RIVER PLATE NEWSPAPERS.

Buenos Ayres.

The Tribuna was established in 1854 by Hector and Mariano Varela, sons of the distinguished writer D. Florencio Varela. It is the first paper in the River Plate, as regards influence and circulation. It appears every morning; subscription $10 a month. Circulation 5,000.

The Republica was established in 1867 by Mr. Bernheim, and has bee. very successful as an experiment of a cheap press. It appears every morning; subscription, $25 a month. Circulation, 1,000.

The Nacion Argentina was established in 1862, by Dr. José Maria Gutierrez, and was regarded as the official organ of General Mitre's administration. It appears every morning; subscription, $10 a month. Circulation, 2,000.

The Nacional is the oldest paper in Buenos Ayres, having been established in 1853. Among its editors, at various times, have been General Mitre, Pres. Sarmiento, Dr. V. Sarsfield, Dr. Avellaneda, and other leading public men. It appears every evening, subscription $10 a month. Circulation, 2,000.

The Standard was established in 1861 by Michael and Edward Thomas Mulhall, being the first English daily ever published in South America. It has three editions, the Daily for Buenos Ayres and Montevideo, the Weekly for the country departments, the Fortnightly for Europe: subscription for Daily $30, for Weekly $200 a year; Fortnightly £1 a year. Circulation, 3,000.

The Courrier de la Plata was established by M. Legout in 1864, as the organ of the French population. It appears every morning; subscription, $30 a month. Circulation, 1,200.

The España, a tri-weekly organ of the Spanish residents.

The America, a new daily paper; subscription, $30.

The Deutsche Zeitung was established in 1866, its present editor being Mr. Napp. It appears every morning; subscription, $30 a month.

The Nazione Italiana was established in 1868, by Dr. Bianchi. It appears every morning: subscription, $30 a month.

The Intereses Argentinos is a paper of a religious character. It was established in 1868; subscription, $30 a month.

The Mosquito is a weekly 'charivari,' illustrated. It was established in 1863; subscription, $20 a month.

The Revista de Buenos Ayres is a valuable monthly periodical, established in 1862, by Drs. Navarro Viola and Quesada; subscription, $30 a month. The Revista Argentina, established in 1868, by José M. Estrada, is similar to the last. Appears fortnightly; subscriptions, $30 a month.

Annales de la Sociedad Rural is the name of a monthly farming gazette, published by the Rural Society.

Montevideo.

The Siglo was first established in 1863, but suppressed by Government in the following year. It re-appeared in 1865, under M. Vaillant, and is now edited by Dr. Ramirez. It appears every morning; subscription $2 a month. Circulation, 2,000.

The Tribuna was established by Colonel Bustamante in 1866, and is edited by Señor Tavolara. It is considered the official paper. It appears every morning; subscription, $2 a month. Circulation, 1,500. There is an evening edition called the Tribunita.

The Telegrafo Maritimo is an old established shipping gazette, published every afternoon by D. Juan Bucla.

The Mercantil del Plata was established in 1868, and appears every morning.

The Orden is a morning paper, edited by Sr. Gordillo.

The Progreso is a small evening paper, also of recent date.

Rosario.

The Capital is a daily paper, established in 1868.
The Federalista, also new, appears likewise daily.

Cordoba.

The Eco de Cordoba is the only daily paper in the interior.

Entre-Rios.

The Uruguay published at Concepcion, is edited by Sr. Victorica. It is considered General Urquiza's official organ, and appears daily.

Paraguay.

The Semanario, official organ, appears weekly at Asuncion.

The Cabichuy, is a weekly 'charivari.'

There are numerous small weekly papers published in the provincial towns, viz. at San Juan, Mendoza, Salta, Tucuman, Corrientes, Paraná, Santa Fé, Salto, Paysandú, Colonia, &c.

CHAP. XIV.

MONEYS, WEIGHTS, MEASURES, AND DISTANCES.

BUENOS AYRES.

In Buenos Ayres the basis of the currency is the paper dollar or «peso,»> worth 2d. English, 25 «pesos» being equal to a hard dollar, such as used in North America. In all exchange operations, and the like, only specie is used, the sovereign being taken for $4 90c. silver, or for $122 paper. The gold coins of England, North America, France, Spain, and Brazil are a legal tender throughout the Republic, at the following rates:—

In the upper provinces almost all transactions are carried on in Bolivian

silver, the value of which slightly fluctuates at times. The Bolivian dollar averages about 3s. English, or twenty-one to the doubloon.

It will be seen that a Spanish ton is 240 less than an English ton. The Spanish league is vulgarly taken to represent three miles, but it is fully three and a-quarter miles. The cuadra, in measuring land, is always 150 varas, but some of the provincial towns are built in cuadras or blocks of 100 or 120 varas. In calculating distances, twelve cuadras may be estimated as an English mile. The superficial cuadra covers about four acres, and is also called a «manzana : » there are 1,600 «manzanas» in a square league of land. A «suerte» of estancia usually measures one and a-half leagues long, by half a league wide, comprising 27,000,000 square varas: a square league of land contains 36,000,000 varas.

MONTEVIDEO.

Before the suspension of specie payments, 1867, the currency was fixed on the basis of a dollar worth 52d. English, or 4 per cent. more than the North American dollar. At present, October 1868, the currency is at a discount of 15 per cent.; but the former value of the currency, in relation with foreign currency, was—

The weights and measures are the same as in Buenos Ayres; but the cuadras in the city are only 100 varas square. The French metrical system is being gradually introduced, and building lots are sometimes sold by the metre, which is three inches longer than an English yard. In measuring land the cuadra is fixed at 100 varas, so that a league is said to be sixty cuadras long, and a superficial league to contain 3,600 manzanas: of course the league is exactly the same length as in Buenos Ayres.

PARAGUAY.

Before the war the currency of the country consisted partly of doubloons and partly paper dollars, all accounts being payable by law in half and half. The paper dollar, in 1864, was worth about half-a-crown English, or

twenty-five to the doubloon; say 64 cents. silver. No foreign coin had circulation in the country.

The table of weights is the same as in Buenos Ayres. The land measure is very different—