Lawgiver, be a lawgiver, leges scriběre, lit. to enact laws.

of learning, doctrinae,

f. sing. gen. Leontine, of Leontini, Leontinus,

a, um.

Less, minor, us, comp. of parvus.

G. 165.

Leuctrian, of Leuctra, Leuctricus,

a, um.

Lighten, levo, āre, āri, ātum.

pl. gen.

lit. to propose to one's self nothing else except.

So, sometimes rendered by is, ea,

id; so virtuous, ea virtute, lit. of that virtue; so wise,

ea sapientia, lit. of that wisdom. G. 428.

Statesman, be a statesman, rei pub

licae praesum, esse, fui; lit. to superintend the republic. Suffering, pain, dolor, ōris, m.

of letters, litterārum, f. Superbus, Superbus, i, m.

No, non, adv.

Of = out of, e, ex, prep. with abl.
Old age, senectus, ūtis, f.

Pharsalian, of Pharsalus, or Phar

salia, Pharsalius, a, um.
Prodicus, Prodicus, i, m.
Propose to one's self no other aim,

nihil sibi aliud nisi proponĕre;
propōno, ère, posui, positum ;

Tarquinius, Tarquinius, ii, m.

Useful, be useful, utilitātem affèro,

ferre, attuli, allātum, lit. impart advantage.

Warrior, be a warrior, bellum gero, ère, gessi, gestum, lit. to wage

war.

While, when, quum, conj.
Wrong, pravus, a, um.

445. EXERCISE.

1. As there is a difference between the right and the wrong, so is there between the true and the false. 2. Gorgias of Leontini, the teacher of Isocrates, lived one 3. Prodicus of Ceus was in 4. After the battle of Pharsalia, Cicero wrote to Atticus. 5. After the battle of Leuctra, Epami

hundred and seven years. great honor.

nondas was in great honor. regarded as wise, one of the no less useful than warriors.

6. Solon the lawgiver was Seven. 7. Statesmen are 8. Pythagoras came to

Crotona in the fourth year of the reign of Tarquinius Superbus. 9. Literary studies delight old age. 10. Many while in exile have lightened their suffering by learned studies. 11. Our forefathers were so virtuous and wise, that, in enacting laws, they proposed to themselves no other aim than the safety and advantage of the republic.

LESSON LXXXV.

ADJECTIVES CONTINUED.

446. When two or more Adjectives belong to the same substantive, as attributives,

1. They may be separate and independent modifiers of that substantive, and must then be connected by conjunctions.

2. One of them may modify the substantive directly, while the others modify the complex idea formed by the substantive and adjective united. The connective is then omitted:

Obscure and difficult subjects, res obscuras atque difficiles. All Latin words, omnia verba Latina.

447. By a difference of idiom, the Latin generally uses the connective after multi, permulti, plurimi, etc., though the English omits it in similar cases:

Many large states, multae et magnae civitātes.

448. The Positive with too, somewhat, unusually, may be rendered by the Latin Comparative, and the Positive with very, exceedingly, by the Superlative:

Too short, brevior. Very short, brevissimus.

But instead of the Latin Comparative in the sense of too, the Positive with nimis may be used, and instead of the Superlative in the sense of very, the Positive with valde:

Too great, nimis magnus. Very great, valde magnus.

Here the emphasis rests upon too and very, rather than upon the adjective itself.

449. The Positive with as as possible is rendered by the Superlative with quam or quantus, with or without possum:

As great as possible, quam maximus, with or without possum. See Model II.

450. When in English two comparatives occur with thethe, or with the-so much the, they are generally best rendered into Latin by Comparatives with quanto — tanto, quo―eo or quo-hoc. See Model III.

1. MODEL I. — DEBT, aes aliēnum, lit. copper or money belonging to

another.

2. MODEL III.

THE THE, quo- eo, lit. by what or how much

by this or so much.

453. SYNONYMES.

Good, upright, honorable; bonus, probus, honestus.

1. Bonus, a, um; GOOD, -the generic word for this quality, applicable both to persons and to things.

2. Probus, a, um; UPRIGHT, BLAMELESS,

HONORABLE, VIRTUOUS, NOBLE

quality, free from blame rather than worthy of praise.

3. Honestus, ɑ, ит; MINDED, — involving a delicate sense of honor and duty.

454. VOCABULARY.

Another's, belonging to another, | Occupy the mind, in animo versor,

alienus, a, um.

Armenian, Armenius, ii, m.

āri, atus, lit. to move about in the mind.

Contract, contraho, ĕre, traxi, | Princely, regālis, e.

tractum.

Pursuit, exertion, studium, ii, n.

Debt, aes aliēnum, lit. another's Release, libero, āre, āvi, ātum.

Heavy, weighty, great, severe, The - the, with comparatives, quo

gravis, e.

Long-continued, very long, perdi

uturnus, a, um.

Loud, great, magnus, a, um.
Many of the, multi, ae, a, pl.,

agreement with noun.
Money, aes, aeris, n., lit. copper.
Noble-minded, honestus, a, um.

-eo. G. 418. Lit. by how

much-by so much.

Thought, cogitatio, ōnis, f.

Tigranes, Tigrānes, is, m.
in Till, colo, ère, colui, cultum.

Upright, probus, a, um.
Verse, versus, us, m.
Voice, vox, vocis, f.

455. EXERCISE.

1. Cicero says that the good are always happy. 2. Nothing seems to Xenophon so princely as the pursuit of tilling the field. 3. The Romans waged a severe and long-continued war with Tigranes the king of the Armenians. 4. Cicero released the state from a false debt. 5. The consuls contracted no new debt for the state. 6.

This large and heavy debt was contracted many years since. 7. Many weighty thoughts occupied the mind of the commander. 8. This verse is too long by one syllable. 9. No one can be too honorable. 10. The orator spoke with as loud a voice as possible. 11. The greater the fault is, the greater the pain. 12. Nothing is more worthy of a great and good man than virtue. 13. All upright men love equity itself. 14. Many of the best citizens and most noble-minded men were driven into exile.

LESSON LXXXVI.

PRONOUNS. - PERSONAL.

REFLEXIVE.

456. The Nominatives I, you, we, when not emphatic, are omitted in rendering into Latin. See Model I.

457. He, she, it, they, him, her, them, when not emphatic, are usually omitted in rendering, if they can be omitted without ambiguity. See Model II.

458. When necessary, these Pronouns are rendered (1) generally by is, but (2) if more demonstrative in force, in the sense of this one, that one, by hic or ille; and (3) if emphatic, but not reflexive (G. 448), he himself, himself, by ipse. See Models I. and III.

459. But these Pronouns must sometimes be rendered by the Reflexive se.

Thus,

1. The Objectives himself, herself, itself, themselves, must be rendered by se. See Model IV.

2. In a Subordinate Clause expressing the sentiment of the Principal Subject, the Objectives him, her, it, them, must be rendered by se when they refer to the Principal Subject. See Model V.