Microcluster PhysicsSpringer Berlin Heidelberg, 29.10.1991 - 158 Seiten This book aims at providing graduate students and researchers with funda mental knowledge indispensable for entering the new field of "microclus 3 ters". Microclusters consisting of 10 to 10 atoms exhibit neither the pro perties of the corresponding bulk nor those of the corresponding molecule of a few atoms. The microclusters may be considered to form a new phase of materials lying between macroscopic solids and microscopic particles such as atoms and molecules, showing both macroscopic and microscopic features. However, research into such"a riew phase has been left untouched until recent years by the development of the quantum theory of matter. The microscopic features of microclusters were first revealed by ob serving anomalies of the mass spectrum of a Na cluster beam at specific sizes, called magic numbers. Then it was experimentally confirmed that the magic numbers come from the shell structure of valence electrons. Being stimulated by these epoch-making findings in metal microclusters and aided by progress of the experimental techniques producing relatively dense, non interacting micro clusters of various sizes in the form of micro cluster beams, the research field of microclusters has developed rapidly in these 5 to 7 years. The progress is also due to the improvement of computers and com putational techniques, which have made it possible to perform ab initio cal culations of the atomic and electronic structure of smaller microclusters, as well as to carry out computer simulations of their dynamics. |
Inhalt
What are Microclusters? | 1 |
Other Properties of Metal Clusters | 4 |
Dynamics of Atomic Structure | 11 |
Urheberrecht | |
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3d band adiabatic assumed atomic orbitals atomic structures binding energy bond bulk calculated caloric curve cluster beam cluster ions configuration constituent atoms core deformation density depicted dimer discussed distribution effective potential electron affinity electron correlations energy levels energy range equilateral triangle Etot excitation experimental figure fission fragmentation function GFMC given H₂O H3O+ icosahedron increases indicated internal energy internal temperatures ionization potentials isocele triangle jellium laser lattice Lennard-Jones potential linear liquid-like phases magic numbers magnetic interaction magnetic transition mass spectrum melting temperature metal clusters metal microclusters metastable microclusters minima molecular molecules motion Nan clusters neutral cluster number of atoms observed obtained OCT+1 octahedron orbitals oscillator parameter particles peak pentagonal permutation isomers photoionization pseudorotation respectively shell correction shell model shell structure shown small clusters solid-like and liquid-like specific heat spectra spherical spin stable subsection symmetry tion total energy total number transition-metal tron valence electrons water clusters