This writer coolly and rationally argues the above-mentioned points with Dr Price, in order to prove, that paper-currency is not, as the Doctor maintains, merely the reprefentative of a representative (coin),-the Gign of a gu, but really the reprefentative of fubftantial property; that, " confequently, no danger is to be apprehended from its circulation; that there is room for more in the market:that it is capable of being governed by fixed rules and criterions, fo as to prevent the evils arising from an immoderate flow of accommodative paper;—at the fame time that, by its means, a ready afliftance can be given to government by occafional advances upon fuch pledges as government offer, and merchants or bank-directors think proper to lend upon."

If bank-notes," continues the remarker, were visionary, iffued out without property fomewhere depofited as a pledge to the bank correfponding to the nominal value of fich notes, then much mischief might be expected But upon every inquiry I can make, I cannot find any note fued without corre fponding fecurity. If to government, govern ment-fecurities are pledged, certain duties a rifing from taxes or levies of one kind or other are made over. The idea of property fill is annexed to the paper and fuch loans are in the abstract no more than the anticipation of property, paid to government through the medium of paper, fome little time before the property was due or receivable."

With respect to the national debt, our author thinks, that, enormous as it may be, the Doctor's estimate of it is equally erroneous with his eftimation of paper. "It is ufually compared," he obferves," with the circulating specie. From the fmailness of this, and the largeness of the other, many horrible confequences are drawn.-Would it be fair in private life to cftimate a man's riches by the money he carries about him, or lays by in his bureau ?-No;-in private life we make different and more rational eChimates. The worth or riches of a man are judged of by his poffeffions of all kinds.Why thould we not in public concern take as wide and liberal a ground to argue upon?" On the whole, this moderate and sensible writer concludes, That the idea of natio

gument:That our resources are great, and nearly inexhaustible :- That our profpects upon entering into a war are far from gloo my and unpromifing, in what refpects the raising supplies : — That the national debt, however great, is not out of proportion to the immense property and riches of the na tion at large :-In fhort, that we are a much happier and more flourishing people than can be met with throughout Europe;-and therefore, in all refpects, a sturdy match for any adversaries who may rise up against us." M. America.

The honour of parliament and the juftice of the nation vindicated. In a reply to Dr Price's "Obfervations," &c. I s. 6 d. W. Davis. Rather lively than folid. The advocates for America will reprobate the politics of this writer, while the friends of government will affert, that he has given his antagonist many a smart rap on the knuckles. M.. When Dr Price has been detected of fuch notorious mifreprefentations respecting facts, it is hardly to be fuppofed that he fhould continue to obtain much credit in what relates to matters of opinion. Indeed the intemperate zeal which he betrays, is totally incompatible with the difpofition of mind requifite for the impartial investigation of truth. His principles, of confequence, are generally chimerical, and his inferences either fallacious or abfurd. The author of this pamphlet attacks him with ferious argument and raillery, and has evidently much the advantage of the Rev. champion on the fubject of the American conteft. C.

Remarks on Dr Price's "Obfervations," &c. 15. Kearsley.This Remarker cannot reason, but he can rail. M. This au thor animadverts with great juftice on Dr Price's definition of civil liberty, which he clearly fhews to be incompatible with the idea of government, and even inconfiftent with the Doctor's own principles in other parts of his treatise. He refutes the most ef fential propofitions in Dr Price's performance. C.

A letter to the Rev. Dr Price, on his "Obfervations on the nature of civil liberty," &c. 6 d. Evans. — Declaims against the Doctor's declamation. M. If this opponent does not uniformly maintain the gravity of a commentator, he has not facrificed to the le vity of ridicule any paffage which was not liable to cenfore. C.

