The White-headed or Bald Eagle. FalcoLeucocephalus. (Vol. IV. p. 90.) Formed by nature for braving the severest cold, feeding equally on the produce of the sea and of the land, possessing powers of flight capable of outstripping even the tempests themselves; unawed by any thing but man; and from the ethereal heights to which he soars, looking abroad at one glance on an immeasurable expanse of forests, fields, lakes, and ocean, deep below him; he appears indifferent to the little localities of change of seasons, as in a few minutes he can pass from Summer to Winter, from the lower to the higher regions of the atmosphere, the abode of eternal cold, and from thence descend at will to the torrid or the arctic regions of the earth. He is therefore found at all seasons in the countries he inhabits, but prefers such places as have been mentioned above, from the great partiality he has for fish.

is just on the point of reaching his opponent,
when with a sudden scream, probably of de-
spair and honest execration, the latter drops
his fish; the Eagle, poising himself for a
moment, as if to take a more certain aim,
descends like a whirlwind, snatches it in
his grasp ere it reaches the water, and bears
his ill-gotten booty silently away into the
woods.

These predatory attacks and defensive
manoeuvres of the Eagle and the Fish-
Hawk, are matters of daily observation
along the whole of our sea-board, from
Georgia to New England, and frequently
excite great interest in the spectators.

The Ivory-billed Woodpecker. Picus prin-
cipalis. (Vol. IV. p. 20.)

This majestic and formidable species, in strength and magnitude, stands at the head of the whole class of Woodpeckers hitherto discovered. He may be called the king or chief of his tribe; and nature seems to have designed him a distinguished characteristic in the superb carmine crest, and bill of polished ivory, with which she has ornamented him. His eye is brilliant and daring, and his whole frame so admirably adapted for his mode of life, and method of procuring In procuring these, he displays, in a subsistence, as to impress on the mind of very singular manner, the genius and the examiner the most reverential ideas of energy of his character, which is fierce, the Creator. His manners have also a digcontemplative, daring, and tyrannical; at-nity in them superior to the common herd tributes not exerted but on particular occasions, but, when put forth, overpowering all opposition. Elevated on the high dead limb of some gigantic tree that commands a wide view of the neighbouring shore and ocean, he seems calmly to contemplate the motions of the various feathered tribes that pursue their busy avocations below; the snow-white Gulls, slowly winnowing the air; the busy Tringa, coursing along the sands; trains of Ducks, streaming over the surface; silent and watchful Cranes, intent and wading; clamorous Crows; and all the winged multitudes that subsist by the bounty of this vast liquid magazine of nature. High over all these, hovers one, whose action instantly arrests all his attention. By his wide curvature of wing and sudden suspension in the air, he knows him to be the Fish-Hawk, settling over some devoted victim of the deep. His eye kindles at the sight, and, balancing himself with half opened wings on the branch, he watches the result. Down, rapid as an arrow from heaven, descends the distant object of his attention, the roar of its wings reaching the ear as it disappears in the deep, making the surges foam around! At this moment the eager looks of the Eagle are all ardour; and levelling his neck for flight, he sees the Fish-Hawk once more emerge, struggling with his prey, and mounting in the air with screams of exultation. These are the signal for our hero, who, lanching into the air, instantly gives chase, soon gains on the Fish-Hawk, each exerts his utmost to mount above the other, displaying in these rencontres the most elegant and sublime aërial evolutions. The unincumbered Eagle rapidly advances, and

the bark, or digs his way into the trunkfor the sound and healthy tree is not the object of his attention. The diseased, infested with insects, and hastening to putrefaction, are his favourites; there the deadly crawling enemy have formed a lodgement, between the bark and tender wood, to drink up the very vital part of the tree. It is the ravages of these vermin which the intelligent proprietor of the forest deplores as the sole perpetrators of the destruction of his timber. Would it be believed that the larvæ of an insect, or fly, no longer than a grain of rice, should silently, and in one season, destroy some thousand acres of pine trees, many of them from two to three feet in diameter, and a hundred and fifty feet high? Yet, whoever passes along the high road from Georgetown to Charleston, in South Carolina, about twenty miles from the former place, can have striking and melancholy proofs of this fact. In some places the whole woods, as far as you can see around you, are dead, stripped of the bark, their wintry-looking arms and bare trunks bleaching in the sun, and tumbling in ruins before every blast, presenting a frightful picture of desolation.

