ground is a thatched cottage, near which the Prodigal, in tattered raiment, is conversing with an elderly woman. 3. The Prodigal is kneeling on one knee under a vine-clad tree, beside a trough, at which five pigs are feeding. In the distance is the cottage, as in No. 2, save that more of the building is shown. Near it the Prodigal is conversing with a man. 4. The Prodigal is on both knees before his father, who is embracing him. A servant is bringing out a robe and a ring as large as a bracelet. In an open lean-to of the house another servant is flaying the fatted calf he has just killed. In the background the elder son is coming in from the field. Unfortunately this relic has been taken to Canada by a cousin; but before it went I had a loan of it, and it was photographed. An ink-photo is inserted in my Account of the Hallen Family,' and I enclose a copy of this relic. I have two or three copies to spare, and should be happy to send them to any one making a collection of such things. I should also be very glad to hear, directly, anything about the probable artist, or the existence of sets similarly treated. A. W. CORNELIUS HALLEN. Parsonage, Alloa, N.B. staunton were such important industries at that time as to require a road running in that direction. That the making of pottery at "Crock Street" is of most ancient origin can admit of no question. The word "crock" is derived from the A.-S. croce, crocca, a pot, Danish kruik. In the tax-roll for Somerset, temp. Edward III., the name Roger le Crocker occurs as being then resident in the same parish. The surname Crocker is still to be found in the locality. In the map of Roman Somerset published by the late Prebendary Scarth traces of Roman occupation in this part are most abundant. We have Roman villas discovered at Watergore, Dinnington, Wadeford, and Whitestaunton, the last in the lawn of the manor house of Charles J. Elton, the learned author of that standard work The Origins of English History. Here a quantity of Roman bricks and fragments of pottery can be seen, within a couple Crock Street. At Dunpole, one mile distant, of miles as the crow flies of the pottery at Roman coins have been found. The pits teries can still be traced in field after field, where the clay has been dug for these pot and must have taken centuries to work in the ordinary course of earthenware manufac ture. In the Codex Diplomaticus,' collated by Kemble, I have found references to this spot, as well as place-names round it, showing its importance in the time of the West Saxon kings. In conclusion, I am convinced that, were a careful excavation made of the detritus of these ancient potteries by competent investigators, relics of every period from the Roman would be found, and most interesting discoveries made. WILLIAM LOCKE RADFORD. Mr. L. Jewitt, in his 'Half-Hours among Bogue, 1880), says, under 'Roman Pottery,' some English Antiquities' (London, David chap. vi.: ROMAN POTTERIES (9th S. i. 68).-It may interest MISS THOYTS to know, that in the district of South Somerset, about three miles from Chard, there is a pottery in full swing, which stands on or very near the site of one which was worked during the Roman period. It is called the Crock Street Pottery, a most suggestive name, and my authority is the late Mr. Edward Jeboult, author of a 'History of West Somerset.' Unfortunately I am away from my references, so that I cannot now give complete chapter and verse for what I am about to advance. The great Fosse Road led directly through Somerset to Petherton Bridge, over the Parrett. Here it divided into two branches, that on the right hand passing a little to the north of the town of Ilminster, through Broad Way, to the vast Roman encampment at Castle Neroche. The left-hand road is not so easily traced. Its probable line of route, according to Phelps, was through the villages of Dinnington, Sea, and Crock Street, over an offshoot of the Blackdown range, into Devonshire. The question now arises, Why have we Two Roman kilns were discovered at Hartstwo vicinal ways running almost parallel for hill, near Nuneaton, Warwickshire, about a such a distance within a mile or so of each year ago. One was damaged by the workmen other? The only feasible answer is, Because before it was known what it was, but the the potteries at Crock Street and the digging other, when I saw it, a few days after it was for iron ore and smelting works at White-opened up, was in a very good state of pre "In this locality-at Castor and its neighbourhood remains of very extensive potworks, covering a more or less perfect state, and containing ware many acres, have been found; and several kilns, in in situ, have been uncovered......Other potworks have been found at Colchester, Headington (near Oxford), Winterton, Wilderspool, Loudon, Ashdon, York, Worcester, Marlborough, and many other places." H. ANDREWS. servation. As regards the names of potters and the son then succeeded him as second see, for example, a list of more than sixty in Langstone, Erdington. marquis. I should like to add to my reply "HOITY-TOITY" (8th S. xii. 429; 9th S. i. 135). -Extract from Jamieson's 'Dictionary of the Scottish Language' (Longmuir's edition, 4 vols., 1882):— HUGUENOT CRUELTIES (9th S. i. 108).