8.

enemy delights brave men. 7. The army was stationed in the forum and in all the temples around the forum. This preceptor will instruct us in regard to philosophy. 9. We send our sons to the teachers of wisdom. 10. Epicurus boasted that he had had no teacher (master). 11. Tiberius Gracchus always had select teachers (masters) from Greece.

LESSON LXXXIII.

SPECIAL WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS.

426. Such words as property, duty, business, mark, characteristic, after the verb to be, are generally omitted in rendering into Latin, as their force is fully expressed in the Predicate Genitive:

It is the duty of a judge, judicis est. It is the mark of a narrow mind, angusti animi est.

427. Substantives after as, when, for, of, are often rendered by Appositives, the particles as, when, etc., being omitted. See Model II.

428. But in such cases, as is sometimes rendered by ut, and then the appositive shows in what capacity or light the person or thing denoted by the leading substantive is viewed. See Model III.

429. While the relation denoted by the preposition of is generally rendered by the Genitive, that denoted by some other prepositions, as to, for, from, in, on account of, is sometimes so rendered:

Gratitude for a favor, beneficii gratia. Escape from labors, labōrum fuga. See above, 413, Model II.

Pride, arrogance, insolence; superbia, arrogantia, insolentia.

1. Superbia, ae, f.; PRIDE, HAUGHTINESS,

CIENCY.

SELF-SUFFI

2. Arrogantia, ae, f.; ARROGANCE, HAUGHTINESS, shown in great pretensions and assumptions.

3. Insolentia, ae, f.; INSOLENCE, -an offensive display of superiority in an insulting manner.

But, vero, etc., conj. G. 587, Perceive, perspicio, ère, spexi,

III. 2.

Caius, Caius, Caii, m.

Consider, cogito, āre, āvi, ātum.
Contrary to, contra, prep. with acc.
Excite, concito, āre, āvi, ātum.

spectum.

Perfect, perfectus, a, um.

Popilius, Popilius, ii, m.
Pride, superbia, ae, f.
Prudence, prudentia, ae, f.

Regard, habeo, ere, ui, itum, lit. | Riches, divitiae, ārum, f. pl. G.

Require, compel, cogo, čre, coegi, Senator, senātor, ōris, m.

coactum.

Wickedness, scelus, èris, n.

433. EXERCISE.

2.

1. To love riches is the mark of a narrow mind. It is the part of a wise man to do nothing contrary to the laws. 3. It is the duty of a good man to cultivate all the virtues. 4. Caius Popilius was sent as an ambassador to Antiochus the king. 5. Achilles obtained Homer as the herald of his valor. 6. Jupiter was regarded both as the king and as the father of all the gods. 7. It is the duty of a judge to consider, not what he himself wishes, but what the law requires. 8. To defend that which is right, I have ever thought a characteristic both of brave heroes and of great men. 9. To think this, is a mark of prudence; to do it, of fortitude; but both to think and to do it, of perfect virtue. 10. Great hatred is often excited against pride and arrogance. 11. We have perceived, not only the audacity and wickedness of Antony, but also his insolence and pride. 12. All greatly praise your Cato, as a senator, as a commander, and as a man.

LESSON LXXXIV.

RENDERING OF CERTAIN NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES.

434. In English, Adjectives are used substantively only in the Plural, but in Latin they are occasionally so used even

in the Singular, especially in the Neuter with an abstract

sense:

The truth, verum (a true thing). No sincerity, nihil sincēri (nothing of the sincere).

435. Proper names of places, when used with of or from to designate nativity or origin, are usually rendered by Latin Adjectives:

Archytas of Tarentum, Archytas Tarentinus. Gorgias of Leontini, Gorgias Leontinus. See G. 441, 5.

436. Proper names with prepositions, as of, in, are often rendered by Latin Adjectives:

Ulysses in Homer, Homericus Ulixes. Hercules in Xenophon, Hercules Xenophonteus. The battle of Pharsalia, proelium Pharsalioum. The battle of Cannae, Cannensis pugna. See G. 441, 5.

437. The English expressions, the first part of, the middle (part) of, the last part of, the highest part of, the lowest part of, and the like, are generally rendered by Latin Adjectives:

The first part of the province, prima provincia. The middle of summer, media aestas. See G. 441, 6.

438. Substantives, which designate persons as the agents of actions, may often be best rendered into Latin by Relative Clauses:

Hearers, ii qui audiunt (those who hear). Statesmen, ii qui rei publicae praesunt (those who preside over the republic). Lawgivers, ii qui leges scribunt (those who write laws).

439. Participial nouns and verbal nouns with of, should generally be rendered into Latin by a Passive Participle or a Gerund:

In liberating the country, in liberanda patria. Desirous of hearing you, cupidus te audiendi. See G. 580; 559-566.

440. Many adjectives are best rendered into Latin by the Genitive of nouns.

1. SPIRITUAL, MENTAL, must be rendered by animi, mentis, or ingenii; BODILY, by corporis :

By mental diseases, animi morbis. Bodily pain, dolor corporis. Mental culture, cultura animi.

2. LITERARY may be rendered by litterārum; LEARNED, sometimes by doctrinae, doctrinārum; artis, artium; PHILOSOPHICAL, by philosophiae, or de philosophia:

Literary pursuits, litterārum studia. Learned studies, doctrinae

studia.

441. Adjectives with adverbial modifiers may often be best rendered into Latin by the Genitive or Ablative of Characteristic. See Model III.

See G. 580.

1. MODEL II.- IN SELECTING FRIENDS.

2. MODEL III. - HOW BLAMELESS, quanta innocentia, lit. with (of)