In regard to the fourth and fifth points of inquiry, in addition to his own oath, showing his receipts and expenditures on account of the invention, by which its value is to be ascertained, the applicant should show, by the testimony of disinterested witnesses on oath, that he has taken all reasonable mea sures to introduce his invention into general use, and that, without default or neglect on his part, be has failed to obtain from the use and sale of the invention a reasonable re

of skinning diagonally is the first of the kind done in any of the yards.

New Fire-engine.-A new fire-engine, made by Mr. Farmer, of Birmingham, was exhibited at the Fire Police station, Temple-court, Liverpool. The engine, which is very simple in its construction, is capable of throwing eighty gallons per minute to an altitude of forty feet; six men are required to work it. It consists of a cistern about four feet long and two wide; the water is drawn from the cistern by what the inventor calls the rotatory engine, which is simply a wheel of four fans, made to revolve in a circular box with great rapidity; the water is by this means drawn from the engine by one pipe, It will be useful for fires in hay ricks or houses; it would also be of use in cooling salvages, for which a rose-headed pipe is provided, distribut"ing the water extensively; but it appears to want power for such fires as occasionally happen in this town.-I.iverpool Courier.

expense bestowed on the same, and the introduction thereof into use.

}

The report of the examiner upon the novelty and utility of the invention, will be ready fifteen days before the day appointed for the hearing, which will be open for inspection at the Patent Office; copies of which will be furnished to all parties interested, if desired, on payment of the usual fees for copies.

In case of opposition by any person to the extension of a patent, both parties may take testimony, each giving reasonable notice to the other of the time and place of taking said testimony, which shall be taken according to the rules prescribed by the Commissioner of Patents in cases of interference.

All arguments submitted to the board must be in writing.

In conclusion, the undersigned would remark, generally, that a monopoly of his invention is secured by law to the inventor for the term of fourteen years. This is done with a view to compensate him for his time and expense in originating and perfecting it. At the end of the time for which his patent runs, his monopoly should cease, and the invention become public property, unless he can show good reasons to the contrary. The presumption is always against his application; and if he cannot show that his invention is novel, useful, valuable and important to the public, and that, having made all reasonable effort to introduce it into general use, he has not been adequately remunerated for his time and expenses in discovering and perfecting it, the board cannot grant an extension.

JAMES BUCHANAN, Sec. of State.
EDMUND BURKE, Com. of Patents.
F. BARTON, Sol. of the Treasury.

NOTES AND NOTICES.

Diagonal Skinning.-The Teazer, steam-vessel, building at Chatham, is completed in her frame, and the shipwrights are about commencing the planking of this vessel. The skinning of the vessel is diagonal, with three thicknesses of oak, the outside fore and aft being two inches thick, and the inner skinning one and a half inch. This system

A Geological Curiosity.-There is now in the possession of John Dimmock, Esq., a curiosity in the shape of a mass of manufactured Coral limestone, several inches in diameter, in which are firmly imbedded several Spanish dollars. It is a specimen of a treasure found by an American company, organised in Baltimore, on the wreck of the San Pedro, which was burnt and blown up Feb. 11, 1815, near the island of Cocho, on the coast of Venezuela, Central America. It is supposed that the ship had on board, when she was destroyed, several hundred dollars, a portion of which has been found by our enterprising countrymen, and brought away. They will probably become in good time, masters of all the treasure. Only thirty years have elapsed since the vessel was sunk, and the specie which she contained scattered over the coral reefs and sands; yet the formation of the rock is perfect, consisting of coral, sand, and shell, in which is also a piece of the wood-work of the ship. In this respect it will possess great interest for the geologist. -Boston Journal.

The Clock Manufacture in America.-The great extent to which this is carried, may be judged of, from the fact, that one single establishment, Jerome's, of Newhaven, turns out 50,000 clocks every year.

Deep Well. The American papers mention an extraordinary spring of water in Missouri, about 50 miles north of Bateville, which has been sounded to the depth of 500 feet without reaching its bottom. The water flows with but little variation in quantity all the year. The quantity is estimated to be from 20,000 to 30,000 cubic feet per minute. The fall is rapid, amounting in distance of half a mile to 12 or 13 feet.