—It seems to me that CAROLUS is on the wrong track in looking for details as to the constancy of French Catholics suffering martyrdom at the hands of the Huguenots; and I doubt if he will find them. If he wishes to get information as to the sufferings of Catholics Scottish tunes. This, according to tradition, was Hey tutti taiti, the name of one of our oldest for their religious opinions, the history of Robert Bruce's march at the battle of BannockEngland and Ireland will surely supply him burn, A.D. 1314. The words tutti taiti may have been with sufficient. Though aware of great dif- meant as imitative of the sound of the trumpet in ferences, yet in reading the history of France giving the charge, or what Barbour calls the tutilling I have often been struck with the parallel-sense in which it was understood a century ago, of a horne. This might appear at least to be the ism which is afforded by the persecution of when the following words were written:the Huguenots across the Channel and the persecution of Catholics at home. The famous penal laws, for instance, have their counterpart in French history. T. P. ARMSTRONG. A Catholic account of the Protestant move ment in North-East France is furnished by the late eminent Belgian historian De Coussemaker in his work Troubles Religieux de la Flandre Maritime,' in 4 vols., published circa 1876. This author is strictly just, I believe, but his sympathies are Catholic. The book is at the British Museum. De Coussemaker was an honorary F.S.A. of London. JOHN HOBSON MATTHEWS. Town Hall, Cardiff. An interesting and valuable (because contemporary) work on this subject is Verstegan's "Theatrum Crudelitatum Hæreticorum nostri Temporis,' 4to., Antwerp, 1592, which treats principally of the Low Countries. The original work is very scarce; but it was reprinted a few years ago (with exact reproductions of the numerous and horrifying woodcuts) by the well-known firm of Desclée (Tournai and Paris). OSWALD HUNTER BLAIR, O.S.B. Fort Augustus, N.B. CASTLEREAGH'S PORTRAIT (9th S. i. 47, 158). -Will BREASAIL pardon me for correcting a slip in his communication at the latter reference? The "Pump" was not the first Viscount Castlereagh. The viscounty was created for his father in 1795, and on his father's promotion in the following year to the earldom of Londonderry the title of Viscount Castlereagh passed to the son by courtesy. His father, further created Marquis of Londonderry in 1816, died on 8 April, 1821, When you hear the trumpets sound Up your sword, and down your gun, 'Jacobite Relics,' i. 110." Jamieson does not mention "Hoity-toity." having been the war-cry of "the wild Scots" Conybeare's authority for "Hoity-toity!" when they crossed from Ireland would be Humour of the Scottish Language,' 1882, interesting. Charles Mackay ('Poetry and P. 401) says:— "The words [Hey! tuttie tatie] are derived from the Gaelic, familiar to the soldiers of Bruce, ait dudach taite! from dudach, to sound the trumpet, and taite, joy, and may be freely translated, 'Let the joyous trumpets sound!'" 63, Elm Park, S.W. J. MONTEATH. At second reference MR. J. MONTEATH asks, "What is the English of Hey! tuttie taittie?" They are not words, but imitative sounds. Jamieson ('Scottish Dictionary,' under Tutie') is probably right in the conjecture that they may have been meant as imitative of the sound of the trumpet in giving the charge. R. M. SPENCE. Manse of Arbuthnott. DALTON FAMILY (9th S. i. 107).--A family of this name were settled at Cardiff early in the present century, and a narrow thoroughfare off St. Mary Street, demolished a few years ago, was known as Dalton's Court. Mr. John Dalton was for many years a practising solicitor in this town, and Clerk of the Peace for the county of Glamorgan. He died some time in the sixties, I think, at an advanced age. I do not know that any member of the family remains here now. G. H. J. They were not originally of South Wales, et assez d'obscurité pour ceux qui ont une disposition but probably came from one of the western contraire" (quoted in Farrar's 'Hulsean Lectures,' counties of England. I could procure further P. 10). information if desired. JOHN HOBSON MATTHEWS. Town Hall, Cardiff. THE PORTER'S LODGE (8th S. xii. 507; 9th S. i. 112).