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situate between the Rhine and the Elbe to

the possessions of his Majesty the King of Prusia, as they are defined by the present Treaty, shall be for ever extinguished and annulled.-Art. XI. All negociations, conventions, or treaties of alliance, that may have been publicly or privately concluded between Prussia and any States on the left Bank of the Elbe, and which has not been broken by the present war, shall remain without effect, and be considered as null and not concluded.-Art. XII. His Majesty the King of Prussia cedes the Circle of Kotbuss, in Lower Lusatia, to his Majesty the King of Saxony, with full right of proprietorship and Sovereignty.-Art. XIII. His Majesty the King of Prussia renounces for ever possession to all the provinces which formerly constituted parts of the kingdom of Poland, have at different periods come under the dominion of Prussia, excepting Ermeland, and the country to the West of Ancient Prussia, to the East of Pomerania and the Newark, to the North of the Circle of Halm and a line which passes from the Vistula by Waldau to Schneidemühl, and passes along the boundaries of Bromberg and the road from the Schneidemuhl to Driesen, which provinces, with the town and citadel of Graudetz, and the villages of Neudorf, Parschken, and Swierborzy, shall in future be possessed, with all rights of proprietorship and sovereignty, by his Majesty the King of Prussia. -Art. XIV. His Majesty the King of Prussia renounces. in like manner, for ever, possession of the city of Dantzic. Art. XV. The provinces which his Majesty the King of Prussia renounces in the 13th article, with exception of the territories mentioned in the 18th article, shall be possessed with right of property and sovereignty by his Majesty the King of Saxony, under the title of a Dukedom of Warsaw, and governed according to a constitution which shall secure the liberties and privileges of the people of that duchy, and be conformable to the tranquillity of the neighbouring states.-Art. XVI. To secure a connection and communication between the Kingdom of Saxony and the Duchy of Warsaw, the free use of a military road shall be granted to the King of Saxony through the states of his Majesty the King of Prussia. This road, the number of troops which shall pass through it at one time, and the places at which they shall halt, shall be settled by a particular agreement between the two sovereigns, under the mediation of France. Art. XVII. The navigation of the river Ness and the canal of Bromberg, from Driesen to the Vistula and back, shall remain free from any toll.-Art. XVIII. In

order to establish, as much as possible, natural boundaries between Russia and the Duchy of Warsaw, the territory between the present boundaries of Russia, from the Berg, to the mouth of the Lassosna, and a fine which passes from the said mouth, and along the channel of that river, the channel of the Bobro to its mouth, the channel of the Narew from its mouth to Suradz, the channel of the Lisa to its source near the village of Mien, and of the two neighbouring arms of the Nurzuck, rising near that village, and the channel of the Nurzuck itself to its mouth, and lastly along the channel of the Bug, up the stream to the present boundaries of Russia, shall for ever be incorporated with the Russian Empire.Art. XIX. The city of Dantzic, with a territory of two miles circumference, shall be restored to its former independence, under the protection of his Majesty the King of Prussia and the King of Saxony, and be governed by the rules by which it was governed when it ceased to be its own mistress. Art. XX. Neither his Majesty the King of Prussia, nor his Majesty the King of Saxony, shall obstruct the navigation of the Vistula by any prohibition, nor by any customs, duty, or imports whatsoever.

XXI. The city, port, and territory of Dantzic, shall be shut up during the present maritime war against the trade and navigation of Great Britain.-Art. XXII. No individual of any rank or description whatsoever, whose property and abode are situated in such provinces as formerly be longed to the kingdom of Poland, or which the King of Prussia is henceforth to possess; and no individual of the Duchy of Warsaw, or residing within the territory incorporated with Russia, or possessing any landed property, rents, annuities, or any income whatsoever, shall either with regard to his person, his estates, rents, annuities, and income, nor with respect to his rank and dignities, be prosecuted on account of any part which he may have taken, either in a political or mili tary point of view, in the event of the present war-Art, XXIII. In the same manner, no individual residing or possessing landed property in the countries which be longed to the King of Prussia, prior to the 1st of January, 1772, and which are restored to him by virtue of the preceding second ar ticle; and in particular, no individual of the Berlin civic guard or of the gens d'armes, who have taken up armis in order to maintain tranquillity, shall be prosecuted in his person, his estates, rents, annuities, or any income whatsoever, or in his rank or digni ty, nor in any manner whatsoever, on account of any part which he niay have taken in the

