fore, now proceed, with staing, in a brief | from it, though adapted to the humors and | Institution a memoir on a subject of a comdesultory manner, some of the laws of Natural Vision. Natural Vision, we all know, is limited two ways. Objects which are visible to the natural eye from three feet to three miles, are made invisible to us at twenty miles distant, although no intermediate object should interpose itself between our eye and the real object to be looked upon, and this object should be to be seen in the same horizontal plane, as the eye is, at this distance. Distance then, it appears, renders objects indistinctly visible or invisible to us; as does also too great nearness or contiguity to the eye. For instance, any small object, placed within the first point of distinct vision, in a sound, natural, and human eye, (which point of vision commences at from seven to eight inches before it) becomes indistinct or invisible to it within this limited space. Yet, by the science of optics, by placing the segment of a sphere of pellucid glass, or a convex lens, of greater curvilinear scope than eight inches, constructed into a telescope, between the eye and the object, become indistinctly visible or invisible to natural sight, it is hereby again brought clearly and distinctly to our view. So likewise by the artificial aid of a lens or convex glass, of less focus than seven inches, say one, two, or three inches, when objects are indistinct or invisible to the sight, through contiguity or nearness to the eye, is this object also rendered clear and distinct to our view, and considerably magnified. nerves of the eye, consequently not in con- We hence see that natural sight is not stopped or limited at seven inches, nor at twenty miles, but exists within seven inches, and beyond twenty miles when the eve or organ of vision is aided by artificial pellucid means, formed in a semispherical or semispheroidical manner. And we also know that bodies of large magnitude may be seen iadistinctly at greater distances than smaller ones. Moreover, we also know that an artificial help of the above nature, can be used to within the fiftieth part of an inch of the external coat of the eye, as Lauwenhoek has demonstrated. Yea, and without doubt, were it possible to apply a smaller-powered On Spiritual Vision. lens still to the organ of sight, so as to Having previously shewn the existence touch it within the thousandth part of an of natural sight in or within a natural orinch or less, natural sight, no doubt, would ganization, and traced it to the outer coat yet be found distinct and clear, and would of the natural eve, I will now attempt to shew us animalculi in creation ever invisi-shew how I conceive the fibres and fluids of ble to the organic construction of natural sight. I consider then, since I have traced natural sight so near the external coat of the natural eye, that you will now admit this conclusion, that it exists in, or within the eye; and that it is supernatural: for, if it be not so, why does not the eye see when the life of man or animal, which is supernatural, has left its material form ?This question proves to a demonstration, that sight into nature is supernatural, or natural-spiritual, or spiritual-natural, and of course within what is natural, which the organical construction of the material and animal eye certainly is ;—that it is distinct the sight itself, which I shall call the inward eye, may be acted upon; and this, not so much from my own experience (which might be discredited) but from the experience and pen of a learned Prussian and foreigner, well known in his country where he resided, and was highly respected, not only for his high birth, but literary talents. NARRATIVE OF M. NICHOLAI, Member of the Royal Society of Berlin, in Prussia. Nicholai, a member of the Royal Society of Berlin, some time since presented to that plaint with which he was affected; and one of the singular consequences of which was, the representation of various spectres or apparitions. M. Nicholai for some years had been subject to a congestion in the head, and was blooded frequently for it by leeches. After a detailed account of his health, on which he grounds much medical as well as psychological reasoning, he gives the following interesting narrative. "In the first two months of the year 1791, I was much affected in my mind by several incidents of a very disagreeable nature; and on the 24th of February a circumstance occurred, which irritated me extremely. At ten o'clock in the forenoon my wife and another person came to con sole me; I was in a violent perturbation of mind, owing to a series of incidents which had altogether wounded my moral feelings, and from which I saw no possibility of relief, when suddenly I observed at the distance of ten paces from me a figure-the figure of a deceased person. I pointed at it, and asked my wife whether she did not