In looking over the accounts given of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker by the naturalists of Europe, I find it asserted that it inhabits from New Jersey to Mexico. I believe, however, that few of them are ever seen of Woodpeckers. Trees, shrubbery, or- to the north of Virginia, and very few of chards, rails, fence posts, and old pros- them even in that State. The first place I trate logs, are alike interesting to those, in observed this bird at, when on my way to their humble and indefatigable search for the South, was about twelve miles north of prey; but the royal hunter now before us, Wilmington, in North Carolina. There I scorns the humility of such situations, and found the bird from which the drawing of seeks the most towering trees of the fo- the figure in the plate was taken. This bird rest, seeming particularly attached to those was only wounded slightly in the wing; prodigious cypress swamps, whose crowded and on being caught, uttered a loudly reitegiant sons stretch their bare and blasted or rated and most piteous note, exactly remoss-hung arms midway to the skies. In sembling the violent crying of a young these almost inaccessible recesses, amid child, which terrified my horse so as nearly ruinous piles of impending timber, his to have cost me my life. It was distressing trumpet-like note and loud strokes resound to hear it. I carried it with me in the chair, through the solitary savage wilds, of which under cover, to Wilmington. In passing he seems the sole lord and inhabitant. through the streets, its affecting cries surWherever he frequents, he leaves nume-prised every one within hearing, particurous monuments of his industry behind him. larly the females, who hurried to the doors We there see enormous pine-trees, with and windows with looks of alarm and cart-loads of bark lying around their roots, anxiety. I drove on, and on arriving at the and chips of the trunk itself, in such quan- piazza of the hotel where I intended to put tities as to suggest the idea that half a up, the landlord came forward, and a numdozen of axe-men had been at work there ber of other persons who happened to be for the whole morning. The body of the there, all equally alarmed at what they tree is also disfigured with such numerous heard; this was greatly increased by my and so large excavations, that one can asking whether he could furnish me with hardly conceive it possible for the whole to accommodations for myself and my baby. be the work of a Woodpecker. With such The man looked blank and foolish, while the strength, and an apparatus so powerful, others stared with still greater astonishment. what havoc might he not commit, if nume- After diverting myself for a minute or two rous, on the most useful of our forest trees; at their expense, I drew my Woodpecker and yet, with all these appearances, and much from under the cover, and a general laugh of vulgar prejudice against him, it may took place. I took him up stairs, and locked fairly be questioned whether he is at all in- him up in my room, while I went to see jurious, or, at least, whether his exertions my horse taken care of. In less than an do not contribute most powerfully to the pro-hour I returned, and on opening the door tection of our timber. Examine closely the he set up the same distressing shout, which tree where he has been at work, and you will now appeared to proceed from grief that he soon perceive that it is neither from motives had been discovered in his attempts at esof mischief or amusement that he slices off cape. He had mounted along the side of

THE LITERARY GAZETTE, AND

Morier's Second Journey through Persia.
4to. pp. 435.
(Continued.)

enemies

the Embassy proceeded thither, and were received in a distinguished manner The King having returned to Teheran, by an Istakball, or public deputation on their entry, which took place November 9th. In order to reconcile or get over dience was a private one. Mr. Morier some points of etiquette, the first au

