyrinthe, as if l'abyrinthe. Compare Fr. nombril for lombril, i.e. l'ombril, and niveau, nivel MUCK for livel (Lat. libella); It. lanfa and nanfa. LUXOR, on the site of ancient Thebes, stands for el Eksor, "the palaces." M. mock, It. amáca, Sp. hamaca, Fr. MACA, Portuguese word for a hamhamac. MATITA (Sp.), bloodstone, for amatita, Fr. hématite, Lat. hæmatites, Greek haimatetes. Similarly, Sp. moroydes (Minsheu), for amoroydes, hæmorrhoids. MEGRIM, Fr. migraine, a headache, originally a complaint of one side of the head, is in old English more correctly written emygrane, or emigrane, being the Low Lat. emigraneus, Lat. hemicranium, Greek hemikranion (halfhead). Emygrane was probably mistaken for a mygrane, and themygrane resolved into the mygrane. Mugreyme, sekenesse, Emigranea.-Prompt. Parv. It is now a popular word for a whim, caprice, crotchet, or absurd notion. It was a pity she should take such megrims into her head.-G. Eliot, Adam Bede, chap. 18. MERCEMENT, for amercement or fine. Vp man for hus mysdedes pe mercement he taxeþ. Langland, Vision of Piers the Plowman, Pass II. 1. 159 (text C.). I soppose they wyl distreyn for the mersmentes.-Paston Letters (ed. Gairdner, i. 109). (Skeat, Notes to P. the Plowman, loc. cit.) MINE (Fr.), a measure of capacity, has lost an initial e, which was perhaps merged in the article; compare old Fr. emine, from Lat. hemina, Greek uva. So Sp. guileña for Lat. aquilina. MOPHRODITE, in N. W. Lincolnshire for hermaphrodite, which was no doubt taken for a maphrodite. MUCK, in the phrase "to run a muck," originally "to run amock," is from Malay amuco. See p. 247. NABSY, a Northampton word for an abscess (Wright), which by a twofold blunder was turned into a nabscess, and that, being mistaken for a plural, into a supposed singular form, a nabsy. Similarly, the wife of a Middlesex labourer once informed me that her husband was suffering from a haps (singular of abscess!) under his arm. Cf. AXEY, p. 15. NACKENDOLE, a Lancashire word for a weight of eight pounds, stands for an aghendole, old Eng. eygtyndele, mesure (Prompt. Parv.), the eighth part of a coom or half quarter, Dutch achtendeel. She should yearely have one aghen-dole of meale.-Pott, Discoverie of Witches, p. 23 [in E. D. Soc. Lancashire Glossary, p. 154, where the origin is quite mistaken]." p. 36. Fiue Hundred Pointes, E. D. Soc. ed. NAGLET, for an aglet, the tag of a lace, aygulet (Spenser), Fr. aguillette, and aiguillette. Thou mayest buy as much love for a naglet in the middle of Scotland, as thou shalt winne by thy complaints.-Dux Grammaticus, 1633. Compare "my nagget cupp" (The Unton Inventories, p. 32) for "mine agate cup." NALE, in old authors is used for an ale-house, especially in the expression "at the nale" (Chaucer, C. Tales, 6931), or "atte nale." The original form was atten ale for at then ale, where then is the dative of the. At the nende is similarly found for at then end (Skeat, Notes to P. Plowman, p. 8). And rather then they wyll not be as fine, As who is finest, yea, as smooth and slicke, And after sit uppermost at the wine, Or nale, to make hard shift they wyll not sticke. F. Thynn, Debate between Pride and Lowliness (ab. 1568), p. 53 (Shaks. Soc.). NANBERRY, & N. W. Lincolnshire word for an anberry (which see, p. 7), a wen, A. Sax. ampre. NANG-NAIL, a Cleveland word for a NAVAN corn on the foot, for an angnail, which is the Cumberland word, i.e. an agnaile, which formerly denoted a "little corne upon a toe " (vid. Cotgrave, s.v. Corret). In N. W. Lincolnshire nangnail is an agnail and a corn (Peacock). In Lancashire it appears as a nagnail (Glossary, Nodal and Milner, E.D.S.), with an imagined reference probably to nag, to 66 NAUNT, an aunt (Beaumont and Fletcher, Pilgrim, iv. 1; Dryden, Plays, vol. iv. p. 304), originated in mine aunt being mistaken for my naunt. Lancashire noan, an aunt (E. D. Soc.). So nuncle (Lear, iii. 2) for mine uncle, Worcestershire my nunkle (Kennett); neam or neme, uncle, for old Eng. mine eam; ningle, a favourite, for mine ingle; my sweet ningle (Dekker). Compare