to merit the name of "mercenaries," which is sometimes most illiberally and unjustly applied to them, we may rest assured, that while the serving an apprenticeship of seven years to a vulgar and low occupation gives a man greater rights and privileges than he can obtain by serving thirty years in the army; while this is the case we may be well assured that very few will cover the honour of venturing their lives in the service of their country; and that, though some respectable young men will still enter, in spite of every discouragement, the number will be comparatively very small. From an army such as we would propose there would be no danger at all to the political and civil liberties of the country, because we would, or at least I would, give the soldier his full share of those liberties, always taking care that the exercise of them should never clash with his military duties, and with this view almost every thing I would confer on him should be conferred after the expiration of his constant military service. Can any man give me a reason, why, of two brothers, one who has been hammering a lap-stone for seven years should thereby acquire a right to vote for a representative of his borough, while the other who has been serving in the army seven years, and who has ventured his life perhaps twenty times, acquires no right at all, but in reality loses this part of his birthright? Observe, too, that there is no law nor usage nor principle to prevent a man from voting for a member of parliament merely because such man is a soldier: if he has had the good fortune previously to have spent seven years of his life in making shoes or dressing hair he may vote notwithstanding he be a soldier; but if he has been a soldier from the moment he was able to carry a musket, he is totally and for ever excluded! I have selected this from amongst many of the disadvantages under which soldiers labour and which inust be removed if we mean to have an efficient, economical, a safe and durable military system. I know that there are great obstacles to overcome : the covetousness and envy of trade; the insolence of mercantile wealth; and the mere habit of clamouring against a standing army will of itself do much: men do not reason nor will they for a long time listen to reason upon a subject like this; but, I am fully convinced, that, unless reason does, as to this matter, prevail, and that speedily too, the independence of this country is of no long duration. The state of Europe is altered.

France has said that no nation which is not military shall remain free; and, that to be a military nation requires a regular army is most amply and awfully proved by the fate of those nations who have attempted to resist her by occasional and voluntary levies.-The importance which I attach to this subject must be my apology for having taken up with it so much of the reader's time; and also for prstponing to my nest several topics which demanded immediate attention.

IRISH FINANCE. This topic, however, I cannot entirely pass over in silencè, even for a few days. The new Irish Chancellor of the Exchequer has brought out his budget, imposing new taxes to the annual amount of twelve hundred thousand pounds. This is called a "strong measure," and it surely is; but, the taxes never will produce eight hun dred thousand pounds, though they include a tax upon bank notes, which is, in that happy country, a most flourishing branch of manufacture. It is truly curious to hear the language, in which the partisans of the mi nistry indulge upon this subject: "From "the report," says one of them, "of the "business in the House of Commons yesterday, our readers will observe, that a strong measure has been adopted with regard to Ireland. What opinion is en"tertained of the conduct of the late Irish "Chancellor of the Exchequer by the Irish

gentlemen themselves is obvious. Cer"fain it is, that the change in the govern "ment is no less beneficial to Ireland than "to this country; perhaps a great deal

more so. What must have been the con

sequence of a system of perpetual loans, "which rose to such a height that the "whole revenue of the country was almost "swallowed up in paying the interest of "the debt? What shall we say to the prac "tice of allowing enormous balances to re"main in the hands of collectors, by which "means immense sums were lost to a re

VOL. V. No. 26.]

[ Price 10D

993]

TO THE EDITOR. SIR,-The name of Mr. Justice Doddridge stands high in the estimation of the profession to which he was an honour. His But it single authority wants no support.

may not be equally known that he was hardly less eminent in general literaturė, than in the study of the law. He was peculiarly conversant with the history and antiquities of his own country.

Together

with Camden, Cotton, Lambird, Spelman, Stowe, and others of equal celebrity, he assisted at the meetings of the original Society of Antiquaries in the reign of Queen Elizabeth.Among other productions of his pen, is a short Essay on Parliaments, which has been printed in the last edition of Hearne's Antiquarian Discourses. And he there lays it down as the regular and established proceeding, that the King, "if he be

sick, is to send for twelve persens of the "House to see his person, and to satisfie the "House of the cause of his absence." The wisdom of such a practice, to prevent the possibility of the King in the hands of an ambitious and designing minister, ever becoming a mere name in the constitution, is sufficiently obvious. It is not, therefore, my purpose at present to illustrate and enforce it by any reasoning or comment. But I should be much obliged to any of your readers, who would have the goodness to point out the precedents and authorities from which Mr. Justice Doddridge drew his doctrine. For he was much too accurate and ingenuous a man to have hazarded such a passage, without being perfectly sure of the foundation on which he built; and the point itself is too important not to interest every sincere lover of our " free and yet "monarchical constitution."- -I am, Sir, your constant reader,-W. R.--Gray's Inn, June 26, 1804.

