defend it, exists in nations as much as, and no more than it exists in individuals. Had nature meant us to live uncontrolled by any will but our own, we should have been so constructed that the pleasures of one would not interfere with the pleasures of another, or that each of us would discharge by instinct those duties which the welfare of the community requires from all. In a world in which we are made to depend so largely for our well-being on the conduct of our neighbours, and yet are created infinitely unequal in ability and worthiness of character, the superior part has a natural right to govern; the inferior part has a natural right to be governed; and a rude but adequate test of superiority and inferiority is provided in the relative strength of the different orders of human beings.

11. ROLLA TO THE PERUVIANS.

'You have judged, as I have, the foulness of the crafty plea by which these bold invaders would delude you. Your generous spirit has compared, as mine has, the motives, which, in a war like this, can animate their minds and ours. They, by a strange frenzy driven, fight for power, for plunder, and extended rule; we, for our country, our altars, and our homes. They follow an adventurer whom they fear, and obey a power which they hate; we serve a monarch whom we love-a God whom we adore. Whene'er they move in anger, desolation tracks their progress! Whene'er they pause in amity, affliction mourns their friendship. They boast they come but to improve our state, enlarge our thoughts, and free us from the yoke of error! Yes; they will give enlightened freedom to our minds, who are themselves the slaves of passion, avarice, and pride. They offer us their protection: yes; such protection as vultures give to lambs-covering and devouring them! They call on us to barter all of good we have inherited and proved, for the desperate chance of something better which they promise. Be our plain answer this: "The throne we honour is the people's choice; the laws we

reverence are our brave fathers' legacy; the faith we follow teaches us to live in bonds of charity with all mankind, and die with hope of bliss beyond the grave.'

12. SPEECH FOR REPEALING THE ACT CALLED THE JEW BILL, 1753.

'The repealing of this act appears to be a reasonable and safe condescension; but all beyond this would be dangerous weakness in government: it might open a door to the wildest enthusiasm, and to the most mischievous attacks of political disaffection working upon that enthusiasm. If you encourage and authorize it to fall on the synagogue, it will go from thence to the meeting-house, and, in the end, to the palace. Let us be careful to check its further progress. The more zealous we are to support Christianity, the more vigilant should we be in maintaining toleration. Toleration is the basis of all public quiet. It is a charter of freedom given to the mind, more valuable, I think, than that which secures our persons and estates. Indeed, they are inseparably connected; for, where the mind is not free, where the conscience is enthralled, there is no freedom. Spiritual tyranny puts on the galling chains; but civil tyranny is called in to rivet and fix them. We see it in Spain, and many other countries; we have formerly both seen and felt it in England. By the blessing of God, we are now delivered from all kinds of oppression. Let us take care that they may never return.

13. THE BATTLE OF TOWTON FIELD.

The two armies encountered one another at Towton Field, near Tadcaster. In the numbers engaged, as well as in the terrible obstinacy of the struggle, no such battle had been seen in England since the fight of Senlac. On either side the armies numbered nearly 60,000 men. The day had just broken when the Yorkists advanced through a thick snowfall, and for six hours the battle raged with desperate bravery on either side. At one critical moment Warwick saw his men

falter, and stabbing his horse before them swore on the cross of his sword to live or die on the field. At last the Lancastrians slowly gave way; a river on their rear turned the retreat into a rout, and the flight and carnage went on through the night and the morrow. Of the conquered, Edward's herald counted more than 20,000 corpses on the field; and the losses of the conquerors were hardly less heavy.

14. THE CANADIAN MILITIA.

The Canadian militia is celebrated in history. In 1775, during the first aggression of the States after their renunciation of allegiance, it was chiefly owing to the militia of the province that the enemy, after a brief winter campaign in which Montgomery was killed, were driven back across the frontier. Again in the war of 1812, when tardy reinforcements from England added but little to the strength of the regulars, it was to the local militia that General Brock and Sir George Prevost were chiefly indebted for successes. By law every male adult under a certain age is enrolled in the list of the militia. Of late the volunteer system has also become extremely popular. Another national defence is the regiment of Royal Canadian Rifles, and it is to this regiment that Canada has mainly looked of late years for ordinary garrison duty and occasional emergencies.

