ernor was on shore; but his servants his furniture, his wine, his guns, his horses, his provisions, his wardrobe, his carved doors and windowframes, and the whole interior decoration of the house at Pennsbury Manor, were on board.

The voyage might last from six to fourteen weeks according to the wind and weather, and every man had to be provisioned for the longer term. It is not to be supposed that Friends going out to found a free state denied themselves the consolations of meat and drink. A list of the comforts put on board one vessel leaving the Delaware for London on behalf of a Quaker preacher, gives us-32 fowls, 7 turkeys, 11 ducks, 2 hams, a barrel of china oranges, a large keg of sweetmeats, a keg of rum, a pot of tamarinds, a box of spices, ditto of dried herbs, 18 cocoa-nuts, a box of eggs, six balls of chocolate, six dried codfish and five shaddock, six bottles of citron-water, four bottles of madeira, five dozen of good ale, one large keg of wine and nine pints of brandy. There was also much solid food in the shape of flour, sheep, and hogs. Imagine a hundred emigrants so furnished; the grunting of hogs, the screaming of fowls, the bah-ing of sheep, the gabbling of ducks, the litter of bags and boxes, the breaking of bottles, the rolling of barrels, the shouts of the sailors, the anxious faces of men and women about to try a new world imagine this, and the reader has a picture of the Welcome as she lay off Deal on the first day of September, 1682, waiting the arrival of Governor Penn.

Everything being arranged as to the public duties of his mission, the Coloniser gave up h's last thoughts in England to Guli and his family. To Springett had been given a brother William, and a sister Lettie. In an age of 'ferries' it is not

easy to conceive the feelings of a man who was about to make the voyage to America. Half a century later a Yorkshire squire conceived it necessary to make his will before starting on a trip to London; still more needful were such preparations thought when a man proposed to cross the Atlantic. Penn had wished to take his family out with him; for it was his wish to settle in the country now become his own; but information as to perils and privations to be encountered by the first settlers, consideration for Guli's health, then delicate, and for the education of his children, caused him to abandon this idea. Yet he was not happy. Death had snatched away two of those experienced persons in whose care he could have left them: Isaac Pennington and Lady Penn. The grandmother of his little children was at hand. On Lady Springett, Thomas Ellwood, and other attached and faithful friends, he felt he could rely; and yet, with all these solaces, it was a bitter thing to part from his family for months-for years-and it might easily be for ever; to encounter dangers in unaccustomed shapes, storms at sea, tropical fevers, hardships in the wilderness; nay, more-as, in the faith of an expounder of new doctrines-he was about to place himself, unarmed, in the power of savages, too much accustomed to the tomahawk and scalping-knife-and though a strong believer in the native virtues of the Redskins, when these savages were treated well he could not help feeling that before he might have time to impress their minds with confidence in his integrity of purpose, some mischance might lead him into peril of his life.

He had made his arrangements as if he were never to return. His hope was to prepare a home for those whom he was now about to leave behind;

but being doubtful whether Providence had not designed this leave to be his final one, he wrote at length his parting admonitions to his wife and children. This testament is full of wise and noble counsels, earnestly conceived, and tenderly conveyed. Foreseeing that his Holy Experiment might be a drain on his private means, he wishes Guli to be economical, though not parsimonious, in her household. She is to make one great exception, however; in the education of his children she is not to spare. He means the education to be useful and practical. Springett and William are to acquire a sound knowledge of building, ship-carpentry, measuring, levelling surveying, and navigation; but he desires that their chief attention shall be given to agriculture. Lettie is to pay attention to the affairs of a household as well as to the accomplishments of her sex: 'Let my children be husbandmen and housewifes.' In his parting moments he did not forget that his little children might become the rulers of his province and his wishes on this subject were recorded for their guidance. 'As for you,' he writes, 'who are likely to be concerned in the governnent of Pennsylvania, I do charge you before the Lord God and His holy angels, that you be lowly, diligent, and tender, fearing God, loving the people and hating covetousness. Let justice have its impartial course, and the law free passage. Though to your loss, protect no man against it; for you are not above the law, but the law above you. Live therefore the lives yourselves you would have the people live, and then you will have right and boldness to punish the transgressor. Keep upon the square, for God sees you therefore do your duty, and be sure you see with your own eyes, and hear with your own ears. Entertain no

lurchers, cherish no informers for gain or revenge; use no tricks; fly to no devices to support or cover injustice; but let your hearts be upright before the Lord, trusting in Him above the contrivances of men, and none shall be able to hurt or supplant you.'

On the first of September the Welcome weighed anchor at Deal, passed the Foreland with a light breeze. At Deal they shipped a case of small-pox. At first the disease was mild, and they went on; but before they reached the middle of the Atlantic nearly every man, woman, and child, was sick. During two weeks some one died almost every day. Of the hundred passengers on board, more than thirty fell. Care, attention, and the Governor's stores, were given without stint. By day and night Penn sat in the cabins of the infected persons, speaking words of comfort to all, giving medicines to such as needed them, and affording the consolations of religion to the dying. In his labours he was much assisted by his friend Pearson, an emigrant from Chester. Want of room and want of fresh provisions were the two chief evils which he could not meet. One boy was born at sea; but many boys and girls, as well as grownup people died. The voyage was rather long, and it was deep in October when the low and wooded banks of the Delaware broke on the straining sights of men still struggling with the mortal fear of death.

October 27, 1682, just nine weeks after quitting Deal the Welcome moored off the port of Newcastle, in Delaware, the country lately given up to him by the Duke of York.

CHAPTER XXIV.

IN THE WILDERNESS (1682).

Penn's landing made a general holiday in the town; for young and old, Dutch, English, Swedes, and Germans, crowded to the landing-place, each eager to catch a glimpse of the man who was said to come amongst them, less as their lord and governor than as their friend.

Next day he called the people together in the Dutch court-house, when he went through the legal forms of taking possession. Deeds were produced and charters read. The agents of the Duke of York surrendered the territory in their master's name by the usual form of giving earth and water. Penn's great powers being legally established he addressed the people in profoundest silence. He spoke of the reasons for his coming-the great idea which he had nursed from his youth upwards-his desire to found a free and virtuous state in which the people should rule themselves. He then explained the nature of his powers; assuring those who heard him that he wished to exercise them only provisionally and for the general good. He spoke of the constitution he had published for Pennsylvania as containing his theory of government; and promised the settlers on the lower reaches of the Delaware that the same principles should be adopted in their territory. Every man in his provinces, he said, should enjoy liberty of conscience and his share of political power. As earnest of his intention to proceed on fixed and just principles in the colony, he