thus describes it:-The Ambassador

the window, nearly as high as the cieling, | himself acceptable in the eyes of the late | ple of Ispahan, from whom the greater part a little below which he had begun to break King, by a large peesh-kesh, or present; of the riches are derived, in general very through. The bed was covered with large and as the then governor of Ispahan was a well-disposed towards him. He takes a pieces of plaster; the lath was exposed for man of dissolute life, oppressive and unjust, pride in the improvement of the city and at least fifteen inches square, and a hole, he succeeded in deposing him, and was large enough to admit the fist, opened to himself appointed the Beglerbeg: here, my eye since I was here last. The public the weather-boards, so that in less than from his intimate knowledge of the mar- buildings have been repaired and beautiits environs, and his success is evident to another hour he would certainly have suc-kets, and of all the resources of the city, fied, new avenues have been planted, the ceeded in making his way through. I now and of its inhabitants, he managed to create cultivation has considerably increased, and tied a string round his leg, and fastening it a larger revenue than had ever before been there is a more general appearance of affluto the table, again left him. I wished to pre-collected. He became the partner of every ence and prosperity. serve his life, and had gone off in search of shop-keeper, of every farmer, and of every suitable food for him. As I reascended the merchant; setting up those with capitals stairs, I heard him again hard at work; who were in want, and increasing the means and on entering had the mortification to of others who were already in trade. He perceive that he had almost entirely ruined thus appeared to confer benefits, when, by the mahogany table to which he was fas- his numerous monopolies, he raised the tened, and on which he had wreaked his prices of almost every commodity. But as whole vengeance. While engaged in taking this revenue was apparently acquired withthe drawing, he cnt me severely in several out the oppression of the peasant, his replaces; and, on the whole, displayed such putation as a financier greatly increased; a noble and unconquerable spirit, that I and in spite of all the opposition of his enewas frequently tempted to restore him to mies, he advanced rapidly in the confidence his native woods. He lived with me nearly of the reigning monarch, and in the ho- cavalry, we proceeded to the palace, where three days, but refused all sustenance, and nours to which it led. When the present we were received by the master of ceremoI witnessed his death with regret. Attended by me, and his escort of Indian King came to the throne, his zeal, his de-nies of the Khelwet, or private apartments, votedness, and particularly his presents, who conducted us to the Presence. The secured to him a continuation of the royal King was seated in a small upper room, favour, and at length he rose to be the and when we had perceived him, we made Ameen-ad-Dowlah, the second Vizier of the Want of room compelled us to omit first enabled him to energe from his green- of him, where we left our shoes and walked state. How he acquired the riches which our obeisances with all due respect, until the continuation of this interesting Jour-grocer's stall, is not exactly known. His on the bare stones until we were close to we were stopt at about thirty paces in front ney last week; and as we desire to finish in Persia, a string of Jaafer Khan's mules Amedeed," You are welcome; and " Biah its review before the new publications of were passing close to his house, in the mid- Ballah," Come up when we mounted a say, that during the last civil wars His Majesty. Here the King said, "Khosh the season begin to pour upon us, we dle of the night, when two of them by narrow flight of steps that led at once into resume our interrupted narrative. Of chance were detached from the rest: that the room. Ispahan, where the Embassy remained a they strayed into his yard; and that they dered carpet, spread on the ground in a short time, we have the following no-happened to be loaded with effects in pre- corner. Opposite to him stood the Grand He was seated on an embroicious stones, and other articles of great Vizier Mirza Sheffea and Ameen-ad-Dowtion of that prince, he appropriated to him- dressed, one bearing his crown, a second value, which, on the subsequent destruc- lah; and on one side four pages richly self. This would make a good episode in his sword, a third his bow and arrows, and an Arabian night's tale; and at any rate it the fourth his shield and battle-axe. The may be said, that by these or some other Ambassador was conducted by the Grand means he made presents to Meerza She- Vizier, and stooping down presented the fea, then the Prime minister, for the sake letter to the King, who pointed to a spot of being permitted to stand in his presence. about two or three inches from him, where he is, of the few qualifications, either of diamond ring with which he was charged as birth or learning, that are necessary to beThere cannot be a stronger instance than he placed it. After that he presented the come a statesman in Persia. He is as illite-appropriate expressions on the occasion, rate as a green-grocer may well be supposed. to which the King answered, by pointing to Since his elevation, necessity has obliged the letter, and saying, "This is better than a present from the King of England, using As the modern state of Ispahan is in has succeeded so ill, that he can scarcely then desired the Ambassador to seat himhim to learn how to read and write; but he a mountain of diamonds." His Majesty great measure identified with the Ameen- make out a common note, or join two words self, which he did on the ground; and after ad-Dowlah, and as his history gives great together in writing. That a little learn- that ensued a conversation, in which the insight into the vicissitudes of Persian life, ing is a dangerous thing," was never better King, with great dignity, expressed the the following account of him may, I hope, applied than to him: for once, at an au- high esteem he entertained for our nation. be found acceptable. He was originally a dience of the King, being called upon to The Ambassador seized this green-grocer in Ispahan, of which city he read a list of presents just received, he made extol the conduct of the King's Envoy durand his family are natives. His first rise from this humble station was to become wroth, and was about to inflict summary jesty seemed to listen with pleasure; and so great a mistake, that His Majesty grew ing his stay in England, to which His Maopportunity to the Ket Khoda (or deputy) of his mahal, punishment, when he got out of the di- then ordered Mirza Abul Hassan Khan to or division; his next, to become that of alemma by offering on the spot a large sum larger mahal: he then was promoted to be of money, as an apology for his ignorance. stood below with his shoes off, by the the Kelanter, or mayor, of the city; and Sancho managed these things better. thence he became the Thaubit, or Chief, of be called, who soon after appeared, and a rich and extensive district near Ispahan, raising money to feed the King's coffers, well done, Abul Hassan, you have made But in his particular department, that of him aloud, side of a basin of water. He then said to where he acquired great reputation for his perhaps no man in Persia has ever surpassed my face white in a foreign country, and I good government. He afterwards made him; and with all this, we found the peo-will make yours white in this. You are Aferin, aferin, Well done,