Reflections on the prefent state of the A merican war. 1 5. Payne. The chief view of this Reflector is, to fhew us the great danger that will attend our holding forth the olive-branch toward the revolted Americani. “ Any proposal," fays he, "of a treaty, any offer of compofition or accommodation,

Let

in the present circumstances and ftate of the war, would be a measure the most pernicious that could possibly be adopted or devised. Sach a proceeding would throw a lafting difhonour upon this country; it would, in the inftant, be productive of dangerous mifchief, and, in the end, would be ufelefs, unavailing, and without any effect." To prove this doctrine, is the general bufinefs of the pamphlet. -The author feems refolutely bent on the conquest or extermination of the devoted cologits. Yet he graciously gives them to understand, that if they will lay down their arms, the horrors of war will ceafe." "Let them," fays he, "abandon the leaders of the revolt to the juft vengeance of an infulted empire, and a veil may be indulgently eft over the delinquency of the reft. them come as fuppliants, and they may obtain through intreaty what can never be extorted by force." This is great language, indeed! and well does it comport with our author's high fentiments of the relation between fovereign and subject;-" on the one fide unlimited authority, and obedience unrejerved on the other."We wonder how much time it would require to effect an accommodation with America, if the business were referred to this gentleman and Dr Price! M. A further examination of our American measures, and of the reasons and the principles on which they are founded. By the author of "Confiderations on the measures carrying on with respect to the British colonies in North America." 3 s. boards. Baldbin-Generally received as the work of Mr Mw R-b-nf―n. Sound argument, falutary admonitions, and very alarming predictions. M. Warm in favour of the colonies.

A letter to Lord George Germaine. 15. AlWritten with a view of intimidating administration in the profecution of the American war. C. As to the naval force of North America, he fays, that in the laft war the fingle province of New York fitted out 48 privateers, mounting 675 guns, and manned with 5530 men, at a time too when they had a large body of foldiers in the field, 1000 battoe-men employed in the rivers and lakes, and carried on an extenfive commerce to e very part of the world; that fince that pefind their number of ships and seamen have been nearly doubled, and as their trade is now reftrained, it may be prefumed they will have a body of 11,060 feamen ready to act against G. Britain; and that if to thefe be added the failors and fishers of the whole continent, whom our oppressive acts have deprived of employmeat, and confequently given to the defence of their feveral provin ces, the number will exceed 40,000 feamen. As to their land-force, he fays he has been favoured by an American with the following VOL. XXXVIII.

Agrees nearly with Dr Price [126.] 428,400

The critical moment, on which the falvation or deftruction of the British empire depends. Containing the rife, progrefs, prefent ftate, and natural confequences of our American difputes. By Janus. 2 S. Setchell. -This author fhews a more comprehenfive knowledge of the fubject than is common to the pamphleteers of the times. His general view is, to point out former mistakes, to explain the prefent dangers, and to offer a new mode for allaying our unhappy ferments." M.

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Confiderations on the American war. Addreffed to the people of England. is. Becket. Defcribes the ancestors of the colonifts as "men whofe flagitious crimes had rendered them objects of public punishment, or whofe turbulent and refractory difpofitions made them enemies to every established government." M.`

A plan of reconciliation between G. Britain and her colonies; founded in justice and conflitutional fecurity: By which the rights of Englishmen, in matters of taxation, are preferved to the inhabitants of America and the islands beyond the Atlantic. By the author of "The hiftorical effay on the English conftitution." Is. Johnfon" The whole effence of this politcal controverfy, will be found," fays the author, "by all honeft impartial men to confift in two objects: 1. in obtaining justice for England by an American taxation; 2. in obtaining constitutional fecurity for America in the operation of our taxation-laws. The true and only constitu tional principle upon which the parliament of G. Britain can tax the people of America, is to tax them in common with the people of England, where the nature of the tax will permit. Unhappily for G. Britain and America, adminiftration have never thought proper to confine themselves to this constitu tional rule. They began in error, with the stamp-act; and they have continued in T

