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If ships of the United States are wrecked on Great Lewchew, or on islands under the jurisdiction of the royal government of Lewchew, the local authorities shall dispatch persons to assist in saving life and property, and preserve what can be brought ashore till the ships of that nation shall come to take away all that may have been saved; and the expenses incurred in rescuing these unfortunate persons shall be refunded by the nation they belong to.

Whenever persons from ships of the United States come ashore in Lewchew, they shall be at liberty to ramble where they please without hindrance or having officials sent to follow them, or to spy what they do; but if they violently go into houses, or trifle with women, or force people to sell them things, or do other such like illegal acts, they shall be arrested by the local officers, but not måltreated, and shall be reported to the captain of the ship to which they belong for punishment by him.

At Tumai is a burial-ground for the citizens of the United States, where their graves and tombs shall not be molested.

The government of Lewchew shall appoint skillful pilots, who shall be on the lookout for ships appearing off the island, and if one is seen coming towards Napa, they shall go out in good boats beyond the reefs to conduct her in to a secure anchorage, for which service the captain shall pay the pilot five dollars; and the same for going out of the harbor beyond the reefs.

Whenever ships anchor at Napa, the local authorities shall furnish them with wood at the rate of three thousand six hundred copper cash per thousand catties; and with water at the rate of six hundred copper cash (43 cents) for one thousand catties, or six barrels full, each containing 30 American gallons.

Signed in the English and Chinese languages by Commodore MATTHEW C. PERRY, Commander-in chief of the United States' naval forces in the East India, China and Japan seas, and special envoy to Japan, for the United States; and by SHO FU-FING, Superintendent of affairs (Tsu-li-kwan) in Lewchew, and BA RIO-SI, treasurer of Lewchew, at Shui, for the government of Lewchew; and copies exchanged this 11th day of July, 1854, or the reign Hienfung, 4th year, 6th moon, 17th day, at the Town-hall of Napa. M. C. PERRY.

TREATY OF AMITY AND COMMERCE

BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND HIS MAJESTY THE MAGNIFICENT KING OF SIAM.

Concluded at Bangkok, March 20th, 1833.

Ratifications exchanged at Bangkok, April 14th, 1836. Proclaimed by the President of the United States, June 24th, 1837.

His Majesty the sovereign and magnificent King, of the city of Sia-Yuthia, has appointed the Chau Phaya Phra-klang, one of the first ministers of state, to treat with EDMUND ROBERTS, Minister of the United States of America, who has been sent by the government thereof, on its behalf, to form a treaty of sincere firendship and entire good faith between the two nations. For this purpose, the Siamese and the citizens of the United States of America shall, with sincerity, hold commercial intercourse in the ports of their respective nations as long as heaven and earth shall endure.

This treaty is concluded on Wednesday, the last of the fourth month of the year 1194, called Pi-marỗng-chat-tava-sôk (or the year of the Dragon), corresponding to the twentieth day of March, in the year of our Lord, 1833. One original is written in Siamese, and the other in English; but as the Siamese are ignorant of English, and the Americans of Siamese, a Portuguese and a Chinese translation are annexed, to serve as testimony to the contents of the treaty. The writing is of the same tenor and date in all the languages aforesaid: It is signed, on the one part, with the name of the Chau Phaya Phra-klang, and sealed with the seal of the lotus flower of glass; on the other part, it is signed with the name of Edmund Roberts, and sealed with a seal containing an eagle and stars. One copy will be kept in Siam, and another will be taken by Edmund Roberts to the United States. If the government of the United States shall ratify the said treaty, and attach the seal of the government, then Siam will also ratify it on its part, and attach the seal of its government.

ART. I.-There shall be a perpetual peace between the United States of America and the magnificent King of Siam.

ART. II.—The citizens of the United States shall have free liberty to enter all the ports of the kingdom of Siam, with their cargoes, of whatever kind the said cargoes may consist; and they shall have liberty to sell the same to any of the subjects of the King, or others who may wish to purchase the same, or to barter the same for any produce or manufacture of the kingdom, or other articles that may be found there. No prices shall be fixed by the officers of the King on the articles to be sold by the merchants of the United States, or the merchandise they may wish to buy, but the trade

shall be free on both sides, to sell or buy, or exchange, on the terms and for the prices the owners may think fit. Whenever the said citizens of the United States shall be ready to depart, they shall be at liberty so to do, and the proper officers shall furnish them with passports Provided always, There be no legal impediment to the contrary. Nothing contained in this article shall be understood as granting permission to import and sell munitions of war to any person excepting to the King, who, if he does not require, will not be bound to purchase them; neither is permission granted to import opium, which is contraband; or to export rice, which cannot be embarked as an article of commerce. These only are prohibited.

ART. III.-Vessels of the United States entering any port within his Majesty's dominions, and selling or purchasing cargoes of merchandise, shall pay, in lieu of import and export duties, tonnage, license to trade, or any other charge whatever, a measurement duty only, as follows:-The measurement shall be made from side to side, in the middle of the vessel's length; and if a single decked vessel, on such single deck; if otherwise, on the lower deck. On every vessel selling merchandise, the sum of one thousand seven hundred ticals, or bats, shall be paid for every Siamese fathom in breadth so measured; the said fathom being computed to contain seventy-eight English or American inches, corresponding to ninetysix Siamese inches; but if the said vessel should come without merchandise, and purchase a cargo with specie only, she shall then pay the sum of fifteen hundred ticals or bats, for each and every fathom before described. Furthermore, neither the aforesaid measurement duty, nor any other charge whatever, shall be paid by any vessel of the United States that enters a Siamese port for the purpose of refitting, or for refreshments, or to inquire the state of the market.