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events of the present war, or be subjected to any inquiry. Art. XXIV. The engagements debts, or obligations of any nature whatsoever, which his Majesty the King of Prus sia may have contracted or concluded, prior to the present war, as possessor of the countries, dominions, and revenues, which his Majesty cedes and renounces in the present treaty, shall be performed and satisfied by the new possessors, without any exception or reservation whatsoever.-Art. XXV. The funds and capitals which belong to private persons, or public religion, civil, or military associations, countries which his Majesty the King of Prussia, or, which he renounces by the private treaty, whether the said capitals be vested in the Bank of Berlin, in the Chest of the Territory of Noviltrade, or in any other manner, in the dominions of the King of Prussia, shall neither be confiscated nor attached by the proprietors of the funds or capitals, shall be at liberty to dispose of the same, and they are to continue to enjoy the interest thereof, whether such interest be already due, or may yet become due at the periods stipulated in the conventions ar bonds; the same shall, on the other side, be observed with regard to all funds and capitals which are vested by private individuals, or public institutions whatsoever, in such Countries which are ceded or renounced by his Prussian Majesty by virtue of the present treaty.-Art. XXVI. The archives which contain the titles of property documents, and in general all the papers which relate to the countries, territories, dominions, as well as the maps and plans of the strong places, citadels, castles, and forts seated in the abovementioned countries, are to be delivered up by commissioners of his said Majesty, within the time of three months next ensuing the exchange of the ratification of this treaty, to commissioners of his Majesty the Emperor Napoleon, with regard to the countries seated on the left Bank of the Rhine; and to commissioners of his Majesty the Empesor of Russia, of the King of Saxony, and of the City of Dantzic, with regard to all the countries which their said Majesties and the City of Dantzic are in future to possess, by virtue of the present compact.--Art. XXVII. Until the day of the ratification of the future definitive treaty of peace between France and England, all the countries under the dominion of his Majesty the King of Prussia, without any exception whatsoever, shall be shut against the trade and navigation of the English. No shipment to be made from any Prussian port for the British Isles or British Colonies; nor shall any ship which sailed from England, or her colonies, be ad

mitted in any Prussian port.—Art. XXVIII. The necessary arrangements shall immediately be made to settle every point which relates to the manner and period of the surrender of the places which are to be restored to his Majesty the King of Prussia, and to the civil and military administration of the said countries.-Art. XXIX. The prisoners of war taken on both sides are to be returned without any exchange and in mass, as soon as circumstances shall admit.Art. XXX. The present treaty is to be ratified by his Majesty the Emperor of the French, and by his Majesty the King of Prussia, and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Konigsberg by the undersigned, within the time of six days next ensuing the signing of the treaty - Done at Tilsit, the 9th July, 1807. Signed. Signed. C. M. TALLEYRAND, Prince of Benevento.-COUNT KALKREUTH, Field Marshal.-AUGUSTUS COUNT GOLTZ.The ratifications of this treaty were exchanged at Konigsberg on the 12th July, 1807.

FOREIGN OFFICIAL PAPERS. CONTINENTAL WAR-Seventy-ninth Bulletin of the Grand French Army.

(Concluded from page 192.)

About half past 5 Marshal Ney be gan to move forward. Some shots from a battery of 20 cannon were the signal. At the same moment the division of Gen. Marchand advanced, sword-in-hand upon the enemy, and proceeded towards the tower of the town; being supported on the left by the division of Gen. Bison.-When the enemy perceived that Marshal Ney had left the wood in which his right wing had been posted, they endeavoured to surround him with some regiments of cavalry, and a multitude of Cossacks: but Gen. Latour Maubourg's division of dragoons rode up in full gallop to the right wing, and repelled the attack of the enemy. In the mean time Gen. Victor erected a battery of 30 cannon in the front of his center. Gen. Sennarmont, who commanded this battery, pushed his works forward more than 400 paces, and greatly annoyed the enemy. The several maneuvres they attempted, in order to produce a diversion, were all in vain.-Marshal Ney was at the head of his troops directing the smallest manœuvres with that coolness and intrepidity peculiar to himself, and maintained that example which has always distinguished his corps among the other corps of the grand army. Several columns of the enemy which attacked his right wing were received with the bayonet and driven into the Alle. Thousands found their graves in that river, and