TO THE RIGHT HON. LORD CHATHAM.

MY LORD,-The greatest misfortune that can possibly happen a regiment, is to have the command of it indissolubly incorporated with a ministerial situation. When its colonel is liable to be removed by every change of government, no blame ought to be im

[994

puted to him, 'for not being interested in its welfare; but, my Lord, the regiment of arfillery lies under so many peculiar disadvan tages, that I am induced to submit them to your lordship's consideration, impressed with the idea, that some steps may be taken to remove them.---The advantages resulting to the army, by doing away the rank of captain lieutenant, the artillery are totally excluded from, I will readily allow, that such a material benefit could not be extended to the artillery, without effecting an entire change in the original formation of that regiment, but an equivalent ought to be substituted; and, I think, I can prove in a very satisfactory manner, and for one simple but cogent reason, that justice demands it. By adopting the present system of brigading artillery, it frequently happens, that a captain-lieutenant is sent out with the command of a brigade, and quartered in a garrison town, with precisely half their pay, his rank being the same, he must necessa rily support the same expense with captains of the line. His daily income is seven shillings, their pay and allowances amount to fourteen, or very near it, it is useless to make any comment, the situation he is thrown into from so great a disparity is obvious.

--There is another circumstance which I wish to direct your lordship's attention to, merely to show, that from the very nature of their service, the artillery labour under a disadvantage which is peculiar to that regiment. Officers of the line can get rank by raising a certain number of recruits, but as that would militate against the original sys tem of the artillery, I will make no observations on it. I trust your lordship will see, in a proper point of view, the statement I have submitted to your lordship's consideration, respecting the captain lieutenants, and will allow, that their claim for an addition to their pay is just and reasonable.——I am, my Lord, your lordship's most obedient humble servant,--MILES.

PUBLIC PAPERS.

Treaty of Peace between the Hon. the East-India Comp. and their Allies, on the one part, and Sakeb Schab Ragogee Bhounsla, on the other; sitled by M. Gen. Wellesley, on the part of the E. I. Comp. and their

Allies, and by Jeswumb Rao Ramchunder, on the part of Semah Saheb Subah Ragogee Bhounsla, who have each full authority from their respective Powers dated in the Camp at Deogun, Dec. 17, 1803.

I. That there shall be perpetual peace and friendship between the E. 1. C. and Senah Saheb Subah Ragogee Bhounsla, Rajah of Berar.—————II. Senah Saheb Sabah Ragogee Bhounsla cedes to the Comp. in perpetual sovereignty, the province of Cuttack, including the port and district of Balasore. III. He likewise cedes to the Comp. and their allies, in perpetual sovereignty, all the territories of which he has collected the revenues jointly with the Soubah of the Dekan, and those of which he may have possession, which are to the westward of the River Wurda.--IV. It is agreed that the frontier of Sanah Saheb Subah Ragogee Bhounsla towards the territories of his Highness the Soubah of the Dekan, shall be formed to the west by the River Wurda, from its issue from the Injardy Hills to its junction with the River Godavery.V. The hills on which the Forts of Nernallah and Gawalghur stand, are to remain in possession of Ragogee Bhounsla; and all places to the southward of those hills, and to the west of the westward of the River Wurda, to be given up to the B. Govt.--VI. Districts amounting to four lacks of rupees per ann. contiguous to and to the southward of the abovementioned forts, are to be given up to the Rajah, and to be given up at the same time as the forts. -VII. Senah Saheb Subah Ragogee Bhounsla, on the part of himself, his heirs and successors, entirely renounces all claims of every description on the territories of the B. Govt. ceded as above, and upon all the territories of the Soubah of the Dekan. VIII. The E. I. C. engages to mediate and arbitrate any disputes that now exist, or may hereafter exist, between the Comp.'s allies Seumder Jah Bahauder and Rao Pundit Purdham Ba hada, and the Rajah of Berar.-IX. Senah Saheb Subah Ragogee Bhounsla engages never to take or retain in his service any Frenchmen, or the subjects of any other European or American power that may be at war with the B. Govt. or any British subjects either European or Native, without the consent of the Comp.-X. The E. I. C. engage on their part, that they will not assist er countenance any discontented relations, Rajahs, Zemindars, or other subjects of the Senah Saheb Subah Ragogee Bhounsla, who may fly from, or rebel against his authority.--XI. In order to seeure and improve the relations of peace and friendship hereby established, the respective Govts. agree, that accredited ministers from each shall reside at the court of the other.-XII. And whereas certain treaties have been made by the B. Govt. with feudatories of Senah Saheb Subah Ragogee Bhounsla, it is hereby agreed, that the said treaties shall be confirmed. Lists of these treaties to be delivered over, when the treaty is ratified by the Goy. Gen. in Council.-XIII. The Senah Saheb Subah Ragogee Bhounsla hereby renounces for himself, his heirs and successors, all adherence to the confederacy formed by him and Dowlet Row Scindia, and other Mahratta chiefs, to attack the Comp. and their allies, and engages not to assist those chiefs, if the war between them and the Hon. Comp. should still continue.-XIV. This treaty of peace and amity to be ratified by Senah Saheb Subah, within eight days from the present time, and the ratification is to be delivered to M. G. Wellesley, at which time the or ders for the cession of the ceded territories are to