see it. She saw nothing, but being much alarmed, endeavoured to compose me, and sent for the physician. The figure remained some seren or eight minutes, and at length I became a little more calm, and as I was extremely exhausted, I soon afterwards fell into a troubled kind of slumber, which lasted for half an hour. The vision was ascribed to the great agitation of mind in which I had been, and it was supposed I should have nothing more to apprehend from that cause; but the violent affection having put my nerves into an unusual state, from this arose further consequences, which require a more detailed description. "In the afternoon, a little after four o'clock, the figure which I had seen in the morning again appeared. I was alone when this happened; a circumstance which, as may be easily conceived, could not be very agreeable. I went therefore to the apartment of my wife, to whom I related it. But thither also the figure pursued me. Sometimes it was present, sometimes it vanished; but when seen it was always the same standing figure. A little after six o'clock several stalking figures also appeared; but they had no connection with the standing figure. I can assign no other reason for this apparition than that, though much more composed in my mind, I had not been able so intirely to forget the cause of such deep and distressing vexation, and had reflected on the consequences of it, in order, if possible, to avoid them; and that this happened three hours after dinner, at the time when the digestion just begins. "At length I became more composed with respect to the disagreeable incident which had given rise to the first apparition; but though I had used very excellent medicines, and found myself in other respects perfectly. well, yet the apparitions did not diminish, but, on the contrary, rather increased in number, and were transformed in the most extraordinary manner. 66 After I had removed from the first It is also to be noted that these figures appeared to me at all times, and under the most different circumstances, equally distinct and clear. Whether I was alone, or in company, by broad day-light equally as in the night time, in my own as well as in my neighbour's house; yet when I was at another person's house they were less frequent; and when I walked the street they very seldom appeared. When I shut my eyes sometimes the figures disappeared, sometimes they remained even after I had closed them. If they vanished in the former case, on opening my eyes again nearly the same figures appeared which I had seen before. impression of terror, I never felt myself | origin internally; and at the same time I excite the least disagreeable emotion, but, particularly agitated by these apparitions, was always able to distinguish with the on the contrary, afforded me frequent subas I considered them to be what they really greatest precision, phantoms from pheno-jects for amnsement and mirth; yet as the were, the extraordinary consequences of in- mena, Indeed I never once erred in this, disorder sensibly increased, and the figures disposition; on the contrary, I endeavoured as I was in general perfectly calm and self- appeared to me for whole days together, as much as possible to preserve my compo- collected on the occasion. I knew extremely and even during the night, if I happened to sure of mind, that I might remain distinctly well, when it only appeared to me that the be awake, I had recourse to several mediconscious of what passed within me. I ob- door was opened, and a phantom entered, cines, and was at last again obliged to apply served these phantoms with great accuracy, and when the door really was opened, and leeches to the anus. and very often reflected on my previous any person came in. thoughts, with a view to discover some law in the association of ideas, by which exactly these or other figures might present themselves to the imagination. Sometimes I thought I had made a discovery, especially in the latter period of my visions; but, on the whole, I could trace NO connection which the various figures that thus appeared and disappeared to my sight had, with my state of mind, or with my employment, and the other thoughts which engaged my attention. After frequent accurate observations on the subject, having fairly proved and maturely considered it, I could form no other conclusion on the cause and consequence of such apparitions, than that when the nervous system is weak, and at the same time too much excited, or rather deranged, similar figures may appear in such a manner as if they were actually seen and heard; for these visions, in my case, were not the consequence of any known law of reason, of the imagination, or of the other usual association of ideas; and such also is the case with other men, as far as we can reason from the few examples we know. "The origin of the individual pictures which present themselves to us must undoubtedly