15. THE FIRST PRINCE OF WALES.

Edward I. had built an extensive castle at Caernarvon, where he took up his residence to awe the turbulent Welshmen by his presence among them. Here a prince was born just the day before the Welsh barons were to do homage to the king as their sovereign. They intended to petition him to appoint a native-born prince as their governor. To their infinite delight, the king told them he would instantly grant their prayer and give them a prince who was born in Wales and who could not speak a word of either French or English. Taking his new-born son from his cradle, Edward presented

him to the assembly, assuring them that he was a native of their country, that his character was unimpeachable, that he could not speak a word of French or English, and that, if they pleased, the first words he uttered should be Welsh. The chiefs accepted their prince, and kissed his baby hand in token of submission.

16. DON VENTURA RODRIGUEZ.

As the evening advanced, a large man, about sixty years of age, of powerful frame, came in to gossip with mine hostess. He was dressed in the ordinary Andalusian costume, but had a huge sabre tucked under his arm. He wore large mustaches and had something of a lofty swaggering air. Every one seemed to regard him with great deference. Our man Sancho whispered to us that he was Don Ventura Rodriguez, the hero of Loxa, famous for his prowess and the strength of his arm. In the time of the French invasion he surprised six troopers who were asleep. He first secured their horses, then attacked them with his sabre, killed some and took the rest prisoners. For this exploit the king allows him a dollar per week, and has dignified him with the title of Don. His sabre he always carries about him, as a child does her doll, calls it his Santa Teresa, and says when he draws it, 'the earth trembles.'

17. IN THE CAMP AT STEINHEIM, 17th August 1704.

Sir, I hope, long before this comes to hand, my Lord Tunbridge will have brought you the good news of our great victory over the enemy (at Blenheim). The success appears every day greater, and the number of prisoners increases hourly, for the soldiers that in the rout dispersed themselves into the country, finding no safety there, come and surrender themselves, so that we reckon now about 11,000, besides near 1,200 officers. The Marshal, with some other of the chief officers, will be going on Tuesday morning to Francfort and Hanau. I shall send a captain with forty or fifty English horse for their guard. We have observed this day in

devotion for returning thanks to God for our success, and concluded it with a triple discharge of all our artillery and small arms.

I am with truth, Sir,

The second Sunday after I had obtained my clothes, I called upon the widow St. Felix. She received me very kindly, and told me that I looked very handsome for 'Poor Jack.' 'You will be quite the fashion,' continued she, 'and I presume, like most fashionable gentlemen, your clothes are not paid for.' I replied, laughing, that they were not; but that they should be, if I lived, and could work. 'I have heard the whole story from Old Ben,' replied she. 'Come in to-morrow, Jack, I want to speak with you.'

I did so in the forenoon, when she put a five-shilling piece in my hand and said: "That's from me, to help you to pay your debt to old Nanny. But that's not all, Jack; I've begged the Doctor, and here are two half-crowns from him, which, I believe, will go about as far as my five-shillings.'

I had listened all this while to Mrs. St. Felix, but I was so moved by her kindness and generosity that I could not speak.

19. THE BATTLE OF ST. ALBANS.

The first engagement between the supporters of the rival families of Lancaster and York was fought at the town of St. Albans. King Henry, although weak in intellect, was not wanting in personal courage, but he entertained a horror of shedding the blood of his subjects, even although they appeared in arms against him. He dispatched a messenger to the Duke of York, to ask 'Why he appeared in hostile array against him?' The haughty reply was, 'that the Duke would never lay down his arms unless Somerset was dismissed from King Henry's council, and delivered up to justice.' Henry's rage then burst forth, and he exclaimed: 'I will deliver up my