-Richie Moniplies loq.:"However, they spak only of scourging me, and had me away to the porter's lodge to try the tawse on my back, and I was crying mercy as loud as I could; and the king, when he had righted himsell on the saddle, and gathered his breath, cried to do me nae harm; for,' said he, "he is ane of our ain Norland stots, I ken by the rowt [roar] of him.' ..But since I am clear of the tawse and the porter's lodge," &c.-'The Fortunes of Nigel,' chap. iii. The above is a direct allusion to the discipline of "the porter's lodge." The following may be considered a more indirect allusion to the same thing. The Lady of Avenel is addressing Roland Græme: ་་ : "Go to, sir, know yourself, or the master of the household shall make you know you are liable to the scourge as a malapert boy. You have tasted too little the discipline fit for your age and station." "The Abbot,' chap. v. Truly, our sapient forefathers appear to have thought with Mrs. Malaprop that "nothing is so conciliating to young people as severity." JONATHAN BOUCHIER. Ropley, Alresford. (9th S. i. 129.) Better to leave undone than by our deed Acquire too high a fame when him we serve 's away. The lines are from Shakespeare's 'Antony and Cleopatra,' III. i. The querist's "he" in the hyper metrical second line is grammatical, Shakespeare's "him" is not. Dr. Abbott, in his 'Shakespearian Grammar (1875 ed., § 246), treats it as an attraction of the antecedent into the case of the omitted relative, but it is an inelegancy of speech, probably peculiar to Shakespeare, which is wholly indefen sible. Dr. Abbott, without noticing this example, quotes another, to which may be added a third: You Like It,' I. i. 46). Ay, better than him I am before knows me" ('As F. ADAMS. "Si vis pacem, para bellum." In the form "Qui desiderat pacem, præparet bellum," this comes from Vegetius, De Re Militari,' ED. MARSHALL. 3. Prolog. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. A Literary History of India. By R. W. Frazer, WITH this volume-by the Lecturer on Telegu and AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (9th S. achievement," which, "if less romantic than the i. 29). "Vino vendibili suspensa hedera non opus est." This is one of the proverbs in the collection of Erasmus, and, as is the case with so many other proverbs, the authorship appears to be unknown. But there is reference to a similar expression in the 'Pœnulus' of Plautus: Invendibili merci oportet ultro emptorem adducere, Proba merces facile emptorem reperit, tametsi in abstruso sita 'st. Act I. sc. ii. 128, 129. In books of Latin commonplaces it occurs as an illustration of "arrogantia." popular panorama of kings,......finds its material in imperishable masterpieces, and reveals......some. thing at once more vital and more picturesque than the quarrels of rival parliaments." Of the series to be thus constituted many volumes, which have been entrusted to capable writers, are in preparation. So far as we can judge, few of these involve labours more difficult and more important than those undertaken and accomplished by Mr. Frazer, and none, probably, offers greater difficulty to the writer with no special and trained knowledge who seeks to do justice to the work that has been done. So far as regards the philosophical aspects of the work, we are still in a period of transition, when a creed in some respects as conservative as that of the Hebrew or the Christian finds itself in presence of a youth. The passage inquired for is no doubt Plato, Thea-ful and an aggressive agnosticism, the outcome of tetus,' 176 D-177 A, where Socrates, speaking as a character in the dialogue, is made by Plato to say that the punishment of wickedness "is not that which they [the wicked] suppose, blows and death, of which they sometimes suffer nothing when they do wrong, but one which cannot be escaped," viz., becoming unlike the divine, and like the contrary, they live a life according to that which they resemble. ED. MARSHALL, F.S.A. "The penalty of injustice," &c. (9th S. i. 89.) A. "There is just light enough given us," &c. Probably a free translation or adaptation of Pascal, Pensées,' part ii. p. 151, ed. Faugère: "Il y a assez de lumière pour ceux qui ne desirent que de voir, recent educational influences, and hardens itself against the approaching and probably the inevit able. Mr. Frazer's task has, moreover, been rendered more difficult by the obvious impossibility, within the space assigned him, of dealing adequately with "the significance