tice:

The great city of Ispahan, which Chardin has described as being 24 miles in circumference, were it to be weeded (if the expression may be used) of its ruins, would now dwindle to about a quarter of that circumference. One might suppose that God's curse had extended over parts of this city, as it did over Babylon. Houses, bazars, mosques, palaces, whole streets, are to be seen in total abandonment; and I have rode for miles among its ruins, without meeting with any living creature, except perhaps a jackal peeping over a wall, or a fox running to his hole.

one of the noblest of the families in my kingdom; and with the help of God, I will raise you to the dignities of your ancestors;" at which words the Mirza knelt down and actually touched the earth with his forehead.

Sometime after this, the Ambassador had his public audience, when we saw the King in great splendour. He was decked in all his jewels, with his crown on his head, his bazúbends, or armlets on his arms, seated on his throne.

The jewels disposed over his dress are embroidered on the stuff. Large stones of considerable value are placed on the shoulders. Upon his crown, which is very heavy, and set with jewels, is inscribed in Persian characters-Help from God, and speedy victory. On the front of it is placed the Jika, an upright ornament of jewellery, which is the great distinction of Persian royalty. The bazúbends* (ornaments that are fastened above the elbow) are composed of precious stones, of great value, and are only worn by the King and

his sons.

This audience passed off like that which I have before described in my former joural; and I will therefore proceed to relate at the Ambassadress also paid a visit of remony to the King of Persia's chief wife, led the Bunoo Harem, whom, for want On more appropriate title, we styled the

could

by the attendants to do the same; but The Shah will arrive before we can get
no sooner were they amongst them than to the palace to receive him. Come, Mirza
the Persian women fell upon them like Sheffea, let us go; for God's sake don't de-
harpies to analyse their dress, of which lay. Upon this the Ambassador took up
they expressed the most unbounded curio-his papers, locked them into his box, and
sity. It is agreed by the Persians that the said, " Gentlemen, if this be the case,
dress of our females is in every way prefer- there is no treaty, for I will never again be
able to theirs; but they will not allow the fooled after this manner." What, you
same in favour of the dresses of our men. would not have us killed?' cried out the
Viziers.
There is an excellent description of
Be the consequences upon your
the religious ceremony in celebration of this be assured, that I will never again per-
but of
heads,' replied His Excellency;
the death of Imam Hossein, which oc- mit myself to be treated with this disre-
cupies the first ten days of the month spect.'" Well, then," said Mirza Sheffea,
Moharrem, commencing the Mahome- very calmly, "You go, Ameen-ad-Dow-
dan year. We regret that it is too long lah; I will sign the treaty now, and die to-
for an extract. The martyrdom of Hos-morrow;" upon which the Ameen-ad-Dow-
sein, and of sixty-two followers slain in lah left his seals with Mirza Sheffea, and
defending him, is represented most cir- with the utmost speed hastened to the på-
lace. The treaty was then signed and
cumstantially :—
sealed, the Grand Vizier performing that
ceremony for his colleague.