be sought for in the structure of that organization by which we think; but this will always remain no less inexplicable to us, than the origin of these powers by which consciousness and fancy are made to exist. "The figure of the deceased person never appeared to me after the first dreadful day but several other figures shewed themselves afterwards very distinctly; sometimes such as I knew, mostly, however, of persons I did not know, and among those known to me were the semblance of both living and deceased persons, but mostly the former; and I made the observation, that acquaintance with whom I daily conversed never appeared to me as phantoms; it was always such as were at a distance. When these apparitions had continued some weeks, and I could regard them with the greatest composure, I afterwards endeavoured, at my own pleasure, to call forth phantoms of several acquaintance, whom I for that reason represented to my imagination in the most lively manner, but in vain. -For however accurately I pictured to my mind the figures of such persons, I never once could succeed in my desire of seeing them externally; though I had some short time before seen them as phantoms, and they had, perhaps, afterwards unexpectedly presented themselves to me in the same manner. The phantoms appeared to me in every case involuntarily, as if they had been presented externally, like the phenomena nature, though they certainly had their "I sometimes conversed with my physician and my wife, concerning the phantoms which at the time hovered round me; for in general the forms appeared oftener in motion than at rest. They did not always continue present-they frequently left me altogether, and again appeared for a short or a longer space of time, singly or more at once; but, in general, several appeared together. For the most part I saw human figures of both sexes: they commonly passed to and fro as if they had no connection with each other, like people at a fair, where all is bustle; sometimes they appeared to have business with one another. Once or twice I saw among them persons on horseback, and dogs and birds; these figures all appeared to me in their natural size, as distinctly as if they had existed in real life, with the several tints on the uncovered parts of the body, and with all the different kinds and colours of clothes. But I think, however, that the colours were somewhat paler than they are in nature. "None of the figures had any distinguishing characteristic; they were neither terrible, ludicrous, nor repulsive; most of them were ordinary in their appearance some were even agreeable. "On the whole, the longer I continued in this state, the more did the number of phantoms increase, and the apparitions became more frequent. About four weeks after, I began to hear them speak: sometimes the phantasms spoke with one another; but for the most part they addressed them selves to me, who endeavoured to console me in my grief, which still left deep traces in my mind. This speaking I heard most frequently when I was alone: though I sometimes heard it in company, intermixed with the conversation of REAL persons; frequently in single phrases only, but sometimes even in connected discourse. "Though at this time I enjoyed rather a good state of health, both in body and mind, and had become so very familiar with these phantasms, that at last they did not "This was performed on the 20th of April, at eleven o'clock in the forenoon. I was alone with the surgeon, but, during the operation, the room swarmed with human forms of every description, which crowded fast one on another: this continued till half-past four o'clock, exactly the time when the digestion commences. I then observed that the figures began to move more slowly; soon afterwards the colours became gradually paler, and every seven minutes they lost more and more of their intensity, without any alteration in the distinct figure in the apparitions. At about half-past six o'clock all the figures were entirely white, and moved very little; yet the forms appeared perfectly distinct; by degrees they became visibly less plain, without decreasing in number, as had often formerly been the case. The figures did not move off, neither did they vanish, which also had usually happened on other occasions. In this instance they dissolved immediately in air of some even whole pieces remained for a length of time, which also by degrees were lost to the eye. At about eight o'clock there did not remain a vestige of any of them, and I have never since ex. perienced any appearance of any kind. Twice or thrice since that time I have felt a propensity, if I may be so allowed to express myself, or a sensation as if I saw something, which in a moment again was gone. I was even surprised by this sensation whilst writing the present account, having, in order to render it more accurate, perused the papers of 1791, and recalled to my