Oliver Goldsmith

Putnam's Military Projects-Chevaux-de-frise at Fort Washington

-Meditated Attack on Staten Island-Arrival of Ships-Hessian

Reinforcements - Scotch Highlanders - Sir Henry Clinton and

Lord Cornwallis-Putnam's Obstructions of the Hudson-The

'Phoenix' and' Rose' attacked by Row Galleys at Tarrytown-

General Order of Washington on Sectional Jealousies-Profane

Swearing prohibited in the Camp-Preparations against Attack→

Levies of Yeomanry-George Clinton in Command of the Levies

along the Hudson-Alarms of the People of New York-Benevo-

lent Sympathy of Washington-The 'Phoenix' grappled by a

Fire-Ship-The Ships evacuate the Hudson

Long Island in Possession of the Enemy-Distressed Situation of

the American Army at New York-Question of Abandoning the

City-Letters from either Camp-Enemy's Ships in the Sound

-Removal of Women and Children from the City-Yearning

for Home among the Militia-Tolerant Ideas of Washington and

Greene-Fort Constitution-Conference of Lord Howe with a

Committee from Congress

CHAPTER LXXVI.

Movements of the Enemy-Councils of War-Question of the Aban-

donment of the City-Distribution of the Army-Ships in the

East River-The Enemy at Hell Gate-Skirmish at Turtle Bay

-Panic of the Connecticut Militia-Rage and Personal Peril of

Washington-Putnam's perilous Retreat from the City-British

Regale at Murray Hill

CHAPTER LXXVII.

Fortified Camp at King's Bridge-American and British Lines-
The Morris House-Alexander Hamilton-The Enemy Advance
-Successful Skirmish-Death of Knowlton-Great Fire in New
York-Reorganization of the Army-Exchange of Prisoners-
Daniel Morgan Regained-De Lancey's Tory Brigade-Robert
Rogers, the Partisan-His Rangers-The 'Roebuck,' 'Phoenix,'
and Tartar' in the Hudson-Military Movements by Land and
Water-Letter of John Jay -

579

585

592

599

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER LXXVIII.

Lee expected in Camp-His Letter of Advice to the President of

Congress-The Enemy at Throg's Neck-Washington's Arrange-

ments-Rides to Throg's Neck-The Enemy brought to a Stand

-Military Movements-Arrival of Lee-A Command assigned

to Him-Criticises the Conduct of Congress and the Army-

Council of War-The Army to move to the Mainland-Fort

Washington to be kept up

CHAPTER LXXIX.

Army Arrangements-Washington at White Plains-The Enemy

at Throg's Point-Skirmish of Colonel Glover-Attempt to

Surprise Rogers, the Renegade-Troopers in a Rough Country

-Alarms at White Plains-Cannonading of Ships at Fort Wash-

ington-March of Lee-Fortified Camp at White Plains-Recon-

noitring-The Affair at Chatterton Hill - Relative Situation of

the Armies-Change of Position-Contrast of the Appearance of

the Troops-George Clinton's Idea of Strategy-Movement of

the British Army-Incendiaries at White Plains

CHAPTER LXXX.

Conjectures as to the Intentions of the Enemy-Consequent Pre-

cautions-Correspondence with Greene respecting Fort Wash-

ington-Distribution of the Army-Lee left in Command at

Northcastle-Instructions to him-Washington at Peekskill—

Visits to the Posts in the Highlands

CHAPTER LXXXI.

Affairs on Lake Champlain-Gates at Ticonderoga-Arnold's Flo-

tilla-Military Preparations of Sir Guy Carleton at St. John's-

Nautical Encounters-Gallant Conduct of Arnold and Water-

bury-Carleton in Possession of Crown Point-His return to

Canada and Winter Quarters

Washington crosses the Hudson-Arrives at Fort Lee-Affairs at

Fort Washington-Question about its Abandonment-Move-

ments of Howe-The Fort summoned to Surrender-Refusal of

Colonel Magaw-The Fort Attacked-Capture of the Fort and

Garrison-Comments of Washington on the state of Affairs 642

CHAPTER LXXXIII.