ART. IV. If hereafter the duties payable by foreign vessels be diminished in favor of any other nation, the same diminution shall be made in favor of the vessels of the United States.

ART. V.-If any vessel of the United States shall suffer shipwreck on any part of the magnificent King's dominions, the persons escaping from the wreck shall be taken care of and hospitably entertained at the expense of the King, until they shall find an opportunity to be returned to their country; and the property saved from such wreck shall be carefully preserved and restored to its owners; and the United States will repay all expenses incurred by his Majesty on account of such wreck.

or if

ART. VI.-If any citizen of the United States, coming to Siam for the purpose of trade, shall contract debts to any individual of Siam, any individual of Siam shall contract debts to any citizen of the United States, the debtor shall be obliged to bring forward and sell all his goods to pay his debts therewith. When the product of such bona fide sale shall not suffice, he shall no longer be liable for the remainder, nor shall the creditor be able to retain him as a slave,

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imprison, flog, or otherwise punish him, to compel the payment of any balance remaining due, but shall leave him at perfect liberty.

ART. VII.-Merchants of the United States coming to trade in the kingdom of Siam, and wishing to rent houses therein, shall rent the King's factories, and pay the customary rent of the country. If the said merchants bring their goods on shore, the King's officers shall take account thereof, but shall not levy any duty thereupon.

ART. VIII.-If any citizens of the United States, or their vessels, or other property, shall be taken by pirates, and brought within the dominions of the magnificent King, the persons shall be set liberty, and the property restored to its owners.

ART. IX.-Merchants of the United States trading in the kingdom of Siam shall respect and follow the laws and customs of the country in all points.

ART. X.-If hereafter any foreign nation other than the Portuguese shall request and obtain his Majesty's consent to the appointment of consuls to reside in Siam, the United States shall be at liberty to appoint consuls to reside in Siam, equally with such other foreign nation.

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WHEREAS the undersigned, Edmund Roberts, a citizen of Portsmouth in the state of New Hampshire in the United States of America, being duly appointed an envoy by letters patent, under the President and seal of the United States of America, bearing date at the city of Washington, the twenty-sixth day of January A.D. 1832, for negotiating and concluding a treaty of amity and commerce between the United States of America and his Majesty the King of Siam:

Now know ye, that I, Edmund Roberts, envoy as aforesaid, do conclude the foregoing treaty of amity and commerce, and every article and clause therein contained; reserving the same, nevertheless, for the final ratification of the President of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate of the Isaid United States.

Done at the royal city of Sia-Yuthia (commonly called Bankok), on the twentieth day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the fifty-seventh.

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TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

AND THE KINGDOM OF SIAM.

Concluded at Bangkok, May 29th, 1856.
Ratified, March 16th, 1857.

Ratifications exchanged at Bangkok, June 15th, 1857. Proclaimed by the President of the United States, August 16th, 1858.

THE President of the United States of America, and their Majesties Phra Bard Somdetch Phra Paramendr Maha Mongkut Phra Chom Klau Chau Yu Hua, the first King of Siam, and Phra Bard Somdetch Phra Pawarendr Ramesr Mahiswaresr Phra Pin Klau Chau Yu Hua, the second King of Siam, desiring to establish upon firm and lasting foundations the relations of peace and friendship existing between the two countries, and to secure the best interest of their respective citizens and subjects by encouraging, facilitating, and regulating their industry and trade, have resolved to conclude a treaty of amity and commerce for this purpose, and have therefore named as their Plenipotentiaries; that is to say, the President of the United States, TOWNSEND HARRIS, Esq., of New York, consul-general of the United States of America for the empire of Japan, and their Majesties, the first and second kings of Siam, his royal highness Krom Hluang Wongsa Dhiraj Snidh, his excellency Somdetch Chau Phaya Param Maha Bijai-neate, his excellency Chau Phaya Sri Suriwongse Samuha Phra Kralahom, his excellency Chau Phaya Rawe Wongee Maha Kosa Dhipade, the phra-klang, his excellency Chau Phaya Yomray, the lord mayor, who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, and found them to be in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following articles:

ART. I.-There shall henceforward be perpetual peace and friendship between the United States, and their Majesties the first and second Kings of Siam and their successors. All American citizens coming to Siam shall receive from the Siamese government full protection and assistance to enable them to reside in Siam in all security, and trade with every facility, free from oppression or injury on the part of the Siamese. Inasmuch as Siam has no ships trading to the ports of the United States, it is agreed that the ships of war of the United States shall render friendly aid and assistance to such Siamese vessels as they may meet on the high seas, so far as can be done without a breach of neutrality; and all American consuls, residing at ports visited by Siamese vessels, shall also give them such friendly aid as may be permitted by the laws of the respective countries in which they reside.

ART. II. The interests of all American citizens coming to Siam shall be placed under the regulation and control of a consul, who will be appointed to reside at Bangkok. He will himself conform to, and will enforce the observance by American citizens of all the provisions of this treaty, and such of the former treaty negotiated by Mr. Edmund Roberts in 1833 as shall still remain in operation. He shall

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