memory all the circumstances of that time. So little are we sometimes, even in the greatest composure of mind, masters of our imagination.' : Here then we have the authority of an experimental, great and learned, skeptical incredulous man, saying "that he was gifted with a twofold sight, and could see persons, horses, and birds," in the natural and in the spiritual world at the same time. And from this it should appear to us that natural objects affected the organization of the natural eye, while other objects were impressed internally," or upon the organization of the spiritual eye; and that this sight was distinct and within each of these organized forms, and could view distinctly both descriptions of objects natural and spiritual, or what he calls phenomena and phantoms. He says also that his vision came on by a "congestion of the head," or otherwise by a collection together, no doubt, of the membranes of the brain: and unquestionably he felt it as a congestion or collecting together and concentration of the pia mater upon the medullary substances of the brain. But, as he also observes, "he suddenly observed at the dis- | of a net lying close together over glass, will | trovertible: or, why, when this supernatural tance of ten paces from him a figure-the appear as compact as close-woven linen; life principle has left them, as is the case figure of a deceased person:" there may but when stretched or expanded as wide as at death, does not the organ called the eye have been at this moment as sudden an ex- they will reach, they manifest the glassy me- see as well after this living principle has pansion of the pia mater towards the cra-dium upon which they lie, and may be seen departed from it, as while animated with nium; which observation will lay the through from behind, by any purer but not it? The same argument is also good for foundation for my proof of spiritual vision, impurer organization than the glass itself the other senses. And why, also, does not from and by the name of the optic nerve is: so likewise with the eye,-the external a pellucid inanimate substance, such as itself, thus :-Is not the optic nerve called retina of the eye may lie upon a membrane glass, by work of art convexly formed and the retina or net work membrane of the eye, of a purer composition than itself, and hide polished, to produce or take off impressions from its resemblance to the meshes of a it until a sudden expansion of this retina is of natural objects, retain the sense of seenet? Now these meshes or crossings of occasioned, which, of course, will mani- ing as we do?-but because there is no the optic nerves in the form of a net, in a fest it between its meshes; and it may be intelligence within it, to make this medium sound and healthy eye, when natural vision the nature of this still purer membrane to susceptible of the impression of objects only is effected, may be compacted toge-filter purer substances than the ether of the upon it. A long stick is not susceptible of ther, as closely touching each other as the natural atmospheric air, like the cornea of any impression made upon it; but if you weft and warp of fine woven linen; and in the eye filters, not atmospheric air but make an impression upon one end of it, this state receive the impressions of objects ether; and thus it is easily to be accounted and apply your finger, containing the sense as upon an opaque or semi-transparent me- for, how spiritual sight may thus easily of feeling, to the other end, you become dium, like unto ground glass, or unto a view spiritual objects, while natural sight susceptible of the impression, but not so waxed and turpentined piece of thick mus- can only view natural objects. the stick. The common air in the whisperlin, called a screen, for phantasmagorical Dare I mention the rudiments of a cer- ing gallery of St. Paul's, or the same comexhibitions; and in this state convey their tain science, in the possession of a very mon air in a speaking trumpet, is not susforms, impressions, and shapes, only into few, thank God! I could shew you, by ex- ceptible of the impression of the voice the natural degree of mind, where the sen-periment, which almost any man may prac- speaking in it, in these confined situations; sation of natural objects are made sensible tise, how to expand the natural retina of but the organ of hearing, in contact with to the intelligent principle of mind within any human eye, and thereby give superna- this tremulous air, receiving this tremulous us. And also when any undue and more tural, yea, spiritual sight, in the first de- motion, receives it in a more agitated maninordinate or irregular congestion should gree, to the spirit of any credulous man, to ner than the general body of air could retake place, as in M. Nicholai's case, the see the souls of the living and the dead, as ceive it, and the ear of the bye-stander is natural sight might not