The Enemy crosses the Hudson-Retreat of the Garrison from Fort
Lee The Crossing of the Hackensack-Lee ordered to Move to
the West Side of the River-Reed's Letter to him-Second Move
of the Army beyond the Passaic-Assistance sought from various
Quarters-Correspondences and Schemes of Lee-Heath stanch
to his Instructions-Anxiety of George Clinton for the safety of

the Hudson-Critical situation of the Army-Disparagin, cor-

respondence between Lee and Reed-Washington retreats across

the Raritan-Arrives at Trenton-Removes his baggag across

the Delaware--Dismay and despondency of the Country-Pro-

clamation of Lord Howe - Exultation of the Enemy-Wash-

ington's resolve in case of extremity

CHAPTER LXXXIV.

Lee at Peekskill-Stanch adherence of Heath to Orders-Lee

Crosses the Hudson-Washington at Trenton-Lee at the Heels

of the Enemy-His Speculations on Military Greatness-Forced

March of Cornwallis - Washington Crosses the Delaware —

Putnam in Command at Philadelphia-Baffling Letters of Lee

-Hopes to reconquer the Jerseys-Gates on the March-Lee

Quartered at Basingridge - Surprised and captured — Specu-

lations on his Conduct

CHAPTER LXXXV.

Washington clothed with additional Powers-Recruitment of the

Army--Increased Pay--Colonel John Cadwalader-Arrival of

Sullivan- Gates- Wilkinson-A Coup-de-Main meditated

Posture of Affairs at Trenton--Gates declines to take a part-

His Comments on Washington's Plans-Preparations for the

Coup-de-Main - Crossing of the Delaware Attack on the

Enemy's Forces at Trenton--Death of Rahl-His Character

CHAPTER LXXXVI.

Treatment of the Hessian Prisoners-Their Interviews with Wash-

ington-Their Reception by the People

CHAPTER LXXXVII.

Episode-Colonel Griffin in the Jerseys-Jonop decoyed-Inroad

of Cadwalader and Reed-Retreat and Confusion of the Enemy's

Outposts-Washington recrosses the Delaware with his Troops

-The Game reversed-The Hessians Hunted back through the

Country-Washington made Military Dictator

CHAPTER LXXXVIII.

Howe hears of the Affair at Trenton-Cornwallis sent back to the

Jerseys Reconnoitring Expedition of Reed- His Exploits-

Washington in Peril at Trenton-Reinforced by Troops under

Cadwalader and Mifflin-Position of his Men-Cornwallis at

Trenton-Repulsed at the Assunpink-The American Camp me-

naced-Night March of Washington - Affair at Princeton-

Death of Mercer-Rout of British Troops-Pursued by Wash-

ington - Cornwallis at Princeton - Baffled and Perplexed

Washington at Morristown-His System of Annoyance-The

Tables turned upon the Enemy

Page

651

665

678

695

697

702

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER LXXXIX.

Burke on the State of Affairs in America-New Jersey roused to

Arms-Washington grants Safe Conduct to Hessian Convoys-

Encampment at Morristown-Putnam at Princeton-His strata-

gem to conceal the weakness of his Camp-Exploit of General

Dickinson near Somerset Court House-Washington's counter

Proclamation-Prevalence of the Small-pox-Inoculation of the

Army-Contrast of the British and American Commanders and

their Camps

CHAPTER XC.

Negotiations for exchange of Prisoners- Case of Colonel Ethan

Allen-Of General Lee-Correspondence of Washington with Sir

William Howe about exchanges of Prisoners-Referees appointed

-Letters of Lee from New York-Case of Colonel Campbell-

Washington's Advice to Congress on the subject of Retaliation-

His Correspondence with Lord Howe about the Treatment of

Prisoners-The Horrors of the Jersey Prison-ship and the Sugar-

house

CHAPTER XCI.