Air Churn.-The Bishop of Derry has invented an atmospheric churn. Instead of the present unscientific mode of making butter by churning, his Lordship accomplishes this measure by the simpler manner of forcing a full current of atmospheric air through the cream, by means of an exceedingly well devised forcing pump. The air passes through a glass tube connected with the air-pump, descending nearly to the bottom of the churn. The churn is of tin, and it fits into another tin cylinder provided with a funnel and stop-cock, so as to heat the cream to the necessary temperature. The pump is worked by means of a winch, which is not so laborious as the usual churu. Independently of the happy ap plication of science to this important department of dome ti economy in a practical point of view it is extremely valuable. The milk is not moved by a dasher, as in the common churn; but the oxygen of the atmosphere is brought into close contact with the cream, so as to effect a full combination of the butyraceous part, and to convert it all into butter. On one occasion the churning was carried on for the space of one hour and 45 minutes, and 11 gallons of cream produced 26lb. of butter.-Globe.

WHEN Sir Robert Peel brought forward his proposition for the emancipation of the glass manufacture from the combined thraldom of the exciseman and taxgatherer, he dwelt particularly on its applicability as a material for water pipes, as one among many reasons for the measure. He had "read in the Courier de l'Europe, that in France they were now manufacturing glass pipes for the conveyance of water, which cost nearly 30 per cent. less than pipes manufactured of iron." Had the Premier made enquiry of persons practically acquainted with the manufacture, he would have found that it is much easier to talk about employing glass for water pipes, than to tell how such pipes are to be made—that is, pipes of the same length as those usually made in iron, and of like uniformity of bore and substance. We are certain that he could not have produced a single glass pipe made in England of 5 feet long and uniform bore and substance; neither do we believe the authority of the Courier de l'Europe notwithstanding-that he could have searched all France and Europe through with any better success.

The

fact is, that to make pipes of such length and quality has hitherto exceeded the glass blower's art, as well in foreign countries as in our own, and whether fettered or not fettered by fiscal interference. One good effect, however, of the attention drawn to the subject by the Minister is, that this reproach (if so it may be called) is very likely to be soon removed. In this, as in other cases, the existence of a great want has been no sooner made known, than numbers of ingenious individuals have set themselves to work to supply it; and if the thing be not speedily achieved, we may be tolerably certain, that it is only because it is not within the limits of possibility. We have now before us the specification of one patentee, who states, that he can manufacture glass pipes "of any of the lengths usually required for such purposes, (conveyance of water and other fluids,) and of uniform bore and substance, or nearly so, and with joints adapted thereto, by which they be as readily and directly connected as any other pipes ;" and we have heard of some other patents being completed and in progress, having a similar object

may

The processes which Mr. Roe adopts, are thus described in his specification.

The

"In preparing the glass of which the pipes are to be made, and bringing it into the state fit for the purpose, I employ for the melting of the same a blast of hot atmospheric air, such as is commonly known in its application to the smelting of iron, by the name of the hot blast, and produced by passing the air through a hot chamber or chambers, before bringing it to the point of application. Or I employ an air-hydrogen jet or jets, similar to what is, or are employed in autogenous soldering; or I employ a hydrogen jet in combination with the hot-air blast, and I make use of the said air-hydrogen jet, or hot-air blast, or combination of the two, either exclusively during the preparation and manufacture of the glass as aforesaid, or as an auxiliary or auxiliaries only when very high degrees of heat are required. manner of heating the air and of afterwards conducting and applying it to the smelting furnace depends in some measure upon circumstances, that is to say, whether it is applied to an ordinary glass furnace, or whether a furnace is purposely constructed. When applied to an ordinary glass furnace, the air having been collected in a large gasometer, is then forced out by pressure through a heated flue or chamber, or in any other convenient manner, and made to circulate through such heated flue or chamber, until its temperature is sufficiently raised, after which it is applied in a manner similar to that used for the hot blast in the smelting of iron. Means however should be adopted either for shutting out the access of the cold air to the furnace altogether, or admitting it at pleasure, which object is accomplished by the use of a door or doors, so placed as ef fectually when shut to keep out such draft or drafts. When a furnace is purposely constructed for the application of the hot blast, it may be so formed as to leave no other draft, except only that from the hot blast, a door being left for merely supplying fuel to the furnace, either at the front or side. The apparatus for making the glass into pipes is represented in the accompanying engravings. Fig. 1 is a side view of an apparatus which I employ for the purpose of manufacturing pipes of large dimensions, and fig. 2 a front view: A, is a pot or cauldron made of fire-clay, or other suitable heat-resisting material; b, c, is a tubular