Wallon mon mononk, my uncle (i.e. mon mon-oncle), el nonk, the uncle, and Fr. tante, aunt, either for ta ante (tua amita), (Littré), or for ma-tante, mine aunt (Scheler). Compare also ma mie for m'amie; and mamour, mourette, in Le Roux, Dict. Comique. Nowne is also found arising from mine own, "Be his nowne white sonne."Roister Doister, i. 1 (Shaks. Soc.). The Scottish say "his nain, nawn, or nyawn" (Jamieson); Mid-Yorks. "thou nown bairn" (Robinson, E.D.S.). NAVAN, in Ireland, stands for nEamhuin, i.e. an Eamhuin, "the neck brooch," fabled to have its name from the golden brooch of the Princess Macha (Joyce, i. 85). NAVIRON, a Wallon form of Fr. un aviron, an oar (old Eng. MSS. a nore). The word was perhaps assimilated to another word naviron, meaning a float (Scheler). NAWL, a frequent form of awl (A. Sax. l) in old English (Beaumont and Fletcher), nal (Wycliffe, Ex. xxi. 6), nall (Tusser), from a misunderstanding of an awl as a nawl. Canst thou... bore his chaftes through with a naule?-Bible, 1551, Job xli. 1. Lance de S. Crespin, A shoomakers nawle. -Cotgrave. Poincte, a bodkin or nawle.-Id. Beware also to spurne againe a nall. Good Counsuil of Chaucer. Hole bridle and saddle, whit lether and nall. Tusser, Fiue Hundred Pointes, 1580 (E. D. Soc. ed. p. 36). NAYWORD, a provincial word for a by-word or proverb, seems to stand for an aye-word, a word or expression always or perpetually used (Gentleman's Magazine, July, 1777). The same writer quotes as sometimes found a narrow for an arrow; a nogler, a commercial traveller, probably originally a nagler for an hagler; a nailbourn, a torrent sometimes dry (Kent), for an ailbourn or eylebourn. Nayword, a bye-word, a laughing-stock.Forby, Vocabulary of East Anglia. In any case have a nay-word, that you may know one another's mind.-Merry Wives of Windsor, ii. 2. It is doubtless a corrupted form, a nayword for an ayword, the latter occurring in Twelfth Night, ii. 3: "gull him into an ayword" (fol.). Ayword is probably from ay, always, A. Sax. á, also customary, common; cf. d, common law. NEAVING, yeast or barm (Worlidge, Dict. Rusticum, 1681), is a corruption of an heaving (Skeat). Compare HEAPS. NEB-TIDE, an old form of an ebb-tide, quoted in Nares (ed. Halliwell and Wright), where it is confused with neap-tide, with which it has no connexion, although Bosworth gives épflód, as well as nép-flod, on the authority of Lye. roare. NESS Bold ocean foames with spight, his neb-tides Historie of Albino and Bellama. NEDDANS, a parish in Tipperary, is Ir. na feadáin," the brooks" (Joyce, i. 24). NEDDY, a fool, for an eddy. See p. 253, where the quotation referred to is: Non immerito secundum vestratum usurpationem qui stultum vocant Edwinum, reputarer Eadwinus.-J. C. Robertson, Hist. of T. Becket, vol. i. How comes it (Youth) to pass, that you Cotton, Burlesque upon Burlesque, p. 245. NENAGH, in Tipperary, is the Irish 'n Aenach (an Aenach), "the fair (Joyce, i. 197). Similarly, the Irish place-name Nurney is for an Urnaidhe, "the oratory" (Id. p. 309); Nooan for 'n-uamhainn, "the cave (Id. p. 426). NEDIRCOP, a spider (Wright), an old corruption of an addircop (Palsgrave), or attyrcoppe (Prompt. Parv.), A. Sax. atter-coppa, "poison-cup." NEMONY. Skinner gives a nemony as apparently the common form of anemone in his day, Greek anemōnē, the wind-flower (Etymologicon, 1671). Anemone is sometimes popularly resolved into an enemy, see p. 111. Neminies, the wind-flower. - Lancashire Glossary, E. D. Soc. NERANE, a prov. Eng. word for a spider, stands for an arain (Northampt.) aran (Yorks.), old Eng. arayne, aranye, from Lat. araneus (Philolog. Soc. Trans. 1859, p. 220). or Nerane, aranea.-MS. Vocab. [in Way]. Eranye, or spyder, or spynnare, Aranea.— Prompt. Parv. Compare "a nykle" (Medulla MS.) for an ikyl, an ic-icle (Prompt. Parv. p. 259). NESS, the name of the Scottish loch, is Gaelic na (the article) + ais, waterfall, just as Loch Nell, near Oban, is na + Eala, swan. Compare Nydà in Crete for (ἔις) τὰν Ιδὰ; Stamboul for στανπόλιν, i.e. ¿u rýν móλ (Blackie, Hora Helle |