be delivered over, and the troops are to withdraw.XV. M. G. Wellesley engages that the treaty shall be ratified on the part of the Hon. Comp. by his Ex. the M. N. the Gov. Gen. in Council, and that the said ratification shall be delivered two months from this date.

Treaty of Peace and Amity between the Maharajah Ali Jah Ďorlut Rao Scindia, on one part, and the Hon. E. I. C. on the other part.-Dated Den 30, 1803.

1. That there shall be perpetual peace and friendship between the Hon. E. I. C. and their allies, on the one part, and Maharajah Ali Jah Dowlut Rao Scindia on the other part11, That Maharajah cedes to the Hon. E. J. C. and their allies, in perpetual sovereignty, all his forts, térritories, and rights, in the Dooab, and country situated between the Jumma and the Ganges, and all the forts, territories, rights, and interests, in the countries which are to the northward of the Rajahs of Jeypoor and Goodepoor, and of the Rajah of Gohud, such countries formerly in the possession of Maharajah, situated between Jeypoor and Joodepoor, and to the south of the former, are to belong to the Maharajab.III. The Maharajah likewise cedes to the Hon. B. 1.C. and their allics, in perpetual sovereignty, the Fort of Broach, and the territory depending thereon, and the Fort of Ahmednugger and territory depending thereon, excepting those lands which it is hereafter agreed that the Maharajah is to retain. IV. The Maharajah likewise cedes to the Hon. E. I. C. and their allies, all the territories which belonged to him, previous to the breaking out of the war, which are situated to the southward of the Adjuntee Hills, including the fort and districts of Jalnapoor, the town and district of Gandapoor, and all other districts between that range of hills and the River Godavery.-V. The Maharajah Ali Jah Dowlut Rao Scindia, for himself, his heirs and successors, hereby renounces all claims to the forts, territories, rights, and interests ceded by the foregoing articles, and all claims of every description upon the B. Govt. and their allies, the Soubah of the Dekan, the Peishwa and Anaud Row Guickwar.——VI. The Fort of Asser Ghur, the City of Berhampore, the Forts of Powanghur and Dohud, and the territories in Candeish and the Guzerat, depending on these forts, shall be restored to Maharajah Ali Jah Dowlut Rao Scindia.VII. Whereas the Maharajah Ali Jah Dowlut Rao Scindia has represented that his family have long held an Enaum as a gift from the King of Hindostan, the districts of Dhoolpoor, Baree, and Rajah Kerrah, which are situated to the northward of the countries of the Rajahs of Jeypoor and Joodepoor, and of the Rajah of Gohud, and that lands in Hindostan, ceded by the articles in this treaty to the Hon. E. I. C. and their allies, are held in Jacquin, by the family of the late Mahadgie Scindia, and others, who would suffer much distress if deprived of the advantages they enjoy in that country: it is agreed the Maharajar shall continue to hold in Enaum the lands of Dhoolpoor, Barce, and Rajah Kerrah, and that Balah Baye Sahel, and Munsoor Sahel Moonsha Ravel Nyne, Boogagee Jamdah Amragie, Jadhoo, and Wurda Charic, shall continue to hold their lands in Jaghir, under the protection of the Comp.; and further, in order that no individuals may incur loss, or even suffer distress in consequence of these arrangements, it is agreed that the Hon. E. I. C. shall either pay pensions or grant lands in Jaghir, according to

tion, as well in its internal as its foreign conceras. For this I entirely trust in the powerful support of" the Most High. He will put into the hearts of his servants the wish to assist me by every means in their power. By their wise instruction's they will enlighten the People, and instil into them á love for their duties, obedience to the Laws, and every Christian and Civil virtue. They will obtam, by their prayers, the blessing of Heaven on the Nation and the Chief Magistrate of the State. I send to you, therefore, this Letter, that, immediately after the receipt of it, you may cause Te Deum and Veni Creator to be sung in all the Churches of your Diocese, and that you may invite all the Authorities which usually attend such solemnities to. be present in the Churches. You will also give orders for the Senatus Consultum, of the 28th of Floreal last, to be read in all the Churches of your Diocese. In the full conviction that you will, by your example, excite the Inhabitants of your Diocese to zealand piety, I pray God to have you in his holy keeping.-NAPOLEON.

