of the shaft e; the pressure of this spring, and consequently the pressure of the face-plate against the frictionpulley, being regulated by the screw h. Upon the shaft e, is a small pinion i, taking into the wheel j, on the short shaft k, and by means of the worm 7, on that shaft, the worm-wheel fixed on the end of the roller m, is driven. This roller is placed above, and in contact with, the clothbéam u; the end pivots of which are carried by two arms or levers, secured to an axis at the front of the loom. The other ends of the levers are fastened to a chain, which passes over a roller, and has a weight suspended from it; by means of this weight, a pressure is produced between the roller m, and the cloth-beam, sufficient for taking up the cloth which passes over the roller m, on its way to the cloth-beam; and as the speed of the cloth-beam will decrease, when its diameter increases by the accumulation of cloth upon it, the requisite differential motion in taking up the cloth is obtained.

In order to throw the pinion i, out of gear with the wheel j, for the purpose of stopping the taking-up, (when the loom stops,) the pinion is slidden along its shaft by an elbow lever, which has always a tendency to throw the pinion out of gear, but is prevented from doing so by its outer end being held by the spring-handle that shifts the driving-strap of the loom; but when that handle acts to throw the loom out of gear, it releases the end of the elbow lever, which then slides the pinion i, along the shaft e, and stops the taking-up.

The third improvement consists in a mode of stopping the loom when the weft breaks. o, is the reed of the loom, the top edge of which is slipped into the reed-back p, while its bottom edge rests on a slipper or angle-plate, fixed at each end to the upper end of a steel spring q, the lower end of which is fastened to an arm, projecting from the sword of the lay. The bottom edge of the reed and the slipper are placed in a long groove, formed in the body of the lay, being capable of moving, in a slight degree, transversely in the groove, every time the reed meets the verge of the cloth in the laying of a shoot; but when there is no opposition presented to the reed, owing to the absence of the weft, the springs q, and the slipper, keep the reed close up against the side r, of the groove, a due degree of pressure being given to the reed, by the action of the set-screw s, on the spring q.

To that end of the slipper which is next the driving end of the loom, a catch t, is attached by a pin; which catch proceeds through a hole in the lay, and protrudes, to a certain extent, in front of it, the upper part of the catch being gently pressed on by a small spring u, fixed to the front of the lay. Opposite the catch t, and fixed on a short shaft v, is a short vertical lever w, and on the opposite end of the shaft is fixed another lever, the top end of which, when the driving-strap is on the fast pulley, acts as a stop to the spring-handle that shifts the driving-strap, in order to keep the same from acting on the strap.

This apparatus is so adjusted, that every time the reed lays the weft, it is made to fly back from the side r, of the groove, and at the same time the catch t, is brought within a small distance of catching the end of the lever w. If the weft breaks, and the loom continues working, (the progress of taking-up still going on,) the opposition to the reed gradually ceases, and after a few picks of the loom, the catch t, drops on the end of the lever w, and at the returning stroke of the lay, the catch pulls the lever forward, in the direction of its motion, until it slips off the end of it. The stop-lever is, by this means, caused to liberate the spring-handle, and the loom is stopped.

When the weft is pieced, and before the loom is set to work again, the weaver, by means of the wheel-handle x, on the end of the shaft k, lets back the cloth to the place it was at when the weft broke.

The patentees claim, first, the arrangement by which the momentum of the fly-wheel is taken off the fast, and placed on the loose, driving-pulley; from whence, being brought to act on the driving-strap, its force is made available in driving the loom, when the said strap is working on the fast pulley thereof, and is prevented from causing injury or derangement to any of the parts belonging to the loom, when the momentum is suddenly checked, by the shuttle making a false pick, or otherwise.

Secondly, The application of the machinery or apparatus by which the rate or ratio of speed, in the taking-up of the cloth, is obtained, without the use of change-pinions, and principally by the application and use of the frictionpulley and face-plate, which rate or ratio of speed, in the taking-up, is unintermitting and uniform.

Thirdly,-The arrangement by which the combined effect of the vibrating or fly-reed, together with a system of levers

or other machinery, connected with, or acting on, the throwing-out-of-gear apparatus of the loom, is made to stop the loom when the weft breaks.-[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, November, 1834.]

Original Papers.

REPORT ON THE BUDE LIGHT.

BY ANDREW URE, M.D., F.R.S.,

Professor of Chemistry, Consulting and Analytical Chemist, &c.

