or so seriously disabled as to have been incapable of maintaining its position; and the Union army, though it had lost heavily, was in condition to have renewed the battle the succeeding day, had its commander so decided. The object for which the battle was fought was not attained. The rebel army was not prevented from returning to Virginia, and the war was not shortened by this battle, or indeed by the entire Maryland campaign.

The losses on both sides were very heavy. On the Union side, Gen. McClellan reported two thousand and ten killed, nine thousand four hundred and sixteen wounded, and one thousand forty-three missing, making a total of casualties of twelve thousand four hundred and sixty-nine, and in the two battles, South Mountain and Antietam,—fourteen thousand seven hundred and ninety-four. He estimated the rebel loss at twenty-five thousand five hundred and forty-two, of whom about five thousand were prisoners. Their own official reports were not published, but the correspondents of the southern papers did not admit so large a loss, though acknowledging that fourteen to fifteen thousand were hors du combat. They had two Generals killed and seven wounded. On the Union side, Gen's Mansfield, Rodman and Richardson, were killed or mortally wounded, and Gen's. Hooker, Sedgwick, Hartsuff, Dana, and Meagher were wounded.

On the 20th of September, the enemy evacuated Harper's Ferry, and fell back in the direction of Charlestown and Winchester. A part, however, remained for a day or two longer in the immediate vicinity of the Potomac, as Col. Barnes, commanding a brigade of Union troops who attempted to cross and attack them without orders, on the 21st, found to his cost, being compelled to retreat with a loss of one hundred and fifty in killed, wounded, and missing.

After the retreat of the rebels to Winchester, Gen, McClellan remained on the north side of the Potomac, called for

684

PURSUIT DELAYED

CONTROVERSY.

more re-enforcements, and announced his determination to fortify Maryland Heights, and to devote "a reasonable time to the organization of the army, and instruction of the new troops, preparatory to an advance on whatever line might be determined." He insisted that all the troops in and about Washington should be given him, except a small garrison force, and pledged himself, if allowed to take his own course, to be responsible for the safety of Washington. But "in any event," he said in his letter to Gen. Halleck, of September 27, “I regard it as absolutely necessary to send new regiments at once to the old corps, for purposes of instruction, and that the old regiments be filled at once." Gen. Halleck, Commander-inchief, and the President, both urged him to move forward, while the roads were good, and attack Gen. Lee, and if possible cut him off from Richmond, but finding their requests of no avail, Gen. Halleck, on the 6th of October, sent him a peremptory order to move, assuring him of prompt reenforcements.

While he did not refuse to obey this order directly, Gen. McClellan, by a great variety of excuses, delayed crossing till the 26th of October, and it was not till the 3d of November, that the rear of his army had reached the south side of the Potomac. At one time, he was waiting for the river to rise; at another, more shoes were needed by his men; at another, he had not horses enough, and was receiving only one hundred and fifty per week ;-the Quartermaster General's vouchers showed that he received an average of one thousand four hundred and fifty-nine a week, or eight thousand seven hundred and fifty-four in all ;—again, he feared that Stuart would make a raid into Pennsylvania, if he moved;-Stuart had just made such a raid, and made a complete circuit of his army, without molestation;—again, he could not move till the railroads were all repaired, and his horses needed rest; finally, he wanted time to consider what route to take. To these excuses, both the Pres

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ident and General Halleck replied, assuring him of the prompt filling of all his requisitions for supplies, and showing the absolute necessity for prompt movement.

At last, after all persuasions and orders had been tried in vain, the President, fully satisfied that Gen. McClellan had no intention of moving upon the enemy, relieved him of his command, on the 5th of November, and put Major General Burnside in his place.

CHAPTER XXVI.

THE GUERRILLA OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY THE EXPEDITION OF GEN. E. KIRBY SMITH -THE RACE BETWEEN BRAGG AND

BUELL BATTLE OF CHAPLIN

HILLS OR PERRYVILLE.

Raids of Morgan and Forrest―Their Results-Capture of Murfreesboro, Tenn. -Gen. E. Kirby Smith leaves Jacksborough, Tenn., with Fifteen Thousand Men, and Crosses the Cumberland Mountains- The Battles near Richmond, Ky. -Surrender of Gen. Manson's Command-Smith Proceeds to Lexington and Frankfort-His Proclamation-Gen. Bragg's Expedition-Enters Glasgow - His Proclamation-Appears before Munfordsville and Demands its Surrender-Brave and Protracted Defence of the place by Col's Wilder and Dunham Its Final Surrender-Bragg's Subsequent Course-Gen. Buell's Pursuit of Him-He Reaches Lebanon, Tennessee-Drives Bragg from Woodsonville and Munfordsville-Pursues Bragg along the Louisville and Nashville Rail Road-Passes him at Leesville and goes on to Louisville― He is then Removed from the Command, but Re-instated at the Instance of Kentuckian Generals-Pursues Bragg with a Hundred Thousand Men-The Battle of Chaplin Hills or Perryville - Losses on Both Sides - Bragg Escapes - Buell's Delay in Pursuing Him-His Retreat to Cumberland Gap and Buell's Pursuit — Army of the Ohio re-called to Louisville-Buell Removed and Gen. Rosecrans Appointed to Succeed Him-Bragg in Tennessee - Morgan Remains in Kentucky.

The summer of 1862, except in the extreme west and southwest, was not fruitful of victories. In the army of the Potomac, the army of Virginia, and the army of the Ohio, disaster followed disaster, and the armies, losing confidence in their leaders, though fighting far better than could have been expected under the circumstances, still wearied of a contest in which they were so generally the losers.

In completing our narrative of the campaigns of Gen. McClellan and Gen. Pope, in the east, we have necessarily omit

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687

ted any account of the events transpiring at the same time in the western armies; and it will therefore be necessary for us to go back in our account of these, to the early months of

summer.

About a fortnight after the evacuation of Corinth, on the 10th of June, Gen. Buell left that place with his army corps, with the intent to take possession of Chattanooga. This was a strong position in south-east Tennessee, near the confines of Georgia, Alabama, and Tennessee, which from its situation and rail-road connections, commanded East Tennessee. A large majority of the inhabitants were known to be loyal. That town also commanded the Virginia and Tennessee rail-road, over which the larger part of the supplies of the rebel army in Virginia were transported. Gen. Buell was detained for some days at Huntsville, Ala., in the re-organization of his army, and the more effectual enforcement of discipline, and, meantime, the rebel General Bragg, by a forced march from Tupello, Mississippi, reached Chattanooga and took possession of the town, and of the Virginia and Tennessee rail-road, before Gen. Buell was ready to move forward upon it. Finding himself foiled in his purpose, and being satisfied that Bragg's force was larger than his own, Gen. Buell settled down very quietly at Battle Creek, Huntsville, and McMinnville, making Huntsville his headquarters.

Meanwhile there were indications that the rebels were determined to retain their hold upon Kentucky, or at least to draw from thence supplies, which were becoming scarce and dear in the south-western States. Small bodies of guerrillas made a dash into various portions of the State, and plundered horses, shoes, Kentucky jeans, and other goods of which they were in need, making sometimes but little distinction between the Union and disloyal citizens.

There were several of these bands, the most formidable and active being commanded by the rebel leaders, Forrest, and