The scene terminated by the burning of
Kerbelah. Several reed huts had been con-
structed behind the enclosure before-men-
tioned, which of a sudden were set on fire.
The tomb of Hossein was seen covered with
black cloth, and upon it sat a figure dis-
guised in a tiger's skin, which was intended
to represent the miraculous lion, recorded
to have kept watch over his remains after
he had been buried. The most extraordi-
nary part of the whole exhibition was the
representation of the dead bodies of the
martyrs; who having been decapitated, were
all placed in a row, each body with a head
close to it. To effect this, several Per-
sians buried themselves alive, leaving the
head out just above ground; whilst others
put their heads under ground, leaving out
the body. The heads and bodies were
placed in such relative positions to each

other, as to make it appear that they had
been severed. This is done by way of pen-
ance; but in hot weather the violence of
the exertion has been known to produce
death.

The presents from England were got to Teheran in May; but owing to the total want of wheeled conveyances in Persia, and these heavy articles* being transported partly on camels and partly on the backs of men (who sometimes fastened the largest packages on gun carriages, and let them run down the in a sad state of mutilation. Two thirds steepest hills on their route ad libitim,) of the glasses were demolished, and most of the carriages disabled. One built for the King, however, was among the least damaged, and being repaired, it was presented in great forin :

It was first necessary to knock down part of the wall of our court-yard, to get it with considerable difficulty through the into the street, and then it was dragged palace, where the Ambassador, attended narrow streets and bazaars to the King's by the Grand Vizier, and all the prinSoon after this the treaty was signed cipal officers of the State, were in readiness under very novel and curious circum-to exhibit to the King. His Majesty stances. Nothing can more clearly shew walked around the carriage, examined it very minutely, admired its the extreme difference between the manners of Persia and of Europe, than such cised its contrivances, and transactions as are here related:

Qen of Persia. The Ambassadress was
induced into a large open room, at one
cor of which was seated the Queen,
dred out in truly Persian splendour.
Lar gilded knobs appeared on her head-
dreswhich was of a great size; and the
othearts of her attire, like that of Zo-
beidene Caliph's favourate in the Arabian
Nighwere so loaded with jewels that she
arcely walk. In a corner of the
room d some of the King's children, so
stiffeneut with brocade, velvets, furs,
and jewry, that they almost looked like The treaty with Persia was signed on the
fixtures Great numbers of women were 14th March 1812, at the Ameen-ad-Dow-
arranged rows without the room, all or-lah's house. The King, during its nego
namenteth jewellery; and on the whole
there app to have been a great display
of magnifice, although it did not amount
quite to
At the Persians would have
made us onceive. The Ambassadress
presented
Queen of England's picture,
most beauty set round with brilliants
of the purester, to the personage before
whom she Weated, who was quite un-
conscious of
beauty of the workman-
ship; but we rwards learnt that it was
greatly admire His Majesty, whose dis-
evaluables is very acute.
dress partook of some
yo maids were led out

crimination in Whilst the Am refreshments,

leaving his shoes at the duty, criti

got inside,

and seating himself with much satisfaction upon the velvet cushions. Mirza Abul Hassan Khan, the late Persian Envoy; Feraj Ullan Khan, (the Chief Executioner;) some of the Seciation, had gone out of the city on one of cretaries of State, and other personages of his usual hunting parties, and had desired rank, all in their court dresses, then fasthat it should be concluded by his return. tened themselves to it, and dragged His When the Plenipotentiaries had assembled, Majesty backwards and forwards to his great and as they were just on the point of sign- delight, which he expressed by some good ing and sealing, of a sudden the door of remarks on the conveniency of carriages, the apartment was thrown open with vio- and the ingenuity of Europeans, who had lence by one of the King's running foot- brought them to such perfection. The cirmen, who exclaimed, Mujdeh (good cumstance that surprised the Grand Vizier news!) the Shah is close to the city, and the most was, that it could go backwards will reach the palace in an hour;” and addressing himself to the two Persian Pleni-seat for more than half an hour, observing as well as forwards. The King kept his potentiaries, said, I must have ten to- that there would be very good sitting-room mauns from both of you." The Ameen-adDowlah, whose fear of the King was paramount to every other feeling, arose from his seat in great agitation, exclaiming,

Carriages, looking glasses, grand piano forte large mahogany dining table, and other cumbrous pieces of furniture.

for two, pointing to the bottom of the carriage as the place for the second. When he had smoked his kaleoon within it, he descended, and made the Ambassador a very handsome acknowledgment for so magnificent a present, and ordered the Ameen-ad-Dowlah to purchase six large horses to draw it; however we learnt shortly after that it was put into a warehouse, where it was bricked up, where it has been ever since, and where it is likely to remain.