metal mandril (shown in section in fig. 3,) carefully coated with baked clay, which is passed through the pot A from back to front, the back orifice through which it passes being closed in around it, but the front orifice, a, being left open, and the mandril being so supported by suitable bearings at the back end, that it passes through the front orifice, exactly in the centre and without touching the sides, leaving room for the glass to flow all around it. The mandril is made a little smaller in diameter than the bore or hollow of the tube intended to be made, and the space left between it and the periphery of the front orifice a, should be as nearly equal, as may be, to the thickness desired to be given to the tube. The mandril is made hollow, in order that a blast of air may be directed continually, if necessary, through it by machinery applied to the end marked, and situated at a convenient distance from the pot A, or by any other suitable means; dd is a tubular mould, consisting of two pieces connected by hinges, so that it can be readily opened or closed as required; f is a tubular rod, by means of which the pipe is drawn, which terminates at the inner end in an elongated cup, e, and has a disc raised upon or attached to it a little way behind the cup, which disc is of the diameter of the intended tube of glass. The pot, A. being supplied with a quantity of nearly fluid glass, an air-hydrogen jet is made to play upon the pot or upon its contents, either while in the pot or while issuing from it, so as to keep the same at any degree of temperature which may be required. The cup end e, of the long tubular rod, f, is then introduced into the orifice a, having been previously heated or prepared, so that molten glass will readily adhere to it. The rod is then drawn forward with a rotary motion, which can be easily given to it by hand, or by the other means bereafter described, which causes it to draw after it the heated glass into the mould, dd, which, as soon as it is filled is instantly closed, when the workman, by shutting a suitable valve, at the outer and open end, h, of the tubular rod f, causes the blast which is going on through the mandril, bc, suddenly to accumulate in the interior, and the glass thereby to assume the precise shape of the mould. The glass tube is then detached from the tubular rod f, and the mandril, bc, and taken to be annealed.

"For bent tubes a bent mould is required, and the operation of drawing is then best performed by hand; and by leaving an indentation, or indentations in the mould, requisite places may be obtained for applying the offsets or branches.

"For straight tubes, when drawn by machinery, any amount of rotary motion

required can be given to the iron tube, f, by simply having a portion of its exterior, ribbed obliquely, as shown in fig. 4, and by then drawing such portion through suitable couplets, the rod and couplets forming together a sort of male and female thread, running obliquely.

The

"When the glass tubes require to be of small dimensions they are made as follows. Two iron tubes are connected by passing within them a third tube or rod, as represented in fig. 5. The compound tube thus formed is then passed through an open ball mould from side to side, through orifices which serve as rests for the rods, and are afterwards closed in, as shown in the figure. The mould is next filled with molten glass in the usual mode followed in casting glass, and is opened as soon as the glass has somewhat cooled. The ball of glass is then taken out and the inner iron rod withdrawn. ball is next heated by the air-hydrogen jet, and after blowing and drawing it alternately for a number of times, with occasional heating (two workmen co-operating in the process) the work is completed by blowing in a tubular mould, the blast being given by a similar mechanical contrivance to that used for making the well-known moulded elliptical shades. Or a workman merely gathers a mass of heated glass upon the end of the tube, then rolls it in the usual way upon an iron plate, and after heating it by means of the air-hydrogen jet, a second workman assists in drawing out the tube by the aid of an iron rod, with a drop of melted glass at the end of it. The tube is then finished in a mould, the blast being given as in the last case, when much air is required.

"The modes I adopt for connecting the sundry lengths of glass pipes, so as to adapt them for the conveyance of water, or other fluids, are represented in figs. 7 to 16, (both inclusive) of the accompanying engravings. In fig. 7, a is a joint piece made of iron or brass, or any other suitable material for connecting two lengths of glass pipe, b and c, which piece is formed with a hollow enlargement in the central part of it for admitting the introduction of any useful cement, such as a mixture of resin, tallow, and silver sand, or of shell-lac and wax. The two ends of the pipes, b and c, are first warmed and coated with the cement. The joint piece, a, being also well coated with cement in its interior, is put on while still warm, and more cement poured in through the orifice, d, when it so surrounds the pipes b and c, near to, and for some distance from their points of junction, as to unite them on cooling, in a firm and substantial manner. Any running of the cement into the interior of the glass pipe is easily prevented, when the ends of the glass pipes are not quite true, by using a band of