ror, by every taxation law they have thought proper to impofe upon our distant provinces." -The author afterward proceeds: "I hope that fome gentleman, then, in the Houfe of Commons will move for leave to bring in a bill, To quiet the minds of his Majefty's fubjects refiding in America, and other pro vinces beyond the Atlantic ocean, against all fears and jealoufics grounded upon the apprehenfion, that if they are fubject to the payment of taxes, and other imposts, grant ed to his Majesty by the parliament of G. Britain, as a feparate and diftinct people from his fubjects refiding in England, they may, in time to come, be exposed to a very arbitrary and unequal diftribution of taxes.' Upon this ground I would move, That they may receive the full benefit and fecurity of the English conftitution, by being taxed in common with his Majesty's fubjects reliding in England; and that all taxation-laws in tended to affect the colonies, become fo far general laws as to affect England and the colonies alike; fo that no tax may be paid by our distant provinces, but what we shall be obliged to pay in the fame manner and proportion in England." But whilft the colonies themselves defray the expences of their own refpective governments, it can hardly be thought juft that they fhould also contribute to the fupport of ours, in equal proportion with ourselves: and even were this difficulty removed, equity feems to require, that before we fubject them to British taxes, they should be relieved from thofe commaercial reftraints by which we now monopolize their trade, and permit them to become as rich as ourselves Equal burthens ought to be accompanied with equal benefits and abi lities. To impofe the former and deny the latter, is to exact money from thofe whom we have deprived of all means and opportur nities of acquiring it

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M.

An inquiry, whether the guilt of the pre fent civil war in America ought to be impu ted to G. Eritain or America? 1s. Donald Jon. Conducted in a fenfible and candid manner, evincing the fupremacy of the Britif parliament. C.

A letter to the noblemen, gentlemen, &c. who have addreffed his Majefly on the fubject of the American rebellion 1 S. Cadell. -The profeffed defign of this writer is, to take a general view of the puncipal arguments that have been urged on the fide of the colonifls, in the content with America; of which he also recites the origin and progrefs, with the motives and intrigues of those who have fomented it, and the conduct of adminiftration from the commencement of the difturbances to the prefent time. His refutation of the American-pretenfions is con cife and forcible: he inveighs with juft indignation against the pretended patriots, by hofe feditious arts the commotions have

been abetted; vindicating in a fatisfactory manner the procedure of government, and exhorting the nation to unanimity in the vigorous profecution of the war, by which, for feveral reafons that are clearly specified, he ventures to predict, upon the most probable ground, a fpeedy termination of the conteft C-Though this writer declares fo ftrongly against the ufe of argument, in our prefent fituation with refpect to America, he reafons very well in fome points, and throws out many fenfible remarks. M.

A fhort view of the hiftory of the NewFngland colonies, with refpect to their charters and conftitution. By Ifrael Mauduit. Edit. 4 with additions [129.] 2 5. Wilkie.

The various articles of information which Mr Mauduit has collected into this pamphlet, are calculated to confirm the propofition, that the colonies are incontestably fubject to the authority of the British legifla

ture. C.

The rights of G. Britain afferted againft the clains of America, &c. Edit. 8. [26.) 25. Cadell. In an addition lately made to this elaborate production, the author clearly refutes Dr Price's reprefentation of the fate of the national debt, who has committed fuch refs and flagrant errors, in a varie'ty of cafes, as are totally unjustifiable in any perfon who pretendis to write for the infor mation of the public. In particular it ap pears, thu befides other enormous miftakes, amointing to feveral millions, Dr Price's account of the Sinking fund is erroneous in every article. C.

Natural Hiftorg, Medicine, Mathematics, &c.

Characteres generum plantarum quas in itinere ad infulas maris Auftralis collegerunt, deferipferunt, delinearunt, annis 1772-1775 J. R. Fofter, LL. D. Georgius Forfer. 1. 7s. White, Cadell, and Elmfly-The public, now receives the first fpecimen of the natural productions of thofe remote countries in the South fea, which our fhips have of late repeatedly vifited. Dr Forfter and his fon were fent oat with Capt. Cook, at the national expence, to collect and defcribe the va ricus objects of natural hiftory which might be fuppofed to occur on a voyage through unknown feas. Immediately after their return they prepared the work before us. ξε contains feventy-five new genera of plants, which they have fcientifically defrihed, according to the method of Linuæus, being fact as will not rank under any known genera whofe characters have been delineated by that celebrated, botanist. The whole work bears the marks of being executed with great care and fidelity; and the authors are juftiv entitled to the praife of having extended the knowledge of the vegetable productions of nature by their botanical researches. C.,