ITALIAN LITERATURE.

I. Of the various national Dictionaries which are considered as containing the treasures of the different languages of Europe, none perhaps has enjoyed a reputation more extensive, durable, and wellmerited, than the Vocabolario della Crusca. It may in fact be truly said, that the admiration of the Italians has even risen to a great work as absolutely perfect, has been an obstacle to the improvements, additions, and corrections, which are rendered necessary in every work of the kind, by the changes of language produced by the lapse of time. Many enlightened

Italians themselves have been long sensible of this truth, and have wished to see an authorized edition of the Vocabolario della Crusca, which should really approach as nearly as possible to that perfection which has hitherto been erroneously ascribed to that great work. It is not our purpose to enter at length into this subject, our intention being merely to point out to the lovers of Italian Literature, a work published at Milan under the title of" Proposta di alcune correzioni ed Aggiunte al Vocabolario della Crusca. Milan. Vol. I. Parte primer, in 8vo.

this distinguished art, still wanted a Dic-| tion of Frederic's Lessons-the last but one
tionary of Painters.
Your humble Servant, &c.

-from

EVENING V.

State Policy.

Whoever examines this new Diction-
ary, must commend the method which
the author has adopted. He has drawn West Square, October 12.
from the best sources; and his life of Ti-
tian and the other painters of the Vecelli
family, shews that he is well versed in the
subject. He has excluded from his book,
which is reduced within a sinall compass,
in proportion to the number and extent of
the subjects to be treated of, every notice
which is not sufficiently authenticated, or
which has not an immediate relation to the
character, the style, the age of the artists
named. On the other hand, he has taken
great pains to point out with precision, the
places where their best works are to be
found, a labour which will certainly be
gratefully acknowledged by all artists, as
well as by connoisseurs and dilettanti.

In giving his opinion of the artists and
their works, he has always supported it from
the most exact and impartial writers, fre-
quently confronting their opinions, and
studiously avoiding to suffer himself to be
guided by those prepossessions, favourable
or unfavourable, which not only prevail be-
tween artists, but are perpetuated between
different nations and different schools.

The Dictionary is arranged according to the surnames, which not only renders it more easy to find the painter sought, but serves also to keep together many families of painters, which, by an alphabetical arrangement according to their Christian names, are disadvantageously separated from each other. Though the book treats only of the painters from the revival of the fine arts till 1800, the author has very judiciously inserted, at the end, the series of Greek and Roman painters, extracted from the celebrated work of Junius, De Pictura Veterum. In another appendix he has II. Dizionario des Pittori, &c. i. e. Dic-given some very brief remarks on the distionary of Painters, from the revival of the Fine Arts till the year 1800. By Stefano Tircozzi, Honorary Member of the Society of Sculpture, at Carrara. 2 Vols. 8vo. with two copper-plates, containing the ciphers (in marks) of the Painters.

Milan. 1818.

tinctive characters of the different schools;
of original pictures and copies; and the
choice of good pictures.

The author mentions his design of compiling a Dictionary of Engravers. When this design is completed, Italy will possess in the two works what England has already We seldom see a fine picture without de-in one-Bryan's excellent Dictionary of siring to know who is the painter, and to Painters and Engravers, an account of have some account of him. But from the which is contained in one of our preceding

revival of the fine arts till our times, there has arisen among various nations so great a number of artists of merit, that a book, giving a compendious list of painters of every age and country, and of their more celebrated works, was really a desideratum (in Italy.) Orlandi attempted to supply it with his Abecedario Pittorico; but his book, though very useful, and frequently reprinted with additions, was never recast, and always remained imperfect.

This induced M. Tircozzi to undertake the laborious compilation of a dictionary of painters. He might have added in his preface, that while other nations who paint less have lives of their painters in alphabetical order, Italy, the mother and cradle of

Numbers.

ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE.

ROYAL EVENING CONVERSATIONS,

OR

LESSONS ON THE ART OF GOVERNMENT.

(Attributed to Frederic III. of Prussia, as
addressed to his Nephew and Heir ap-
parent, afterward Frederic IV.)