some escaped by swimming; meanwhile Marshal Ney's left wing reached the Raveline, which encircles the town of Friedland. The enemy who had posted the imperial horse and foot guards in ambush there, advanced with great intrepidity, and attacked Marshal Ney's left, which for a moment wavered: but Dupont's division, which formed the right wing of the reserve, fell upon the Russian imperial guards, defeated them, and made a most dreadful slaughter. The enemy sent forward several other corps from his centre, to defend Friedland: vain efforts! Friedland was forced, and its streets bestrewed with dead bodies. The centre, commanded by Marshal Lannes, was at the same time engaged. The attempts which the enemy had made upon the right wing, being frustrated. he wished to try the effect of similar efforts upon our centre, he was, however, suitably received by the brave divisions of Oudinot and Verdier, and the commanding Marshal.-The repeated attacks of the enemy's infantry and cavalry were inca-1 pable of obstructing the march of our columns, all the powers and all the courage of the Russians were exerted in vain.-Marshal Mortier, who, during the whole day, had given great proofs of coolness and intrepidity, in supporting the left wing, now advanced, and was in his turn supported by the fuzileers of the guard under the command of Gen. Savary. The cavalry, infantry, and artillery-all, on this occasion, generally distinguished themselves.-The imperial horse and foot guards, and two divisions of the first corps, were not in the action, The victory was never for a moment doubtful. The field of battle is horrible to behold. It is not too much to estimate the number of the dead on the side of the Russians, at from 15 to 18,000. The number of dead on the French side was not 500, but we have 3000 wounded. We have taken 80 cannons, and a great number of cassoons. A great number of standards have also fallen into our hands. There are 25 of the Russian generals either killed, wounded, or taken. Their cavalry has suffered an incalculable loss.— Gen. Drouet, Chief of Marshal Lannes' corps; Gen. Cohorn; Col, Regnaud of the 15th of the line; Col. Lajonquire of the 60th; Col. Lamotte, of the 4th dragoons, and Brigadier General Brunryn, are wounded. Gen. Latour Maubourg is wounded in the hand. Deffourneux, colonel of the artillery; Hutin, Chef d'Esquadron, and first Aid-de-Camp of Gen. Oudinot, are killed. Two of the Emperor's Aids-de-Camp, Mouton and Lacoste, are slightly wounded.Night prevented us from pursuing the ene

my; they were followed until 11 o'clock. During the remainder of the night, the cut off columns tried to pass the Alle at several fordable places, and next day, we saw caissons, cannon, and harness, every where in the river. The battle of Friedland is worthy to be numbered with, those of Marengo, Austerlitz, and Jena. The enemy were numerous, had fine cavalry, and fought bravely.

Next day the enemy endeavoured to assemble on the right bank of the Alle, and the French army made manoeuvres on the left bank to cut them off from Koningsberg. The heads of the columns arrived at the same time at Wehlau, a town situated at the confluence of the Alle and the Pregel. The Emperor had his head quarters in the village of Peterswelde.-The enemy having destroyed all the bridges took advantage of that obstacle, at day-break, on the 16th, to proceed on their retreat towards Russia. At 8 in the morning, the Emperor threw a bridge over the Pregel, and took a position there with the army.-Almost all the magazines which the enemy had on the Alle have been thrown into the river, or burnt. Some idea may be formed of the great extent of their loss by what yet remains to us. The Rus sians had magazines in all the villages, which, in their passage, they every where burnt. We have, however, found more than 6000 quintals of corn in Weblau.Koningsberg was abandoned cn the arrival of the intelligence of the battle of Friedland. Marshal Soult has entered that place, where much wealth has been found. We have taken there some hundred thousand quintals of corn, more than 20,000 wounded Russians and Prussians, all the ammunition which England had sent to the Russians, including 160,000 muskets which had not been landed. Thus has Providence punished those, who instead of negociating with good faith to bring about a salutary peace, treated that object with derision, and res garded the repose taken by the conquerors, as a proof of timidity and weakness.-The army is now in a delightful country. The banks of the Pregel are rich. In a short time the magazines and cellars of Dantzic and Koningsberg will afford us new resour ces of superfluity and health. The names of the brave men who have distinguished themselves, cannot be contained within the limits of one bulletin. The staff is employ ed in collecting their deeds The Prince of Neufchatel gave extraordinary proofs of his zeal and knowledge in the battle of Fried, land. He was frequently in the hottest part of the action, and made arrangements which were of great advantage. It was on the 5th