at all be injured often as I pleased, though they were de- more susceptibly impressed by this tremuthereby, but only occasion a greater ten-parted this life, or yet living in this world, lous motion, than it could be through the sion of the optic nerve leading to the eye, in Europe, Asia, Africa, or America, any general body of air, and hereby it feels and produce a more fixedness of the eye where a thousand or more miles from me: what sounds would be otherwise unintelliand natural sight upon one particular ob- but I dare not, on wicked and incredulous gible to it. ject more than upon another, as I have man's account. frequently experienced myself when under The conclusion with me is, therefore, extreme anxiety or perplexity of mind-this:that as the Divine Being is the life the demonstrative cause of which, also, of all, and the inmost soul of all human and were it not a little irrelevant to the subject animal created beings, yea, is mind within before us, I could elucidate to you. After this state of sensation, he adds, that "sud- us, to make us men from brutes; that when He pleases to open or expand the degress denly I observed, at the distance of ten of man's natural and spiritual organization, paces from me a figure-the figure of a deor natural and spiritual forms of the eye, ceased person." Hence I conclude, that equally as suddenly there was a rigid expansion of the pia mater and retina took place, and continued in this state for as many minutes as the figure appeared to him; and that this change occasioned his vision of phantoms or apparitions:-after which, the nerve being exhausted," rclaxed again, affected the eyelids, and brought on that troubled kind of slumber which lasted for half an hour. man sees into both worlds at the same in- I shall, therefore, now close this essay with observing, that any pious and virtuous person, earnestly desirous of seeing into futurity, may be granted this, or any other favour, by the Supreme Fountain of all Wisdom and Goodness, if the latter foresees and knows the man will make good use of it when communicated to him; or that such a favour would be beneficial to some members of society. And, I believe, myself, that for this latter purpose the supernatural sight of many individuals are opened, as was the case with the one I have just transcribed, and the others, Mr. Editor, which you have been pleased to insert, with some degree of doubtful tenacity, in the Literary Gazette. But, Sir, allow me to inspire you with more fidelity, by telling you that more than one or two persons of my acquaintance, in London and Manchester, can open this inward-natural sight, and shew you any of your friends and acquaint Now, then, dare we conclude that the inward nervous membrane of the spiritual sight, between the apertures of this out-them, and calculate results which mathe-ance, at any hour of the day or night, and ward network membrane, by this sudden expansion of it, was laid bare, stretched, or rendered so pellucid, that thus spiritual vision was produced upon the spiritual organ or retina (by the delicate construction of this membrane being too pure to secrete natural ether, and of such a spiritual nature as only to secrete supernatural ether,) and that as spiritual sight admits only spiritual or supernatural light, could only see spiritual objects, while natural sight, by means of natural light, could only see natural objects; and that thus, and thus only, double vision was produced at the same instant,-of which M. Nicholai speaks? The meshes by means of a supernatural life principle, in *To open the eye, the ear, &c. are scriptural what they are then at that moment doing, though the body of the person be in a different quarter of the globe. Yes, Sir, I pledge my word, as a man of veracity, either they, or your humble servant, can do this, without having recourse to any optical illusion. And nothing short of the sacred scriptures causes me to decline dosolicit it; my reasons for which (which are ing it, should you or any of your readers also scriptural) are as follow: If mankind will not believe what Moses and the Prophets have recorded, neither would they believe in the apparitions of the soul, and the resurrection of the spirit of slightest degree affected. man in a perfect human form, a few days | rocks. Several interesting specimens were | levels of the dipping-needle were not in the after the decease of the body, though the "celestial apparition' or spirit of such a body was raised up, and manifested unto them. You may believe this assertion of mine, or not, as you please, but it is true, and every wise man among us, without being a magician, will feel the truth of it. To know these abstruse arts of Natural Magic, and put them in practice for the sake of lucre, and to satisfy the idle curiosity of a capricious multitude, or the sarcastic infidelity of a few, without having Divine authority so to