JOHN CAREY.

State policy is reducible to three principles. The first is, to insure our own preservation, and, when opportunities occur, to promote our aggrandisement: the second, to contract no alliances, except with a view to our own interest: the third, to inake our neighbours fear and respect us, even in our most disastrous days.

First Principle.

On my accession to the throne, I visited my father's coffers, and there discovered, that, by his rigid economy, I was provided with means adequate to the execution of grand and extensive projects.-Some time after this, I reviewed my troops, and found them as fine a body of men as I could wish.— After that review, I re-visited my coffers, and thence drew supplies, which enabled me to double my military establishment.-Having thus acquired two-fold strength, it was quite natural that I should not confine my views to the bare preservation of my existing possessions: and, accordingly, I soon determined to take advantage of the first favorable opportunity that Fortune should present to me.

of

In the mean time I sedulously exercise my troops, and exerted every effort to *tract the eyes of all Europe to my militry manoeuvres. I, every year, made some nnovations in my system, for the purpos impressing the world with an idea of my superior skill; and I at length attaine the object which I had in view: I turn the brains of all my fellow sovereigns every one of whom thought himself ruin and undone, if his soldiers were not tight to move their feet, their hands, thej heads, quite in the Prussian style: ar every officer and soldier in my army faned himself twice as good a man, when hsaw that our manœuvres were every-whermitated.

When once my troops had the acquired a superiority over those of oth nations, my attention was thenceforwar solely occupied in examining what ptensions I might form to different provins.

Four principal points n presented themselves to my eye-naly, Silesia, Polish Prussia, Dutch Guerland, and Swedish Pomerania.-Silesivas an object than all the more worthy of my rega others, and the more invig, as circumstances were then more vorable to my views in that quarter. Silesia, therefore, I fixed my choice rusting to time for the execution of my signs against the other points.—I shallot undertake to prove to you the validit f my pretensions to that province: I le them to be established by my orators e Empress Queen

To the Editor of the Literary Gazette.
SIR,
With this, you will receive another por- | tête aux puissances.”

"Turned the brain.

"Je tournai la

caused them to be contested by hers and we can hope to achieve any grand or mewe determined the controversy by the de-morable deed. Look to the example of cisive argument of sword and gun. England! She has bound the sea in fetters: and that fierce element no longer dares to bear any vessel without her permission.

But, to return to the favorable crisis which had swayed my choice-the circumstances which produced it, were theseFrance wished to wrest the Imperial crown from the house of Austria; and nothing could have given me greater pleasure.-France was desirous of erecting, in Italy, a sovereignty for the Infante of Spain; and I was delighted with the project, because it could not otherwise be realised, than at the expense of the Empress Queen. -Finally, France conceived the noble design of marching to the gates of Vienna; and that was the very juncture which I forecast, as the desired opportunity to seize on Silesia.

Hence, my dear Nephew, be provided with money: give to your troops an air of superiority: watch the tide of events; and you may rest secure, not only of preserving your dominions, but of extending their boundaries.

There are some mistaken politicians, who pretend, that a state, which has once attained to a certain degree of magnitude, ought not to aim at any further aggrandisement; because (say they) the system of political equilibrium has, in a manner, limited each potentate || to his proper sphere. —I grant, indeed, that the ambition of Louis XIV. had nearly proved fatal to France and I well recollect the many anxious pangs which my own ambitious projects have cost me: but, on the other hand, I cannot forget, that France, in the midst of her severest calamities, was yet able to bestow a diadem, besides retaining possession of the various provinces which her arms had won: and you have lately seen, that I myself, though assailed on all sides by that furious tempest which threatened to overwhelm me, was not ultimately a loser.

The conclusion to be drawn from those various considerations, is, that we ought, at all events, to attempt something, and be firmly persuaded that nothing* misbecomes us; but, at the same time, cautiously to avoid † a too ostentatious display of our pretensions.-Above all things, be careful to pension and keep at your court two or three able writers; and leave to them the task of vindicating your conduct.

(To be concluded in our next.)

* "Misbecomes us."-The original, "Tout nous convient," equally signifies "Every thing becomes us," or "Every thing suits us.' Perhaps I may have chosen the wrong meaning:

the anonymous extracts give the other, viz.

