KIND,inquires after some distinguishing characteristic of the object, while quis and uter inquire after the object itself.

II. All, every; omnis, quisque, unus quisque.

1. Omnis, e; ALL, EVERY, EVERY ONE, EVERY PART, with the idea of including the whole.

2. Quisque, quaeque, quidque or quodque; EVERY, EVERY ONE, EACH ONE, - giving prominence to the individual, rather than to the whole of which he is a part.

3. Unus quisque (unus, a, um); EVERY ONE, EVERY SINGLE ONE, EVERY INDIVIDUAL OBJECT, — stronger than quisque, as it admits no exception.

490. VOCABULARY.

Individual, one, unus, a, um.
176, 1.

G.

doing, is done, agitur, actum est, pass. of ago. Lightly, leviter, adv.

Age, period of life, aetas, ātis, f.
All, each, every, quisque, quaeque,
quodque and quidque or quic- Is
que; G. 191, 1, 1); omnis, e.
Each topic, quidque. All the
good, optimus quisque, lit.
each best man.

On the subject of, concerning, de, prep. with abl.

Commend, make acceptable, probo, Once, formerly, quondam, adv.

āre, āvi, ātum.

Commit to writing, litteris mando, Roscius, Roscius, ii, m.

Praetor, praetor, ōris, m.

491. EXERCISE.

1. Who saluted him? 2. Which one of us is the friend of the people, you or I? 3. What is the condition of the republic? 4. I have committed to writing the conversation which Crassus and Antony once (formerly) held with each other on the subject of eloquence. 5. The census of Sicily was taken every fifth year; it was taken in the praetorship of Verres. 6. What is more desirable than wisdom? what more worthy of a man? 7. Those who seek this are called philosophers. 8. Death is common to every age. 9. Each of your friends will write to you. 10. I will touch lightly each individual topic. 11. The consuls so conducted themselves that they commended their plans to all the good. 12. Sextus Roscius not only was not at Rome, but did not know at all what was doing at Rome, for the reason that he was constantly in the country.

LESSON XC.

VERBS.

ACTIVE. PASSIVE. TRANSITIVE. INTRAN-
SITIVE.

492. With transitive verbs a thought may in general, at the pleasure of the writer, be expressed either actively or passively; but if the subject of the active construction would be an abstract noun with a genitive of the real agent, the passive construction is preferred. See Models I. and II.

493. Those verbs which in English are used both transitively and intransitively must be rendered into Latin with

special care, as we often find in such cases that the transitive sense must be rendered by one verb and the intransitive by another. Thus the verb to increase, when used transitively, must be rendered by augeo, but when used intransitively by

cresco.

494. The English Impersonal Construction in the passive voice is often rendered personally in Latin. This is espécially common with verbs of perceiving, declaring, saying, thinking, finding, seeming, and the like. See Model III.

1. But in the Compound tenses of verbs of saying and thinking, the Latin prefers, the Impersonal Construction: traditum est, dictum est, dicendum est, credendum est, etc. See Model IV.

495. But the English Personal Construction may sometimes be rendered into Latin by the Impersonal. Thus, 1. The Second Periphrastic Conjugation is often Impersonal. See Model V.

2. Latin verbs which are intransitive in the active-i. e. do not govern the accusative—in the passive can be used only impersonally. See Model VI.

1. MODEL II. - In this sentence, though the Active construction is used in the English, the Passive is preferable in the Latin.

2. MODEL III. Observe the Personal construction.

3. MODEL V.-The Impersonal construction is necessary in the Passive, because resisto does not admit the Accusative.

4. MODEL VI. - AN UNSUCCESSFUL BATTLE WAS FOUGHT, male pugnātum est, lit. it was fought badly.

498. VOCABULARY.

Acquire, paro, āre, āvi, ātum.
Act, do, facio, ere, feci, factum.
Admire, wonder at, miror, āri,
ātus sum, dep.

Be eminent, unus, a, um, emineo,

ere, ui, or emineo alone. Commonwealth, res publica, rei publicae, f.

Desert, desèro, ère, serui, sertum.
Diminish, minuo, ère, ui, ūtum.
Eminent, excelling, excellens, entis.
Esteem lightly, despise, contemno,

ère, tempsi, temptum.
Great, illustrious, amplus, a, um.
Increase, trans., augeo, ère, auxi,

auctum.

Kind, every kind, omne genus;

genus, ĕris, n.

My, your, etc., own productions,

mea, tua, etc. G. 441, 1.

Old, senex, senis; as substant., an

old person.

Oratory, dicendi, o, um, o, ger. of dico, lit. of, for, etc., speak

ing.
Resources, means, opes, opum, f.
pl. G. 133, 1.
Scaevola. Scaevola, ae, f.
So far, tantum, adv. So far am I
from, tantum abest ut with
subj., the clause with ut being
the subject of abest.

Spirit, courage, animus, i, m.
Withdraw, decedo, ère, cessi, ces-

sum.

499. EXERCISE.

1. Money has always been lightly esteemed by all the greatest and most distinguished men. 2. He defended the commonwealth when he was a young man; he will not desert it now that he is old. 3. I have always praised Cato as a commander. 4. Cato, as a man eminent (excelling) in every virtue, has been praised by all. 5. It seems to me that Crassus acted more wisely than Scaevola. 6. So far are we from admiring our own productions, that Demosthenes himself, who is eminent among all in every kind of oratory (speaking), does not satisfy us. 7. Your plans will not diminish, but increase, the calamity. 8. There is no doubt that the resources and spirits of the enemy are increasing from day to day. 9. The valor of Scipio compelled Hannibal to withdraw from Italy. 10. We must not only acquire wisdom, but also use it.

500. In general statements the second person singular, or the first and third persons plural, are often used in Latin to denote an indefinite subject, as people, persons in general. Thus,

I. The second person singular is used when the remark is conceived of as addressed to any one who may chance to hear or read it; you, any one. The second person of the subjunctive is frequently so used. See Model III.