CONTENTS.

FAR

PAGE
1

3

4, 5

6, 7

8-12

7,8

CHAPTER I.

Political condition of England on the death of King Charles.

State of the peerage at the time of the opening of the Long Parliament.

Effect of the government of the Stuarts in degrading the English nobility

Composition of the House of Commons at the beginning of the Long Par-

liament

The English lawyers did not, like the French, constitute a nobility of the

gown inferior to the nobility of the sword

The union in early times of the civil with the military character among

the Normans exemplified in the office of Senescallus Angliæ

Effect of the modern military despotisms in destroying that union and
also in changing "suzerain" into "sovereign'

The English nobility, at the beginning of the 17th century, though new

and humble in their origin, displayed the insolence of a conquering

Great change in their demeanour between 1604 and 1649

The Commons vote the abolition of the House of Peers and of the office

13

14

15

16-18

Number of members composing the Parliament in 1649-1653

Council of State

20-22

The Parliament call the government a Commonwealth

Their reasons for not dissolving the Parliament

The writing drawn up by the officers of the army intituled “An Agree-

ment of the People of England"

Treatment of, by the Parliament

Form of Government

25

26

27-30

31, 32

33

Not a Commonwealth in the sense of republic

84, 35

Council of State

Cromwell appointed commander in chief in Ireland

Difference between "Horse" and "Dragoons"

Milton appointed Secretary for Foreign Tongues to the Council of State .

Affairs of the navy

Pressing of seamen

Land forces

Pressure of taxation-Taxes levied by parties of horse

Errors in political economy of the Council of State

New regiments raised for the service of Ireland

PAGE

36-43

44

44-46

47

64

.

64-66
66, 67
68

Free quarter and billeting-conduct, of the Council of State .

Conduct of the government of Charles I. and of subsequent governments

Proportion of musketeers to pikemen

Lt. Col. John Lilburne committed to the Tower upon suspicion of high

66

treason, for being the author of a book intituled England's

New Chains Discovered"

Influence of pamphlets on the soldiers of the parliamentary army

Petition in behalf of Lilburne, &c., gave offence to the House

The Levellers, origin of the term

Pressing of Dutch ships for the transport of troops to Ireland

The government not strictly parliamentary government
The expedition to Ireland hastened

The soldiers' arrears of pay

Arms and ammunition

Cromwell's pay as General in Ireland

Reduction of garrisons and demolition of castles

Business of the Council of State, their secretaries and clerks

69, 70

71, 72

-73-76

77-80

81, 82

83, 84

85-88

89

90-94

95, 96

97

99

101, 102

103

105, 106

107

108, 109

111

113

114

115

116, 117

The history of this Council of State furnishes a new and most impor-

tant fact towards the formation of political science

Numbers of members of the Council of State who attended the

meetings

CHAPTER III.

PAGE

118-122

123

Petition of Col. Robert Lilburne and of Elizabeth, the wife of John

Petition for a new parliament.

John Lilburne's letter to the Speaker

Lilburne's predictions respecting Cromwell's designs.

Difference between the tyranny of the Council of State and that of

the Star Chamber

Business of the Council of State in regard to robbers, thieves, and

pirates

The late king's plate converted into coin, &c.

The government their own news writer

Lodgings in Whitehall for members of the Council of State

Amount of the excise for the three years last passed.

163

164 168

169

170

171

173

175

176

177

Grant of lands by the Parliament to Cromwell.

Style with foreign powers "The Parliament of the Commonwealth of

Ireton appointed Cromwell's successor in Ireland with the title of Lord

Deputy.

CHAPTER IV.

THE TRIAL OF LIEUT.-COL. JOHN LILBURNE.

Lilburne, in his opening speech, says that he was one of those who first
drew their swords against the king's party, and relates how he
was taken prisoner at Brentford

exposes the inconsistency of Bradshaw

charges Haselrig with taking his estate without law
objects to the commission, and asks to be allowed counsel, a

copy of the indictment, and reasonable time to consult with his

counsel

Lilburne's argument in regard to being allowed counsel, &c.

PAGE

191, 192

193, 194

195

.

196-202

203-208

209

211, 212

213-220

Lilburne contends that there were not two witnesses to any one fact

The Court refuses the prisoner time

Lilburne contends that the jury are not only judges of fact but of law

also

221, 222

223

224, 225

227-230

231-233

234, 235

Acquittal of Lilburne received by the people with extraordinary accla-
mations.

247-251

Lilburne's defence.

The Scottish oligarchy's sale of their king to the English Parliament

The Scottish Parliament

254-256

258

The power of the nobility in Scotland was the cause of the poverty
and democratical form of the Scottish Presbyterian church.

Difference between the English and Scottish feudal aristocracies

The nobility seized the whole of the Church property in Scotland

Three classes of the Scottish Presbyterians, the nobility, the clergy,

and the people

Distinction between the Presbyterians and Independents as regarded

military efficiency

273