do, is to take upon one's self an important office, without Divine sanction; and to make known Divine secrets without Divine approbation-which is a profanation of holy things. Such a character as this was Balaam, and almost all the magicians, astrologers, and soothsayers of old; and such a man, at this day, who does it, is no better, of whom the laws of this land, justly, take cognizance: but a man, such as Elijah, and other Prophets, knowing these things, and awaiting his Lord and Master's pleasure to commission him to do it, not to the multitude, but to his select few, whom he chooses and points out to him, to shew and satisfy of these things, like He himself did, is his Lord and Master's servant, who only obeys his Master's orders, and his Divine will; and not his own depraved and selfish inclinations. Such an one may I be, rather than acquire the wealth of Europe, by prostituting my knowledge to base and mercenary ROYAL GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CORNWALL. The fifth anniversary meeting of this Association was held in Penzance on the 6th ult. The chair was taken at 12 o'clock by the President, Mr. Gilbert, who was supported and assisted by the Vice-Patron, Lord De Dunstan vile. The first paper was by the Secretary, Dr. Forbes, and was a sort of " Eloge on Natural History." The other communications of most ge neral interest wereAn extremely valuable paper by Mr. Jos. Carne, On the relative age of the Veins of Cornwall:" in which the ingenious and industrious author attempts, by fair deductions from an immense collection of facts, to establish six or seven classes of veins, differing in the order and period of their formation. This paper does not admit of abridgment. A paper "On the Hornblend Formation of the parish of St. Cleer, and on the Geology of other parts of Cornwall," by the Rev. John Rogers. In this communication the author detailed the various relations and localities of this formation, and illustrated the whole by a map of the district, and numerous specimens of the also presented by Mr. Rogers, from the siate quarries of Tintagel, illustrating the On the 15th, the Isabella anchored to an nature of those appearances that have iceberg about a mile from the north-west hitherto been generally considered as ex- coast of Waygatt, or Hare Island. All the hibiting the impression of shells, and, con- astronomical apparatus was now got ashore, sequently, as demonstrating the secondary a temporary observatory was erected, and nature of our Cornish slate. Mr. Rogers the following accurate observations on the is of opinion-and it would seem justly-variation and dip were obtained :that these supposed organic impressions North lat. of observatory, 70° 26′ 13′′ are mere varieties of structure of the slaty West long. of ditto, matter itself. Variation west, Dip, A paper by Dr. Forbes, "On the Geology of that part of Cornwall lying to the westward of Hayle and Cuddan Point." In this paper the author denied the stratification of the Cornish granite: stated the slate formation of the district, which he described to consist of the following five rocks, Hornblend Rock, Greenstone, Felspar Rock, Staty Felspar, and Clay State; and expressed his belief of the contemporaneous origin of these rocks, and the fundamental granite. As an irresistible argument in favour of this opinion, and as of itself subversive of the Huttonian theory, he adduced the frequent instances observable on the Cornish shores, of granite veins originating in the same rock, intersecting each other, and exhibiting at the point of intersection the appearance called a shift or heave. From the report of the Curator, Mr. Edward Giddy, it appears that upwards of 1600 new specimens have been added to the cabinet since last anniversary. Extracted from the Cornwall Gazette. ARTS AND SCIENCES. 54° 51′ 49′′ 71° 30′ 82° 48′ 47′′ A pendulum, which vibrated 82 seconds more than twenty-four hours in the latitude of London, when the temperature was 52o, vibrated in Waygatt Island 153 seconds more than twenty-four hours, when the Island, is about nine miles long, and 1400 temperature was 43o. Waygatt, or Hare feet high. Some of the rocks are basaltic, and coal is found near the surface, in the north-east part of it. The latitude of the island is 70° 22′ 15′′ W., and its longitude 54° 51' W., instead of 50° 15', as given in the charts. Ship's head, North, Ship's head, NORTH EAST, Ship's head, EAST, Variation. 77° 43′ W. 70° 30′ W. 64° 56' W. 67° 7′ W. 760 27' W. 84° 38′ W. Ship's head, SOUTH EAST, Ship's head, soUTH, Ship's head, soUTH WEST, Ship's head, WEST, THE POLAR EXPEDITION. From letters from Captain Ross and Lieutenant Robertson, of the Isabella, an account of the expedition has been drawn up for Blackwood's Edinburgh 93° 33′ W. culars in addition to those we have hereMagazine, which contains some partiShip's head, NORTH WEST, 90° 20′ W. Captain Ross is decidedly of opinion, tofore gathered from other sources; and though there is some difference of sentias every thing connected with this intement on the subject, that the following resting experiment is curious and philo-points are established by his observations: sophically important, we hasten to extract from that publication the facts not previously noticed. 