Respiratory Gas Exchange and Blood Flow in the Placenta

adult affinity Amer assumed blood flow blood pressure calculated capillary carbon dioxide changes circulation compared concentration constant contraction cotyledon curve decrease difference diffusing capacity distribution effect end-capillary equal equation erythrocytes evidence exchange experimental experiments factors fetal blood fetal placental fetus Figure flow rate function heart hemoglobin higher human hypoxia important increase indicate intervillous space labor less lower maternal and fetal maternal blood mean measured membrane method ml/min mm Hg mother normal O₂ observed obtained occur output oxygen consumption oxygen tension partial pressure PCO₂ perfused Physiol physiological placental placental blood flow plasma PO₂ possible pregnant present produced ratio reaction red cells REFERENCES relation relatively resistance response samples saturation sheep shown shows shunt side solution steady studies substances Table term tissue transfer umbilical arterial unit uterine values various vascular venous vessels villi weight