Exertions to form a new Army-Calls on the different States-

Insufficiency of the Militia-Washington's care for the Yeomanry

-Dangers in the Northern Department-Winter attack on

Ticonderoga apprehended-Exertions to reinforce Schuyler-

Precarious state of Washington's Army-Conjectures as to the

designs of the Enemy-Expedition of the British against Peeks-

kill

CHAPTER XCII.

Schuyler's Affairs in the Northern Department-Misunderstand-

ings with Congress - Gives offence by a reproachful Letter—

Office of Adjutant-General offered to Gates-Declined by him—

Schuyler reprimanded by Congress for his reproachful Letter-

Gates appointed to the command at Ticonderoga - Schuyler

considers himself virtually suspended-Takes his seat as a Dele-

gate to Congress, and claims a Court of Inquiry-Has command

at Philadelphia

CHAPTER XCIII.

Page

Foreign Officers Candidates for situations in the Army-Difficul-
ties in adjusting questions of Rank - Ducoudray - Conway
Kosciusko-Washington's Guards-Arnold omitted in the Army
promotions-Washington takes his part-British Expedition
against Danbury-Destruction of American Stores-Connecticut
Yeomanry in Arms-Skirmish at Ridgefield-Death of General
Wooster Gallant Services of Arnold-Rewarded by Congress-
Exploit of Colonel Meigs at Sag-Harbour

716

723

733

738

744

CHAPTER XCIV.

Schuyler on the point of resigning-Committee of Inquiry report

in his favour-His Memorial to Congress proves satisfactory--

Discussions regarding the Northern Department Gates mis-

taken as to his position-He prompts his Friends in Congress-

His petulant Letter to Washington-Dignified reply of the latter

-Position of Gates defined-Schuyler reinstated in Command of

the Department-Gates appears on the floor of Congress-His

The Highland Passes of the Hudson-George Clinton in Command

of the Forts-His Measures for Defence-Generals Greene and

Knox examine the state of the Forts-Their report-The general

command of the Hudson offered t› Arnold-Declined by him—

Given to Putnam-Appointment of Dr. Craik in the Medical

Department-Expedition planned against Fort Independence-

But relinquished-Washington shifts his Camp to Middlebrook-

State of his Army-General Howe crosses into the Jerseys—

Position of the two Armies at Middlebrook and behind the

Raritan-Correspondence between Washington and Colonel Reed 762

CHAPTER XCVI.

Feigned movements of Sir William Howe-Baffling caution of

Washington-Rumoured inroads from the North-Schuyler

applies for Reinforcements-Renewed Schemes of Howe to draw

Washington from his Stronghold-Skirmish between Cornwallis

and Lord Stirling-The enemy evacuate the Jerseys-Perplexity

as to their next movement -A hostile Fleet on Lake Champlain

-Burgoyne approaching Ticonderoga Speculations of Washing-

ton-His purpose of keeping Sir William Howe from ascending

the Hudson Orders George Clinton to call out Militia from

Ulster and Orange Counties-Sends Sullivan towards the High-

lands-Moves his own Camp back to Morristown-Stir among

the Shipping-Their destination surmised to be Philadelphia-

A dinner at head-quarters-Alexander Hamilton - Graydon's

rueful description of the Army-His character of Wayne

CHAPTER XCVII.

British invasion from Canada-The plan-Composition of the in-
vading Army-Schuyler on the alert His speculations as to the
enemy's designs-Burgoyne on Lake Champlain His War-
speech to his Indian Allies-Signs of his approach descried from
Ticonderoga-Correspondence on the subject between St. Clair,
Major Livingston, and Schuyler - Burgoyne intrenches near
Ticonderoga-His Proclamation-Schuyler's exertions at Albany
to forward reinforcements - Hears that Ticonderoga is evacuated
-Mysterious disappearance of St. Clair and his Troops-Amaze-
ment and concern of Washington - Orders reinforcements to

771

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