the enemy renewed hostilities. Their loss in the ten days which followed their first operations may be reckoned at 60,000 men, killed, wounded; taken, or otherwise put hors de combat. A part of their artillery, the necessary supply of military stores, and all their magazines, on a line of more than 40 miles, are lost to them. The French army has seldom obtained such great advantages with so little loss.

80th Bulletin of the Grand French Army.

During the time that the French arms signalize themselves on the field of battle at Friedland, the Grand Duke of Berg arrives before Koningsberg, and takes in flank the corps of the army commanded by Gen. Lestocq -On the 13th, Marshal Soult found at Creutzberg, the Prussian rear-guard. The division of Milhaud's dragoons makes a fine charge, defeats the Prussian cavalry, and takes several pieces of cannon. On the 14th, the enemy was compelled to shut himself up in Koningsberg. About noon, 2 of the enemy's columns, which had been cut off before that place, with a view of entering it, 6 pieces of cannon, and from 3 to 4000 men who composed this troop, were taken. All the suburbs of Koningsberg were raised, and a considerable number of prisoners were made. The result of all these affairs is between 4 and 5000 prisoners, and 15 pieces of cannon. On the 15th and 16th, Marshal Soult's corps was occupied before the entrenchments of Koningsberg; but the advance of the main body of the army towards Wehlau, obliges the enemy to evacuate Koningsberg, and this place falls into our hands. The stores found at Koningsberg are immense: 200 large vessels from Russia are still all loaded in the port. There was much more wine and brandy than we had any reason to expect.-A brigade of the Nivision of St. Hilaire advanced before Pillau, to form the siege of that place; and Gen. Rapp has sent off to Dantzic for a column, ordered to go by the Nehrung, to raise before Pillau a battery which may shut the Haff. Vessels manned by marines of the guard render us masters of this small "sea.On the 17th, the Emperor transferred his head-quarters to the farm of Drucken, near Klein Schirau. On the 18th he advanced them to Sgaisgirren; and on the 19th, at 2 in the afternoon, he entered Tilsit-The Grand Duke of Berg, at the head of the greater part of the light cavalry, some divisions of dragoons and cuirassiers, has follow

ed the enemy in his retreat these three las days, and did him much injury. The 5th regiment of hussars distinguished itself. The Cossacks were repeatedly routed, and suffered considerably in these different charges, We had a few killed and wounded: among the latter is the Chief d'Escadre Picton, Aidde-Camp to the Grand Duke of Berg. After the passage of the Pregel; opposite to Weh lau, a drummer was charged by a Cossack at fall gallop; the Cossack takes his lance to pierce the druminer, but the latter preserved his presence of mind; takes his lance from him, disarms the Cossack, and pursues him.

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A singular circumstance, which excited the laughter of the soldiers, occurred for the first time near Tilsit, where a cloud of Cossacks were seen fighting with arrows. We were sorry for those who gave the preference to the ancient arms, to those of the moderns, but nothing is more laughable than the effect of those arms against our muskets. Marshal Davoust, at the head of the third corps, defiled by Labian, fell upon the enemy's rear-guard and made 2500 prisoners Marshal Ney arrived on the 17th at Insterbourgh, and there took 1000 wounded, and the enemy's magazines, which were considerable. The woods, the villages, are full of straggling Russians, sick or wounded. The loss of the Russian army is enormous. It has not with it more than 60 pieces of cannon. The rapidity of our marches pres vent us from being able as yet, tó ascertain how many pieces we have taken; but it is supposed, that the number exceeds 120.→ Near Tilsit, the annexed notes, nutnbered I and II. were transmitted to the Grand Duke of Berg; and afterwards the Russian Prince, Lieut. Gen. Lubanoff, passed the Niemen, and had a conference for an hour with the Prince of Neufchatel.-The enemy burned in great haste the bridge of Tilsit over the Niemen, and appeared to be continuing his retreat into Russia. We are on the confines of that empire. The Niemen, opposite Tilsitt, is somewhat broader than the Seine. From the left bank we see a clond of Cos sacks, who form the rear guard of the enemy on the right bank.-Hostilities have already ceased. What remained to the King of Prussia is conquered. That unfortunate prince has only in his power the country si tuate between the Niemen and Memel. The greater part of his army, or rather of the division of his troops, is deserting, being an willing to go into Russia. (To be continued.)

