in the same manner as in weaving some kinds of elastic webbing. The India-rubber is first cut into threads, of the required substance, by any of the ordinary cutting apparatus, and is then put into warm water, and stretched out to its utmost tension, in the act of winding it upon a reel or drum; and in this state it is left for about twentyfour hours, when it will be found to have become fixed at its extended length; it is then wound off the drum or reel, and has a thread of silk or other filament, coiled spirally or platted round it, by the operation of a winding-on or a spiral covering machine, or platting machine; these threads are merely to prevent the filament of India-rubber from fraying in the operation of weaving. The India-rubber threads, so prepared, are then wound upon small bobbins, and placed in the loom, to form part of the warp-threads, and are woven into the body of the fabric.

The warp for each breadth of fabric may be constituted of the threads from five separate bobbins, as shewn in the diagram, fig. 10. The bobbin a, carries the India-rubber threads; the bobbins b, threads, when a round edge is required instead of a plain selvage; the bobbin c, carries the warp, from which the raised figure is produced; the bobbin d, carries the warp-yarns, for constituting the back of the fabric; and the bobbin e, those portions of the warp which are used for the binders to assist in connecting the whole fabric together, when interwoven with the weftthreads. These bobbins are placed on a stage or framework, at the back of the loom, and the several portions of the warp are raised and depressed, through the agency of the Jacquard apparatus; or the same may be done by a draw-boy, or any other suitable means.

The operation of weaving raised figures, without the aid of tags or wires, is as follows:

First,-One-half, that is, every alternate thread of the

warp, for the back of the fabric, is raised with every alternate thread of the binder-warp; the shuttle and weft then pass through the sheds, and these warps descend by the motion of the loom. Second,-The same half of the binder-warp must now be raised with one-half; that is, the alternate threads of the figure-warp, or that portion which may be necessary to form the figure. The shuttle and weft again pass through the sheds, and the warp descends as before. Third, The other or remaining half of the warp of the back and binder-threads now rise; the shuttle and weft pass again, and the warp descends. Fourth,The same half of figure-warp as described second, and the binder-warp as third, now rise; the shuttle and weft pass through the sheds, and they again close.-This completes one loop or row of the pattern.

The same operation goes on, with this difference:-The half of the pattern-warp, or that part which is necessary for the figure, that has been laying below, now performs the same number of rises, and with the same lifts as have been made by the previous half of the figure-warp. This change, from one to the other half of the figure-warp, or that part which is necessary to the figure, takes place alternately with the other warps above described, until the piece is woven.

The India-rubber warp rises and falls, so as to have the weft pass under and over it, to weave it between the two parts constituting the top or face of the work and its back.

The edge-warp and bobbins may be used when a round or fancy-edge is required, or be dispensed with at the will of the weaver.

The web, when so woven, is firm and compact, the Indiarubber threads lying in lines between the front and back and binding-threads, the figure-warp lying on the surface or front, and floating or lying over two shoots of the weft.

That part of the figure-warp, not required for the production of the figure on the face, lies between the front and back, with the India-rubber.

Under this head the patentee claims weaving with Indiarubber and other strands, so as to produce a raised figure, by the simple application of heat to the India-rubber when so woven, in order to contract the fabric, and cause it to resemble a figured fabric, similar to that heretofore woven upon tags or wires, and which is suitable for all purposes of coach-lace or other goods, in which tags or wires have been used in weaving.-[Inrolled in the Rolls Chapel Office, February, 1839.]

Specification drawn by Messrs. Newton and Son.

TO EDWARD JOHN CARPENTER, of Toft Monks, in the county of Norfolk, a Commander in the Royal Navy, for improvements in the application of machinery for assisting vessels in performing certain evolutions upon the water, especially tacking, veering, steering, coasting, or winding, and backing astern.-[Sealed 13th June, 1840.]

THIS invention may be divided into three distinct parts, consisting, firstly, in the method in which the improved propelling apparatus is affixed and adjusted, for propelling ships or vessels, with reference to the use of sub-marine rotatory propellers on the quarter; secondly, for a method of applying and adjusting the improved propelling apparatus, so as to turn ships or vessels about, in various positions, without the assistance of the wind or rudder; and thirdly, for a method of affixing and applying the propelling apparatus to ships or vessels, with one propeller at the

stern.

In Plate XIV., figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, represent views of the blades and screws, which form the sub-marine quarter propeller. They may be constructed either of metal or wood, or any other suitable material. Their strength and surfaces depend upon the size and weight of the vessel to be propelled.

Figs. 1 and 2, are planes, which act in the water on the principle of the wedge and screw; figs. 3 and 4, are sections of screws, which act in the water on the principle of that power, the water being the nut or resisting medium, and the propeller the screw; fig. 5, represents a partial side elevation of the after part or quarter of a vessel, with the improved apparatus, adjusted according to the first part of this invention; fig. 6, represents the stern of a vessel, with the apparatus affixed; and fig. 7, represents a side view of the quarter propellers, and the regulator, and stern-bearing, on an enlarged scale.

The spindles i, i, consist of moveable axles, which protrude through the vessel on both quarters, at the point g, near the line of floatation, below the load water-line, and above the keel, between the mid-ship section and the sternframe. The spindles are enclosed by metallic cylinders or other proper packing h, having a cup and socket valve and stuffing-box at one or both ends; they are firmly secured to the timbers of the vessel, by means of iron or other fastenings.

That part of the spindle which is within the vessel, is to be connected to a steam-engine or first mover, by means of a connecting-shaft, excentric rods, bands, or other convenient mechanical contrivances. The outer part of the spindle is connected with the propelling shaft, by means of an universal or other suitable joint or junction ƒ, or hinge, to allow the propeller-shaft to be detached or raised conveniently. e, is a regulator, and consists of a rod, furnished with a rack and pinion at its upper end; at the

bottom of the rod is a pendant bearing, through which the propelling-shaft passes; and thus, by turning the pinion, the shaft and propeller is raised and lowered as circumstances may require; or the regulator may be formed of a chain and tackle, if thought desirable.

The end or stern-bearing c, is a metal arm, bolted firmly into the timbers of the vessel, so that it is capable of resisting the force of heavy seas against the propeller, and also of being easily detached, as circumstances may require. Two or more bearings may also be applied in this way, if required. The ends of the propeller-shaft turn in the bearings at b.

The second part of the invention is shewn at fig. 8, which represents the cross section of a vessel. a, is the capstan; b, a bevilled wheel, fitted upon the capstan, for the purpose of communicating the motive power to the propellers; c, c, are two pinions in gear with the large bevil-wheel.

The axle of the pinions is connected with the spindles d, d. Fig. 9, represents the quarter section of a vessel, shewing the position of a quarter propeller on the larboard side, the shaft passing out from the vessel, at an angle of sixty degrees with the line of the keel from the stern. The propeller e, is supposed to be entirely immersed and confined in its position by means of a stay, and other parts of the apparatus, as seen in the drawing. The shaft rotates in a bearing g, and it can be raised up or lowered into the water by means of a topping-lift or tackle h, a joint i, and a hinged bracket k. After the apparatus has been coupled together, and connected with the capstan, it is only necessary to turn the capstan round by power, and the ship or vessel's head will move round in an opposite direction to that line in which the force is applied, according to the position of the propellers, whether one or both are used in this instance.

The third part of this invention consists in the manner