1. That the deviation occasioned by the direction of the ship head, is not on the magnetic meridian, but differs in every ship. Iu the Isabella, it is to the east of north; and in the Alexander, and the Harmony of Hull, to the westward of north. 2. That there is a point of change in the deviation, which may easily be found by azimuth or bearings of a distant object; and that when this point of deviation is found, it may in like manner be found what proportion is to be added or subtracted from the true variation, but only by actual observation, for the deviation does not increase either in an arithmetical or logarithmic proportion. On board the Isabella, and in latitude 74o, the the point of change is N. 17° E. The extreme deviation is, when the ship's head is N. 80o W. viz. 19o, which is additive to the true variation; so that with the ship's head W. and N. there is 100° of variation; or by steering W. and N. the ship actually makes | The temperature was 31 when it was a S. by E. course. On the other hand, the variation decreases when the ship's head is to the east, but not in an equal ratio, the extreme being 17o, making the variation 64o on that tack. On the 4th July, in lat. 72o 30', the following measure of the variation was taken: North latitude 72° 44' 78° 54′ W. Variation on the ice On the 5th it was, North latitude West longitude 73° 20' brought up; but it could not be weighed at The box for Dr. Brewster contains va- We shall now conclude this notice with a tabular view of the variation and dip of the needle at different points of the ship's Course: From these observations it appears, that the ships were approaching rapidly to the magnetic pole. From the observations on the variation, which were previously made, we are disposed to think that there is a succession of poles, or a magnetic ridge, as it may be called, with a diffused and moveable polarity, stretching to the west of Baffiu's Bay. The above observations, however, do not yet enable us either to confirm or overthrow this conjecture. SCIENTIFIC MISCELLANIES. POTATO BRANDY. -Brandy has for some years past been largely distilled from Potato-berries in Lorraine and Chainpagne: these berries produce on fermentation as much spirit as the grapes of Lorraine; but the specine gravity of the former to the latter is only as 1 to 9 or 10. The whale vessel which brought Captain Ross's despatches, brought also several boxes, containing minerals and objects of natural history for Sir Joseph Banks, Bar. Sir Everard Home, Bart, Mr. Barrow, Professor Jameson, and Dr. Brewster; all of COLOURING OF WINE.-None of the subwhich were released at the custom-house stances used in giving the red colour to by an order from the Lords of the Trea- wine form with the acetate of lead, that sury. The box for Professor Jameson greenish grey precipitate which is the result contains specimens of the mineralogy of of its union with genuine red wines. When the different places on the coast of Green-coloured by bilberry, campeachy wool, or land, at which the expedition touched, and elder, the precipitate is deep blue; and three bottles of water, one from a field of when with fernanbouc, red saunders, or ice, one of the water taken from the surface red beet, the precipitate is red. at the temperature of 324°, and the other at the depth of 80 fathoms, as brought up by Sir H. Davy's apparatus. When this apparatus is kept down 15 minutes at 80 fathoms, it gives the same temperature, when drawn up, as the self-registering thermometer. Some water, when taken up, was at 3040; and at the same time, the self-registering BY THE AUTHOR OF “ PARIS IN 1815," A FOEM, thermometer, at 200 fathoms, gave 28°. The wind was south, and the ice driving to the north. The specific gravity of the sea water, in lat. 74°, and temperature 46°, is 1.0266, and at temperature 49°, 1.0260, when taken from a depth of 80 fathoms. We regret to learn, that the boxes landed at Leith were opened by the custom-house officers, and so roughly handled, that a very important part of one of the collections was utterly ruined. We trust that in future an order from government will prevent such unnecessary and absurd interference. ORIGINAL POETRY. [By Correspondents.] [From the New Times.] St. Helena. I hate thee, England! not that thou And shall no after legend tell His legions sworn to die-not yield; In sounds like monarchies undone ? I fled my legions saw me fly.- Crowding on the sleepless eye, And my old murderers, one by one Oh! for the storm of woe and crime, 'Tis past-the crown in slaughter worn, |