to visit you. 11. We cannot sufficiently praise Brutus and Cassius, whom you defend. 12. We see that tyranny remained, though the tyrant was removed. 13. Those things which moved me would also have moved you. 14. The inventions of necessity are more ancient than those of pleasure.

LESSON CIV.

EUPHONY AND RHYTHM.

595. In arranging a Latin sentence, attention must be paid to Euphony and Rhythm. But here the best results can be secured only by the aid of a cultivated ear. A few practical directions, however, may aid the learner in avoiding obvious errors.

I. Avoid the monotonous effect produced by a series of words of the same length, especially of monosyllables; as, et fons et pons.

II. Avoid the frequent repetition of the same letters in corresponding parts of successive words, especially in the endings; as, Graeciam quondam magnam vocātam.

III. Avoid the genitive plural of future active participles, on account of the harshness of its sound; as, moniturōrum, recturarum. But the genitive plural of futurus is sometimes

necessary.

IV. Avoid placing a word which ends in two or more consonants before one which begins with two or more consonants; as, ingens stridor.

V. Aim at variety in the length, sound, and ending of successive words, and in the ending of successive clauses. See Models I. and II.

VI. Special attention should be given to the end of the sentence. A word of two or more syllables with a round and full sound should be selected for this place when the sense permits. A monosyllable should not be so used, unless it be the copula sum, es, est, etc., or some other word which blends readily, in sound and in sense, with what precedes. See Models I. and II.

To surpass, conquer, overcome; supĕro, vinco, devinco.

1. Supero, āre, āvi, ātum; TO SURPASS, TO OVERCOME, TO

SURMOUNT.

2. Vinco, ĕre, vici, victum; TO CONQUER, the usual word in this sense.

3. Devinco, ere, vici, victum; TO CONQUER COMPLETELY, TO OVERCOME, TO SUBDUE, -stronger than vinco.

598. VOCABULARY.

By from, in accordance with, e, | Invite, invito, āre, āvi, ātum.

=

ex, prep. with abl.

Clear, clarus, a, um.

Mention, say, dico, ère, dixi, dic

tum.

Communicate, relate, trado, ère, Opulent, opulentus, a, um.

didi, ditum.

Preserve, conservo, āre, āvi, ātum.

Conquer completely, devinco, ère, Prosperous, happy, beātus, a, um.

1. Reason invites young men to justice, equity, and fidelity. 2. How many things do we do for the sake of our friends, which we would never do for the sake of our foes! 3. Dionysius was for thirty-eight years the tyrant of a most opulent and prosperous state. 4. I did not suppose even those things which I have mentioned above, to be new to you. 5. It is fitting that he who obeys should hope that he will some time rule, and that he who rules should consider that he must in a short time obey. 6. Those things which you have said are clearer than the sun itself. 7. Epaminondas, the commander of the Thebans, did not deliver the army to him who by law had succeeded him as praetor, but, having himself retained it a few days contrary to law, he conquered the Lacedaemonians. 8. Even if many should contend with you in valor, you would yet easily surpass them all. 9. Caius Duillius

completely conquered the Carthaginians in a very great battle. 10. Cicero, whose orations we read when boys, preserved the republic. 11. It is not easy to find one who does not communicate to another what he himself knows.

LESSON CV.

ARRANGEMENT OF CLAUSES.

600. Rules for the Arrangement of Clauses. See G. 603-606.

601. A verb which has an Infinitive Clause as its object, may either precede or follow such clause, or may be inserted. within it; and, in the latter case, it usually stands directly after the Subject Accusative, or directly before it. See Model II.

602. A subject or object which is common to both the principal and the subordinate clauses, generally stands at the beginning of the sentence, and is followed by the subordinate clause. See Model III.

603. MODELS.

I. Let us defend that which we think; for our judgments are free.

II. Thales said that water was the first principle of all things.

III. Cato, though born at Tusculum, was admitted to the rights of Roman citizenship.

I. Defendamus quod sentīmus; sunt enim judicia libera.

II. Thales aquam dixit esse initium omni

um rerum.

III. Cato, quum esset Tusculi natus, in populi Romani civitātem susceptus est.

604. REMARKS.

1. MODEL II.- Dixit might have been placed before aquam, or even at the end of the sentence.

2. MODEL III. - To the rights of Roman citiZENSHIP, in popŭli Romāni civitātem, lit. into the citizenship of the Roman people.

605. SYNONYMES.

To feign, invent, pretend, disguise; fingo, simulo, dissimulo. 1. Fingo, ere, finxi, fictum; TO FEIGN, TO INVENT, TO DEVISE, with the leading idea of forming or devising something, whether true or false.

2. Simulo, are, āvi, ātum; TO PRETEND, TO FEIGN, represent as true that which is known to be false.

3. Dissimulo, are, āvi, ātum; TO DISGUISE, TO CONCEAL.

606. VOCABULARY.

to

Accomplish, attain, assequor, i, | Indeed, then, tandem, adv.; lit. at