of the early sacrificial sys tems......the origin and purport of the epics, and...... the Græco Roman influence on the form of the Indian drama." As in the case of the promised and forthcoming Literary History of the Jews,' the history of the literature is necessarily that of the religion. Beginning with the incursion of the fair skinned Aryan tribes through the bleak mountain passes which guard the north of India, Mr. Frazer artistic production and an account of his friendships and feuds. For the purpose of extracting a bio. graphy from such inadequate materials Mr. Dobson is the best equipped of English writers. To a know. ledge of his subject and a sympathy with it such as one other writer alone possesses he adds a fami liarity with the surroundings of the painter and the period in which he lived almost, if not quite, unique. In the literature and art of that eigh teenth century, the more serious aspects of which are hidden behind a veil of artificiality, Mr. Dobson is steeped. He is, moreover, the possessor of a literary style both lucid and picturesque, and he illustrates his subject from the stores of a rich and varied erudition. We have not now to treat his work as a novelty. The additions that further light upon Hogarth has enabled Mr. Dobson to amass are visible in every part of the subject, and are most obvious, perhaps, in the bibliography, in which, besides new entries, some of those previously existing are revised and enlarged. The index is notably augmented, to the great gain of the student. Four new plates are said to enrich the edition. There are, however, more than four added illustra tions, one of the most interesting being Mr. E. A. Abbey's delightful design of 'A Hogarth Enthusiast.' One new photogravure is the portrait of Henry Fielding. Nothing is to be added to what has been said concerning Mr. Dobson's work, except that in its later form it is even more desirable than in the former. deals first with the 1,028 hymns known as the 'Hymns of the Rig-Veda,' to listen to which on the part of a Sudra, or one of non-Aryan blood, became before long an offence punishable by pouring in the ears molten lead, while to recite them, or even to remember the sound, was to be visited by still more severe penalties, involving death. Dismissing as improbable the expectation that comparative philology will solve the interesting problems connected with the past of the Indo-Aryans, our author finds in the Vedic hymns not only the first literary landmarks in the history of India, but almost all that can be definitely asserted concerning the primitive beliefs of the Aryans. The date of the Vedic hymns seems to recede with the progress of light, and there are those who date them so far back as 2,500 years B.C. Sacred treasures of the race, and "full of the sound of the rush of moving waters," the verses tell of the glories of the land the Aryan has come to conquer and make his own from the Indus to the distant Ganges. What we know of custom, culture, and belief is found in these records of the poet-priests. It is needless to say that here is a storehouse for the student of comparative mythology. Passing by the Brahmanas, in which the Brahmanic ritual, its origin and significance, are incorporated, Mr. Frazer comes to the evidences of a changing order of things found in the disquisitions of the Upanishads. Before the teaching of the Vedas and Upanishads was systematized in the Brahma Sutras arose the strange belief, so deeply impressed on the history of India, known as Buddhism. The progress from Brahmanism to Buddhism is closely traced, as is that of the ascetic and the forest-dweller while the sacrificial fires still burned in India. We cannot follow Mr. Frazer in his history of the life of Buddha, or show its influence as a revolt from Brahmanism, its failure to break through the bonds of caste, and its ultimate banishment "to its natural resting-place amid the Scythian race.' On these and other matters with which our author deals, in a long and closely argued work, the reader must consult the book. Most interesting and valuable chapters are those on the epics and the drama, many translations from the latter being given. Not a few will turn to the closing chapters, in which the influence of Western civilization upon Indian thought is traced. It is difficult to overestimate the erudition or the import-able quarry to the student of names, whether perance of a book which demands close study from all interested in primitive culture or careful about the future of imperial interests in the most precious of our Eastern possessions. William Hogarth. By Austin Dobson. (Kegan THE appearance of a new