"There is nothing which will not suit our con-
venience."

+"A too ostentatious display”
avec trop de vanité ses prétensions."

....

Afficher

To the Editor of the Literary Gazette.
SIR,

Having frequently remarked, both in travelling and in reading books of travels, how very sensible a pleasure is afforded in the one case when a scene occurs that reminds us of English scenery; in the other, trated by reference to a familiar one in our where a scene in a remote country is illusown; I beg to inform your Readers of a very striking resemblance to the aspect of many parts of Greece which exists in this county; a resemblance so striking as to be at this season of the year quite illusive. I allude to those parts of the Sussex Downs which occur between Rottendean and Newhaven; and still more strikingly between the villages of East and West Dean near Seaford: a Tartar with a train of mules, and a few cypresses here and there, would make the picture so perfect, that I am persuaded it would perplex any traveller to find the points of diversity between these very accessible spots, and the general aspect of several parts of the Levant. The resemblance is at present made more perfect, by the removal of the crops of grain from the cultivated parts of the Downs (the colour of The "Balance of power" is a term which stubble being every where alike;) but it has infatuated mankind, because they fan-chiefly depends on the outline of the hills;

Thus you see that every thing depends on the firmness and courage of him who boldly seises what he can. Besides, my dear Nephew, you can hardly conceive how important it is for a king occasionally to deviate from the beaten track. It is only by the marvellous that he can dazzle the eyes of mankind, and acquire an exalted

name.

the year ensuing, was, in full Convocation, invested with that office; after which the Vice-Chancellor nominated his Pro-ViceChancellors, viz. the Rev. John Cole, D.D. Rector of Exeter College; the Rev. Thomas Lee, D.D. President of Trinity College;' the Rev. George William Hall, D.D. Master of Pembroke College; and the Rev. Peter Vaughan, D.D. Warden of Merton.

Congregations have been and will be holden for the purpose of granting Graces and conferring Degrees, on the following days in the ensuing Term: viz. Saturday, October 10, Thursday 22; Thursday November 12, Thursday 19, Thursday 26; Thursday December 3, Thursday 17.

ARTS AND SCIENCES.

SCIENTIFIC MISCELLANIES. PLATINUM.-An extraordinary mass of genuine native Platinum has lately been found near a gold mine in the government of Chocó, in South America, and sent to the king at Madrid, who has presented it to the Museum. Its large diameter is 2 inches 4 lines; and its small diameter 2 inches. Its height 4 inches and 4 lines; its weight 1 pound 9 ounces 1 drachm; its colour that of native silver. The surface is rough, and here and there spotted with yellow iron ochre. Blackwood's Edinb. Magazine.

London, 10th October 1818
That wonderful and amusing instrument,

the "Magic Lantern," is known to almost
most people, however, con-
every one:
tent themselves with admiring the effects,
without investigating the causes. This re-
mark cannot apply to all your readers,
therefore I would beg (with your permis-
sion) a little information from any one of

cied that it insured the stability of posses- the singular variety of shadows thrown upon them, as to the necessary composition or

sion; though it is, in reality, only an un-
meaning phrase: for Europe is a great
family, which contains too many unnatural
brothers, and unfriendly relatives. I will
even say more than that, my dearNephew:-
it is only by disregarding that system, that

+"Argument of sword and gun”—“ à coups de sabres et de fusils"—with sabre-strokes and musket-shots.

the crater-like hollows of the Downs; the
total absence of towns and villages; and
the paucity of houses and population.
I remain, Sir, &c. &c.

East Bourne.

PHILELLE DOS.

LEARNED SOCIETIES.

OXFORD, October 10.

On Tuesday the Rev. Frodsham Hodson, D.D. Principal of Brasennose College, having been previously nominated by the Right Hon. Lord Grenville, Chancellor of the University, to be Vice-Chancellor for

process for painting on the glass slides, on the truth and natural design of which a great part of the illusion depends. Your insertion will greatly oblige, &c.

L. W. P.S. At an Optician's, in a great thoroughfare in the city, I was surprised to see on three slides for a lantern, the following scriptural subjects:

1. St. John preaching in the Wilderness! 2. Christ entering into Jerusalem!! 3. The Crucifixion !!! Which, though beautifully delineated, are, in my humble opinion, improper for such an exhibition.

4