brated by Cox and Bayiis, No. 75, Great Queen Street, and published by R. Bagshaw, Brydges Street, Covent Gardens where former Numbers may be had sold also by J, Budd, Crown and Mitre, Pall Mall,

VOL. XII. No. 7.] LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 15, 1307. [PRICE 10D.

"For what trae English heart will not swell, when it shall be made clear and evident, as in this book, "that the sovereignty of the seas, flowing about this island, even to the very shores opposite, hath, in all "times, whereof there remains any written testimony, under every revolution, down to the present age, "been held and acknowledged by all the world, as an inseparable appendant of the British Empire; and "that, by virtue thereof, the kings of England successively have had the sovereign guard of the seas; that they have imposed taxes and tributes upon all ships passing and fishing therein; that they have obstructed "and opened the passage thereof to strangers at their own pleasure, and done all other things that may "testify an absolute sea dominion. What English heart, I say, can consider these things together with the late actings, and not be inflamed with an indignation, answerable to the insolence of these people, "raised, but yesterday, out of the dust."NEDHAM's Dedication of SELDEN'S Dominion of the Seas. 225]

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When I concluded the last letter which I did myself the honour of addressing to you (ee Vol. XI. p. 930), I foresaw, that occasions would arise, when I might again think this the best mode of communicating, my remarks to the public in general. An occasion of this sort has now arisen. The bill for preventing grants of Places in Reversion has been thrown out in the House of Lords, after having passed the House of Commons; and, as it is reasonable to suppose, that some of you may not be fully acquainted of the nature of such grants, and of the circumstances under which the bill was thrown out, I, who have had an opportunity of becoming acquainted with both, will endeavour to give you a just description of them.

[226 Learned Languages," which once were so serviceable to the monks and friars, and which are now kept as much in use as possible by all those who are desirous of making a mystery of what ought to be clearly and universally understood. For the same reasons the law, that which every man ought to understand as clearly as possible, has been rendered mystical by the introducing and the retaining of foreign words. Latin, French, Half-French and Half Latin, any thing so that it be incomprehensible to the people in general, no matter what it is so that it keeps them from a knowledge of the real nature of the thing; and, what is above all things provoking, when a couple of empty-headed fellows have once got a gown and wig on, and have learnt the use of this barbarous jargon, they will, without the least sense of decency or shame, stand up amidst hundreds of spectators, and bestow upon each other, at every second breath, the appellation of "learned friend." Much more depends upon names than seems to enter into our philosophy. When the excellent parliament, which made a law to pro vide, against Englishmen being unjustly deprived of their personal liberty; when they were enacting that the persons of innocent men, of all ranks, should, for the future, be secure from the fangs of a tyrannical govern ment, they should have taken care to give their act a name which all men must have clearly understood; and not have left it to the learned friends" to call it the act of Habeas Corpus, a name that, as far as nine. tenths of the people know, may mean something to eat, or to drink. If it had been called the personal security act, or the act for preventing unjust imprisonment, be you assured, Gentlemen, that it ever would have been suspended for seven years toge

There are, Gentlemen, numerous places under the government, which are called sine-cures, from two Latin words which mean without care. Places having no care, no charge, and, of course, no employment, attached to them; places which give the holders no other trouble than that of receiving the salaries or fees arising from them. The reason why these places are described by out-landish words is evident enough; for, to call them, in plain English, places without employment, or nothing-to-do places, would naturally produce feelings, in the people, not very friendly to such a snug esta blishment; and, indeed, had these places always been described by English words, my opinion is, that they would have ceased to exist long ago. We have here, Gentlemen,ther, not, at least, without some complaint, a striking instance of the great utility of the on the part of Englishmen, against such suɔ.

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