598. VOCABULARY.

=

By from, in accordance with, e, | Invite, invito, āre, āvi, ātum.

ex, prep. with abl.

Clear, clarus, a, um.

Mention, say, dico, ère, dixi, dic

tum.

Communicate, relate, trado, ère, Opulent, opulentus, a, um.

didi, ditum.

Preserve, conservo, āre, āvi, ātum.

Conquer completely, devinco, ère, Prosperous, happy, beātus, a, um.

1. Reason invites young men to justice, equity, and fidelity. 2. How many things do we do for the sake of our friends, which we would never do for the sake of our foes! 3. Dionysius was for thirty-eight years the tyrant of a most opulent and prosperous state. 4. I did not suppose even those things which I have mentioned above, to be new to you. 5. It is fitting that he who obeys should hope that he will some time rule, and that he who rules should consider that he must in a short time obey. 6. Those things which you have said are clearer than the sun itself. 7. Epaminondas, the commander of the Thebans, did not deliver the army to him who by law had succeeded him as praetor, but, having himself retained it a few days contrary to law, he conquered the Lacedaemoni8. Even if many should contend with you in valor, you would yet easily surpass them all. 9. Caius Duillius

ans.

completely conquered the Carthaginians in a very great battle. 10. Cicero, whose orations we read when boys, preserved the republic. 11. It is not easy to find one who does not communicate to another what he himself knows.

LESSON CV.

ARRANGEMENT OF CLAUSES.

600. Rules for the Arrangement of Clauses. See G. 603-606.

601. A verb which has an Infinitive Clause as its object, may either precede or follow such clause, or may be inserted within it; and, in the latter case, it usually stands directly after the Subject Accusative, or directly before it. See Model II.

602. A subject or object which is common to both the principal and the subordinate clauses, generally stands at the beginning of the sentence, and is followed by the subordinate clause. See Model III.

1. MODEL II.

604. REMARKS.

· Dixit might have been placed before aquam, or even at the end of the sentence.

2. MODEL III. — TO THE RIGHts of Roman CITIZENSHIP, in popăli Romāni civitatem, lit. into the citizenship of the Roman people.

605. SYNONYMES.

To feign, invent, pretend, disguise; fingo, simulo, dissimulo.

1. Fingo, ere, finxi, fictum; TO FEIGN, TO INVENT, TO DEVISE, with the leading idea of forming or devising something, whether true or false.

2. Simulo, āre, āvi, ātum; TO PRETEND, TO FEIGN, represent as true that which is known to be false.

3. Dissimulo, āre, āvi, ātum; TO DISGUISE, TO CONCEAL.

606. VOCABULARY.

Accomplish, attain, assèquor, i, | Indeed, then, tandem, adv.; lit. at

profui. G. 290; 385. To

render a greater service, plus
prodesse.

Some time, at some time, aliquan

do, adv.

instruct, erudio, tre, ivi or ii, itum.

That, expressing purpose, when

the dependent clause contains a comparative, quo, conj.

State, commonwealth, res publica, Without, be without, careo, ère, ui,

rei publicae, f.

Teach, doceo, ere, docui, doctum; Work, memorial, monument, mon

itum. G. 425.

umentum, i, n.

607. EXERCISE.

1. When Demosthenes was expected to speak, multitudes assembled from the whole of Greece for the purpose of hearing him. 2. Men do not wonder at what they frequently see, even if they do not know why it happens. 3. When I was praised by Cato, I could easily bear even to be censured by the others. 4. Philosophers have taught many to be better citizens and more useful to their states, as Lysis taught Epaminondas of Thebes; Plato, Dion of Syracuse; Aristotle, Alexander of Macedon. 5. And not only while alive do they instruct and teach those who are desirous of learning, but they also accomplish this same thing by their literary works even after death. 6. How long, indeed, shall he who has surpassed all enemies in crime be without the name of an enemy? 7. I shall not be able to disguise the fact that those things which have been done thus far displease me. 8. Solon pretended to be mad, both that his life might be more secure, and that he might render a greater service to the republic. 9. They have invented many accusations against the consul. 10. The Athenians were wont to say that every land which produced the olive tree was theirs.

CHAPTER III.

STRUCTURE OF LATIN SENTENCES.

LESSON CVI.

COMPACTNESS OF STRUCTURE.

.608. The Latin in the form and structure of sentences differs widely from the English. Accordingly, in translating from the vernacular into that language, it is often necessary to reconstruct the sentence to adapt it to the Latin idiom.

609. But the true type of the Latin sentence, with its compactness, symmetry, and beauty, cannot be learned from rules. It can be acquired only by a careful study of the best models. On this point, therefore, the learner must turn for instruction and guidance to the pages of Caesar and Cicero, those great masters of Latin style. It is only necessary, therefore, in this chapter, to call his attention to the leading characteristics of the Latin sentence, and to guard him against certain errors into which he is liable to fall.

610. Compactness of structure is a prominent characteristic of the Latin idiom. Accordingly an English sentence which is to be translated into Latin, if not already concisely expressed, must first be thrown into a compact form, preparatory to a literal rendering. Thus,

I. English sentences beginning with the impersonal forms, it is said that he, they, etc., it is reported that, etc., it is thought that, it seems that, the order is given that, and the