From the Report of a Committee of the House of Commons, it appears that this light is so called from Bude, in Cornwall, the residence of its inventor, Mr. GURNEY-a name bestowed upon it at the Trinity House, to distinguish it from the ignited Lime light, which he first described in his Work on Chemistry, in the year 1823.

The Bude light originally consisted of an oil Argand flame, having a stream of oxygen thrown up over its internal surface, which produced a very vivid illumination. It was found, however, after having been used for some time in lighting the House of Commons, that oil lamps thus fed with vital air were expensive and difficult to regulate.

Mr. GURNEY then tried to illuminate the House with naphthalized coal gas, in Argand burners, similarly supplied with oxygen; and though this produced a light of sufficient intensity, he encountered a formidable obstacle to its continuance from the deposition of liquid naphtha in the tubes of distribution. He next happily devised a method of obtaining from ordinary coal gas, purified in a simple apparatus of his own, and burned with oxygen derived from the atmosphere, an effulgence adequate to every purpose of internal and external illumination, which is now used in the House of Commons with perfect success, and at a cost of only twelve shillings per night, whereas that of the candles,

previously used there, amounted to six pounds, eleven shillings, per night.

This new Bude light possesses the following advantages over all other kinds of artificial illumination hitherto displayed:-First. It gives as much light as the best Argand gas flames, with only one half the expenditure of gas. This very remarkable fact was established by experiments carefully conducted with the same standard wax candles which I employed for comparison prior to my examination before the late committee appointed to ascertain the best mode of lighting the House of Commons. A common Argand gas flame was found to emit a light equal to ten such candles (three to the pound,) and a Bude burner, called No. 10, gave a light equal to 94.7 of the candles. Thus the Bude flame had nearly ten times the illuminating power of the gas Argand flame, while, by means of an accurate gas metre, the former was ascertained to consume only 4.4 times the quantity of gas consumed by the latter, demonstrating the economy of the Bude light over common gas to be greater than two to one; and this economy increases in proportion to the magnitude of the light.

The source of this surprising superiority may be observed by comparing the two flames:-the base of the Argand gas flame is of a blue tint for fourteen-sixteenths of an inch, a space in which the gas burns with intense heat, but little or no light; whereas the base of the Bude flame acquires a dazzling whiteness at three-sixteenths of an inch from the metal; thus we see that through a range of eleven-sixteenths of an inch, the common gas Argand flame is wasted in producing the nuisance of heat without light.

Secondly. From the phenomena just noticed, as also from the circumstance of the Bude flame emitting a double light with a single volume of gas, when compared with the gas Argand, it is manifest that the former, in equal degree, can disengage, at the utmost, only half the heat that the latter does.

Thirdly. The Bude light simplifies greatly the means of artificial illumination, since it concentrates in one flame as much

light as will diffuse, throughout a large apartment, a mid-day lustre, which may be softened by shades of every hue, and reflected by mirrors in every direction.

Fourthly. From this property proceeds its value as a ventilator, since the single tube which carries off the burned gases, serves to draw out also the effluvia from a crowded chamber.

From all these facts, I am of opinion that Mr. GURNEY's new Bude light is a most meritorious invention in reference to both public and private buildings, as it removes altogether the objections hitherto justly urged against the use of the highly hydrogenous gas of the London Companies in dwelling houses,namely, that its heat is great in proportion to its light, when compared with the more highly carburetted gases of Edinburgh and Glasgow.

The time must therefore be now at hand when the great economy and convenience of lighting private houses with gas will be experienced by the inhabitants of the metropolis, as they have been for such a considerable time by those of every town of importance in Scotland.

That the same quantity of coal gas may be made to produce a double amount of illumination in Mr. Gurney's patent burner, to that obtained from it in an ordinary Argand, will appear to many a paradoxical, if not a doubtful, proposition. Of its reality, however, I am fully convinced, and I think the fact may be accounted for in the following way ::

Light, in general, is proportional to the intensity of ignition, a truth well exemplified in the effect of the oxy-hydrogen flame upon a bit of lime or clay. On the same principle, when the flames of two candles are brought into close contact, they afford a compound light, considerably greater than the sum of their separate lights. Now Mr. Gurney's burner gives such a compound flame. It consists of two or more concentric circles of holes, and consequently of two or more concentric cylinders of flame, mutually enhancing each others temperature, just as in Fresnel's polycycle oil Argand lamps, used in the French lighthouses.