Letter from his Eminence the Cardinal de Caprara, legate à latere, addressed on the 9th of June, 1804, to the French Bishops.

MY LORD-Napoleon Buonaparte having been appointed Emperor of the French, you are for the future to make use of the following form of prayer: O'Lord, preserve our Emperor Napoleon,' instead of that which was ordained by the 8th article of the Concordat, passed between the Holy Apostolic Chair and the Government of France. After this form, the following prayer may be recited, as it has been already used in the Imperial Chapel: O God, the protector of all kingdoms, and especially of the French Empire, grant into the servant Napoleon, our Emperor, that he may know and further the wonders of thy power, to the end that he whom thou hast appointed our Sovereign, may be always powerful, through thy grace.'--Which I accordingly notify to your Greatness, declaring myself, at the same time, your Greatness's true servant,— T. B CARD. CAPRARA.

MY LORD,It is highly gratifying to me to have the honour of informing your lordship, that the Colony of Surinam has surrendered to his M. arins; and I have the farther satisfaction to acquaint your lordship, that this valuable acqui ition to the British dominions has been made with very little loss on the part of his M. troops. In my dispatches from Barbadoes of the 2d of April, I had the honour to report to your L. that the ar rangements, for proceeding on the expedition against Surinam being nearly completed, I had reason to expecwe should be enabled to sai! from Barbadoes in the course of three or four days; and Commodore Hood having previously signified to me that every hing in the naval department was ready, I directed the final embarkation of the troops, stores, &c. on the 6th of the same month. The following day the whole fleet weighed anchor and sailed. On the 25th his M. ship Centaur, having the Commodore's broad pendant, and on board of which I was embarked, came to anchor

about ten miles off the mouth of the River Surinam: and during that and the next day the greater part of the fleet also anchored. On the 26th a corps, consisting of the flank companies of the 16th 2nd 64th reg, the rifle company of the zď battalion both re, made up ky detachments from the battalion companies of the 16th, 64th and 6th W. I. res., to about too men, and the 1st brigade" of R. artillery, besides armed seamen, was detached in different vessels under convoy of his M. ship Hippomenes, Capt. Sh pley. This corps was com manded by B.-Gen, Maitland, who was diverted ro effect a landing at Warappa Creek, about ten leagues to the eastward of the Surinam River, where the enemy occupied a post. The object of this operation was to obtain a water communication with the Con mewyne River to procure plantation boats in sufficient number to transport the troops down that river towards its junction with the Surinam, and thereby facilitate our approach to take a position in the rear of Fort New Amé sterdam; and also with a view to cut off a considerable detachment of the enemy stationed at Fort Brandwacht on the Mud Creek.-On the same day preparations were made for landing a body of troops to take possession of Bram's Point, where there is a battery of seven eighteen pounders, which defends the entrance of the river Surinam. B-Gen: Hughes undertook to superintend this ser. vice; the wind proving favourable his Majesty's ships Emerald, Pandour, having the 64th regiment on board, and Drake brig of war, got under weigh to attack the battery, when a fire was opened on the ships, which, however, was soon silenced by a few broadsides, and the enemy struck their colours. A detachment of troops under B.-General Hughes immediately landed and took possession of Bram's Point, making prisoners a capt. and 44 men. The entrance being thus secured, the Commodore made signal for the ships to go into the ri ver as soon as possible; in the course of that and the following day the most considerable part of the fleet anchored in the river. Atthis period the Commodore shifted his pendant to the Emerald, and I accompanied him on board that ship. We ,then judged it expedient to send a summons to the Gov. of Surinam, with proposals for the surrender of the Colony.-Capt. Maxwell of the R. Navy, and Capt. Drummond of the 6th reg. (acting as my Aide-de-Camp) proceeded up the river with a flag of truce; and, having delivered our summons to the Gov., returned in the night with in. formation that an answer would be sent next morning. On the 28th we received the Gov.'s answer, conveying a refusal to capitulate—[Copies of our summons, with the proposed terms, and the answer thereto, are herewith transmitted.]-It was determined that we should lose no time in endeavouring to make some impression on the enemy's posts; but I must here beg leave to observe to your L., that the Coast of Surinam is of very difficult approach, shallow and full of banks; that a landing is only to be attempted at the top of the tide, and at particular points; the coast is uncleared, and from wood and the marshy nature of the soil, it is impossible to penetrate into the interior, except by the rivers and the creeks. The shores en both sides of the River Surinam are equally difficult of access, for the same causes, until you reach the battery Friderici, with the excep tion of one spot on the Eastern shore, where a plantation, called Resolution, has been lately established. Our points of attack were therefore contined; and the enemy, by means of their forts,