The wire is carried in from the end of a hank or coil, to the required distance, at certain intervals, and is there cut off by shears, at every operation, in equal lengths, suited to form each of the respective staples or teeth of the card or shaft pin. In thus advancing, the wire is passed through a small hole in the centre of a pulley, and having been then cut off, the length of wire is held fast in the hole, whilst the pulley is depressed, through the agency of cams, acting upon the levers or arms that carry the gudgeons of the pulley. By these means, the pulley, with the piece of wire, is brought down between two conical cutters or files, and the ends of the wire brought into contact with the peripheries of the revolving conical cutters, which are of steel, and cut all over with file teeth.

The pulley, holding the piece of wire, revolves rapidly, and the conical files also, thereby causing the ends of the wire to be ground off by the file teeth of the cones, and hence to become sharp-pointed.

In order to perform this process of pointing with proper effect, the ends of the wire must come first into operation upon the smaller diameter of the conical files; and as the pointing operation proceeds, the cones slide onward, so that the points are finished at the larger diameter of the cone. This being done, the pulley rises to its former situation, when a pair of nippers, actuated by a cam, move forward, and taking the piece of wire between its chaps, recedes again, drawing the pointed wire out of the hole of the pulley; after which, it is let fall into a receptacle below, and the machine goes on to cut and point another piece, in like manner.

The particular features of novelty claimed, under this patent, are the pulley in which the wire is held, and made to revolve; the two conical revolving file cutters; and the mechanism by which these parts are made to perform their

evolutions, with suitable adjustments for varying the speeds and acting upon different lengths of wire, designed for particular purposes.[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, April, 1836.]

TO WILLIAM LOSH, of Little Benton, in the county of Northumberland, Esq., for his improvements in the manufacture of railway wheels.-[Sealed 26th June, 1841.]

THE patentee considers, that the metal wheels, used on railways, suffer great injury from the effects of the vibrations arising from the concussions to which their tires are subjected, being communicated through the solid metal, whereof the wheels are constructed, to the felloe, spokes, and nave; by which vibrations, the parts are frequently broken or disjointed. He purposes, therefore, to introduce, between the iron tire hoop and the felloe or rim of the wheel, a ring of wood, felt, or rope, or some other more elastic or non-conducting material, which, by intercepting the vibration of the tire, shall prevent the effects of concussion being communicated to the other parts of the wheel.

Several constructions of iron wheels are exhibited in the drawing, accompanying the specification, but not claimed, as being principally like those for which Mr. Losh has obtained a former patent, (see our present Series, Vol. VI., p. 107.) They are merely represented for the purpose of shewing the manner of introducing the non-elastic or nonconducting material between the outer tire-iron hoop and the felloe or rim and interior of the wheel.-[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, December, 1841.]

To JOHN RAND, of Howland-street, in the county of Middlesex, Gent., for improvements in preserving paints and other fluids.-[Sealed 4th March, 1841.]

THIS invention consists, firstly, in enclosing paints and other fluids, in thin-drawn tubes or cases of tin, or such other metal, of sufficient tenacity and pliability, that the tubes or cases, when made, may be closed at both ends airtight, by merely folding over the metal and nipping the seam so made; and also that their contents may be easily squeezed out by collapsing the tubes or cases with external pressure; by which means, portions of their contents may be withdrawn from time to time, as occasion may require, still preserving the remainder from the injurious effects of the atmosphere.

Secondly:-In the application, in certain cases, of an end nozzle or spout, and an air-tight cap, to the abovedescribed tubes or cases, for the purpose of emitting portions of their contents conveniently, and preserving the remainder by screwing on the cap, provided with a cork for that purpose.

Thirdly:-In the manner of closing the tubes or cases at the ends, so as to render them air-tight.

Fourthly:-In filling the tubes, through a spout or funnel, in such a manner as to exclude the air which might otherwise be forced in with the paint.

Fifthly:-In the application (for preserving paints and other fluids) of metal tin generally, for vessels, tubes, or cases of any shape, out of which the paint or fluid enclosed, may be expressed, as required, by causing the preserving vessel, tube, or cover, to collapse, and remain so at any point.

In Plate II., fig. 1, is a perspective view of one of the

drawn tubes or cases; fig. 2, is a perspective view of the same tube, after one end has been folded over like a hem, and nipped with a pair of nippers, (see fig. 3,) until the seam or joint, so made, is air-tight; fig. 4, is a perspective view of the same tube, after it has been filled with paint, with both ends folded over; fig. 5, is a longitudinal section of the tube or case, fitted with a nozzle or spout and cap; a, being a screw, on to which the cap b, screws; and c, a piece of cork, to keep the air from entering; fig. 6, is a perspective view of one of the tubes, half empty, shewing the sides, where the paint has been squeezed out, in a collapsed state, thereby preventing the ingress of air when the squeezing ceases, and before the cap can be screwed on again; fig. 7, is a sectional view of one of the drawn tubes, and the spout or funnel in the act of filling the tube.

The force with which the paint enters the tube, drives it off the end of the filler. The tube must not be quite filled, but an allowance must be made for the hem or seam, which is to be folded over after it comes off the filler.

The patentee claims, first,-preserving paints and other fluids, by enclosing them in drawn tubes or cases of tin or other metal, capable of being collapsed; secondly,-closing the said tubes or cases without the aid of cement or solder, by folding and nipping; thirdly,—adding, in certain cases, a nozzle or spout and screw, or other air-tight cap, to the said tubes or cases, or to any vessels, tubes, or cases, having the collapsing and other properties aforesaid; fourthly,filling such tubes or cases, or any other vessels, tubes, or cases, by means of spouts or funnels, reaching to the bottom of the tube or case, for the purpose of excluding the air during the process of filling; and lastly, the application of the metal tin generally, for the manufacture of collapsable drawn tubes or cases, or of collapsable vessels of any form,

for the purpose of expressing from them, and preserving in them paints and other fluids.—[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, September, 1841.]

TO WILLIAM WOOD, of Wilton, in the county of Wilts, carpet-manufacturer, for his invention of certain improvements in looms for weaving carpets and other fabrics. [Sealed 24th June, 1840.]

THIS invention applies to looms used for weaving certain descriptions of carpets, rugs, figured velvets, coach lace, and all kinds of fabrics, in which coloured figuring warp threads or yarns are used to form a raised face or figure on the fabric, by looping up such figuring yarns, by means of wires, as is common in all looms used for weaving Brussels carpets and other descriptions of carpeting.

The particular improvements consist in the method of weighting the bobbins which contain the coloured warp threads or figuring yarns, above referred to; and also in the method of mounting the bobbins on their axes in the bobbin frames.

In ordinary carpet looms, furnished with the necessary Jacquard apparatus, the usual plan of weighting the bobbins, is to attach a cord (having a weight at its lower end) to the periphery of a groove, formed at the end of each bobbin; which cord, as the drag or tension, caused by the action of the loom, takes place, becomes coiled round the groove, owing to the bobbin turning on its axis; and when the thread or yarn is slackened, (also by the action of the loom,) the weight, at the end of the cord, pulls the bobbin round the reverse way or back again, and thus takes up the