ART. VIII.-Sismondi's Julia Severa.
Julia Sévéra, ou l'an quatre cent quatre vingt douze. Par
J. C. L. Simonde de Sismondi.

163 Art. IX.-Europe, by a citizen of the United States. Europe : or a general survey of the present situation of the

principal powers; with conjectures on their future pros-
pects. By a citizen of the United States.

177 Akt. X. - Bracebridge Hall. Bracebridge Hall, or the Humorists; a Medley. By Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.

204 ART. XI.-Schoolcraft's Journal. 1. Narrative Journal of Travels through the northwestern

regions of the United States, extending from Detroit
through the great chain of American lakes, to the sources
of the Mississippi river; performed as a member of the
expedition under Governor Cass, in the year 1820, by

Henry R. Schoolcraft.
2. A Memoir on the geological position of a Fossil Tree,

discovered in the secondary rocks of the river Des
Plaines. By Henry R. Schoolcraft.

224
Art. XII.--The Spy:
The Spy; a tale of the neutral ground. By the author of
Precaution.'

250 Quarterly List of New Publications.

285

CONTENTS OF VOL. VI. NO. II.

NEW SERIES.

Art. XIII.-Godwin on Malthus.
An inquiry concerning the power of Increase in the num-

bers of Mankind; being an answer to Mr Malthus’s Es-
say on that subject. By William Godwin.

289 Art. XIV.- Anecdotes of Morellet and his contemporaries. Memoires de l'abbé Nior let. de l'Academie Française, sur le 18e siècle et sur la revolution, &c.

319 Art. XV.-A Pedestrian Tour. A pedestrian tour of two thousand three hundred miles in

North America, to the Lakes, the Canadas, and the New
England States. Performed in the Autumn of 1821 ;
embellished with views. By P. Stansbury.

340 Art. XVI.--Arden's translation of the Tristia. A translation of the first book of Ovid's Tristia, in heroic

English verse, with the original text. By Francis Arden,
Counsellor at Law.

348 ART. XVII.—Simond's Switzerland. Switzerland ; or a journal of a tour and residence in that

country, in the years 1817, 1818, and 1819; followed
by an historical sketch on the manners and customs of
ancient and modern Helvetia, in which the events of our
own time are fully detailed, together with the causes to
which they may be referred. By L. Simond.

352 Art. XVIII-Examination of the Russian Claims. Message from the President of the United States, trans

mitting the information required by a resolution of the
House of Representatives of the 16th of February last,
in relation to Claims set up by Foreign Governments,
to Territory of the United States upon the Pacific

Ocean, north if the forty-second degree of latitude, &c. 370
ART. XIX.-Hastings on musical taste.
Dissertation on Musical Taste, or General Principles of

Taste, applied to the Art of Music. By Thomas Has-
tings.

402

ART. XX.-Johnson's Life of Greene.
Sketches of the Life and Correspondence of Nathan-
iel Greene, Major-General of the Armies of the United

States in the War of the Revolution, compiled chiefly
from original materials. By William Johnson, of Char-
leston, South Carolina, in two volumes 4to.

416 ART. XXI.-Ecclesiastical Establishments. Remarks on the Consumption of the Public Wealth, by

the Clergy of every Christian Nation, and particularly
by the established Church in England and Wales, and
in Ireland ; with a plan for altering its Revenues, sub-
ject to existing interests; whereby the Episcopal body
would be provided for, on a scale to make them the rich-
est Episcopal body in the world; the working Clergy of
the establishment would be much better provided for
than at present; the working Clergy of all other de
nominations would be equally provided for with those
of the establishment; and both on a scale to make them
the richest working Clergy in the world ; and upwards
of £100,000,000 obtained to extinguish so much of the
national debt, and relieve the nation froin four millions
of annual iaxes.

432 Art. XXII.-Anecdotes of the American Revolution. Anecdotes of the Revolutionary War in America, with

Sketches of Character of persons the most distin-
guished, in the Southern States, for civil and military
services By Alexander Garden, of Lee's Partisan Le-
gion ; Aid-de-Camp to Major General Greene: and

honorary member of the Historical Society of N. York. 455 Art. XXIII.-The Text of the New Testament. 'H xalvign Ardbørn. Novum Testamentum Græce, ex recen

sione Jo. Jac. Griesbachii, cum selecta lectionem varie-
tate.

460 List of New Publications.

487 Index.

491

NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW.

No. XXXVI.

NEW SERIES, No. XI.

JULY 1822.

Art. 1.-1. Essai sur Jean Jacques Rousseau par Bernardin

de St Pierre. Paris, 1818. 2. Histoire de la vie et des ouvrages de J. J. Rousseau par

V. D. Musset Pathay. 2 Vols. 8vo. Paris, 1821.

NOTWITHSTANDING the length of time which has elapsed since the death of Rousseau and the strong interest which has always been felt in his person and character, there is yet no good biography of bim in any language. His Confessions supply the deficiency for the greater part of his life; but like the charming memoirs of himself by Franklin they break off before its close, and leave of course some of the most interesting scenes wholly undescribed. The fulness of this recital, as far as it goes, is probably however one of the principal reasons why no supplementary work has yet been attempted by a writer of competent ability. The second of the publications, whose titles are prefixed to this article, is a laborious and well meant effort, made by an enthusiastic admirer of Rousseau, to complete his history and to vindicate his character and principles, from all the charges that have been made against them. This second object is so plainly injudicious, that it betrays at once a want of power and philosophy in the mind of the biographer. The intelligent friends of Rousseau are the first to admit that his errors of theory and practice

New Series, No. 11. 1

were numerous and considerable. There is also an entire absence of literary talent in the execution of the work, and it has no other merit than that of bringing together from various quarters all the facts that are known respecting the life of the famous Genevan, and of rendering more accessible several detached accounts, which had previously appeared of particular passages in his history.

The Essay of Bernardin de St Pierre is of a different description, as may be supposed from the name of the writer. It has the attraction of style, which uniformly marks his productions, and the interest which necessarily attends the observations of one deep and powerful thinker upon the character of another. It is however only an unfinished fragment of less than a hundred pages, which the author did not complete, and which has lately appeared with some other unpublished writings in the edition of his works which we noticed in a former number. One or two passages contained in it were inserted by the author in the Studies of Nature. We

propose to lay before our readers several extracts from this interesting little sketch, and shall afterwards add a few others from the materials collected by the new biographer.

The acquaintance of Rousseau and Bernardin de St Pierre commenced in the following manner. The latter was returning home in the year 1771 from the Isle of France after his long and unsuccessful chase in pursuit of fortune; and touched in his way at the Cape of Good Hope, where he was detained for some time. In a letter from this place he dwells in strong language upon the pleasure, which he promised himself from his return of enjoying two summers in the same year—the month of January when he wrote being the time of vintage at the Cape and corresponding with that of August in France. The person to whom this letter was sent communicated it to Rousseau, who immediately expressed a desire to become acquainted with the writer. Upon his arrival at Paris, St Pierre was accordingly introduced to the eccentric philosopher. The latter received him with great cordiality, and said that he should always esteem a man, whose mind, on returning from the land of fortune, was occupied with the expectation of enjoying two summers in one year. Such was the beginning of their acquaintance, which grew into a lasting and intimate friendship. These facts are related by the biographer of St Pierre. His own narrative