edition, revised and en- Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum. By W. G. Searle, For sonal or local. It is, in fact, a register of Anglo-Saxon proper names-some 25,000 items in all-gathered from all quarters, from the time of Beda down to the reign of King John. Mr. Searle is content to efface himself and present his raw material without any attempt to annotate it or to point out the interesting bearings which his work possesses. instance, many of these Anglo-Saxon names, which as Christian names or prenomens are utterly extinct, still enjoy a posthumous existence in the shape of surnames. We have quite forgotten Puttoc, but we know Puttick (and Simpson). Godsall is evidently the modern representative of Godessceale ("servant of God"-Heb. Obadiah), as Askell is of Esc-cytel, and Thurkell is of Thur-cytel. Wulfsige still lives in Wolsey, Regenweald (Reg. nold) in Reynolds, Regenhere and Reinere in Rayner. So Stan-cytel has passed through the forms Stannechetel and Stanchil into our presentday Stantial. Moreover, the investigator of place-names will find here suggestive hints in such words as Dulwic, which seems to throw some light on the enigmatical Dulwich, though it must be confessed that the cross-reference given to Wulfwig fails to tell us of its provenance. Celtan-ham (in the charters Celtan hom) is evidently the old form of Cheltenham. Mr. Searle identifies this Celta with Celto, a personal name of the continental Teutons, though Canon Taylor sees in it an ancient river-name, now the Chelt. Students of the 'Beowulf' will notice the interesting place-names Grendles mere and Grindeles pytt. in common with the metaphysical speculations of some of the early Gnostics. Thus in the miracle of the destruction of the swine the "country" in which they live is only a mystical emblem of the flesh; the "swine" represent the unclean animalism of man, the "demons" being the evil principles of his nature, and the "lake" the wicked Jews. Jairus, the ruler of the synagogue, is the Old Testament, and his daughter the Bath-Kol, or the Spirit of Inspiration. And so, with a little ingenuity, any. thing can be made out of anything. For our part, we think that the old and simple literalism is easier of digestion than this, and less in need of defence. One thing which strikes us in turning these pages is the singular lack of variety shown by Anglo-Saxon names. They ring the changes on the ever-recurring themes Elf and Ethel, Ead, Leof, Os, and Wulf. Submitting them to a rough analysis, we find forty-six columns of Elf names, fifty-seven of SOME time ago the 'Letters and Journals of WilEthel, thirty-nine of Ead, twenty of Leof, twenty-liam Cory,' the author of 'Ionica,' were printed at two of Os, and thirty-four of Wulf. If in every the Oxford University Press for private circulation. case the meaning of the names had been given it Mr. Frowde is now about to publish some of the would have been a condescension which the results of Cory's experience as a schoolmaster, majority of readers would have appreciated. recorded in a MS. journal dated 1862, and described as Hints for Eton Masters,' although the little book has a much wider scope than this title would imply. Mr. Searle points out that the Anglo-Saxons sometimes endeavoured to compensate for the absence of surnames by giving their children names which contained one of the elements out of which their own appellations had been formed. Thus some Ed-ward would mark his paternal rights by calling his offspring Ed-gar and Ed-mund and Ed-win and Ed-ith, pretty much as in modern times Mrs. Smith, née Brown, finds a pleasure in nominating her progeny Brown-Smith. 66 as Mr. Searle has performed his task of collecting The Bible True from the Beginning. By Edward W. C. B. writes:-"The London daily papers between the 14th and 19th of February contained a short biographical notice of Mr. J. Carrick Moore, recently deceased. I believe this to be an old corre spondent of N. & Q.,' but I was away from home at the time, and could not refer. I do not find him in 8th S. x. 479. At p. 141 of the same volume he earlier than 6th S. iii. His latest communication is says he is in his ninety-second year." Mr. Carrick Moore, of Corsewall, Wigtonshire, had been an occasional contributor for many years. He was a nephew of the famous Sir John Moore, of Coruña, and was a fine scholar. He died in Eaton Square in his ninety-fifth year. Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notices: ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately. To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. Correspond ents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate." |