the visitor from the clouds had the field to itself. The letters of Morse's telegraphic alphabet which this natural lightning seemed to be most partial to were L and T, but occasionally it went at the numerals, and dashed off l's, 50's, 55's, 500's, and 5000's, in its own rapid style. We learn that when two or more thunder clouds get in the same vicinity, and discharge their electricity at each other, or receive the fluid from the earth and return it again, or when ground lightning prevails, the effect on the telegraph wires is to produce a strange and original language, which may yet be made intelligible. In fact, each kind of lightning speaks for itself, and writes what it says."

Dr. Payerne's Bell-ship (bateau-cloche.) -Dr. Payerne, whose remarkable subaqueous experiments at the Polytechnic Institution, a couple of years or so back, may be in the recollection of our readers, gave the other day a satisfactory demonstration on the Seine, at Paris, of the perfect practicability of navigating under water. He is stated to have passed in an iron boat with eleven persons on board from the Pont Royal to Pont Concorde, under water all the time, and, of course, invisible to the public.

Dr. Potts's Atmospheric System of Piledriving. We are glad to observe that this very philosophical invention, first described in Mech. Mag. for June 29, 1843, is beginning at length to attract the attention which it deserves. The corporation of the Trinity House have purchased a licence for the use of the invention, and are making arrangements for erecting on the Goodwin Sands, on a foundation formed by the patent process, an iron beacon 60 feet high. A preliminary trial lately made on these Sands furnished the following results :-An ordinary monkey, weighing 1 cwt., and having a fall of 10 feet, could not drive down a 3-inch iron bar more than 13 feet, nor more than 1 inch with 46 blows; while, by the atmospheric apparatus of Dr. Potts, a tube of 30 ins. diameter was sunk 33 feet in 6 hours!

The Newcastle Agricultural Meeting.Among the prizes adjudged this week for agricultural implements, we observe the following:-157. for the best drill for general purposes-Mr. Hornsby, of Grantham; 57. for the best churn-Mr. Robinson, of Lisburn, (described in Mech. Mag., vol. 41, p. 97); 51. for cleansing apparatus for roots -Mr. Robinson, Lisburn, (described in Mech. Mag., vol. 42, p. 354.)

Steamboat Luxury.-We extract the following notice of a new American steamer, called the Saratoga, from the Cleveland Herald. We note, as worth noting, the accommodation provided in this vessel for gentlemen of the press, but without wishing to see the plan imitated on this side of the

Atlantic. We desire to see all due honour paid to the members of our "fourth estate,' but not to see them boxed off like a lot of kangaroos:-"The lines of the Saratoga are extremely graceful, and give appearance both of strength and speed. Her engine is of high pressure, and so arranged that the exhausted steam finds its way through the smoke pipe, thus doing away, in a great measure, with the unpleasant noise usually occasioned by engines constructed on the high pressure principle. Her steerage cabins are roomy and comfortable, but the 'crowning glory' of the Saratoga is the beauty of proportion, tastefulness, and fine keeping of the decorations and furniture of her upper cabins. The entire length of the ladies' and gentlemen's cabin combined is 175 feet, and no expense has been spared to gratify taste and ensure comfort. The state-rooms, on either side, are of ample dimensions, luxuriously furnished, and as large as the ordinary chambers in hotels, some of them boasting of French bedsteads instead of the old-fashioned bunks. The press, we observe, has not been overlooked in the arrangements of this vessel, a large and splendidly furnished state-room having been set apart exclusively for editors, a circumstance which speaks volumes in favour of the liberality and discrimination of her spirited

owners.

* * The shipwrights, Messrs. Sanford and Moses, have spared nothing of iron and oak to give durability. She stands up admirably in the water, and has no superior as a sea boat. Length over all 206 feet, depth of hold 11 feet 10 inches, and 29 feet beam. She has capacity for carrying 2500 barrels freight below deck, and her passenger accommodations are of the very first order. There are two large steerage cabins, and several large family state-rooms.

Also

a ladies' cabin on the main deck, with 12 commodious state-rooms, nursery, and bathroom. On the upper deck are four beautifully-furnished rooms, with folding-doors, luxuriously furnished with French and sofa bedsteads, just the thing for social travelling parties. But the main saloon is the crowning of the Saratoga. It is 170 feet in length, and divided by folding-doors into ladies' and gentlemen's saloons. There are 12 staterooms in the former and 40 in the latter, all furnished with new mattresses and linen. The furniture of the saloon is rosewood and mahogany, rich and modern styles, and in fine keeping with the palace it adorns."

The Atlantic and Pacific Canal. - A commission of engineers despatched by the French Government to take the requisite surveys for the projected canal across the Isthmus of Panama, which is to join the two oceans, are stated in accounts from thence to have successfully accomplished their mis

sion. The preferable point for the end of the canal on the Pacific side was selected at Vaca de Monte, a few miles west of the city of Panama, in the valley of the Caimito. On the Atlantic side, the Bay of Leinon was fixed upon as affording superior convenience for shipping to the port of Chagres. The total cost of construction of the canal was estimated at 125,000,000 francs, or say five million sterling. The total length would be 76 kilometers. There would be the necessity for cutting an "immense tunnel," which, for shipping, must form an important portion of the estimated expense. The depth of the canal was to be about seven yards, the width of the bottom twenty yards, and on the surface forty-five.

Bain's Electric Clock.-The publicis aware of Mr. Bain's invention of the electric clock, which derives its motive power from currents of electricity in the earth. Mr. Bain has invented and patented another kind of electric clock, which we had lately the pleasure of examining when it was exhibited here by the inventor to a few scientific gentlemen,-the clock being in Glasgow, and the pendulum in Edinburgh! By means of the electric telegraph along the railway constructed by Mr. Bain, he intimated his wish that the pendulum at the other end of the line should be put in motion. The answer was given with the rapidity of thought; for the machinery in the clock instantly began to move. To be more particular: the clock was placed in the station-house, in Glasgow-the pendalam belonging to it in the station-house at Edinburgh-the two being 46 miles apart. They were joined by means of the wire of the telegraph, in such a manner as that, by a current of electricity, the machinery in the clock in Glasgow was made to move correctly according to the vibrations of the electrical pendulum in Edinburgh. Thus, in like manner, Mr. Bain informed us, were England and Scotland united in one grand chronometrical alliance, a single electrical pendulum of this description placed in the Observatory at Greenwich, would give the astronomical time correctly throughout the whole country.-Scotch Reformers' Gazette. Immense Fiery Meteor. The Bristol Mirror contains the following notice "from a Lover of Astronomy at Burnham an immense fiery meteor, which lately made its appearance in the heavens. No date is given an omission which ought to be supplied:-" During the late intense heat our earth has been visited either by a comet, or by a fiery meteor of an immense size. Being visible only very early in the morning, and that but for a very short period of time, bat few individuals were favoured with a sight of it. In size, this remarkable phenomenon represented a small orange; in appear

of

69

ance, it was the colour of bright red fire, or iron intensely heated, and by its powerful blaze the firmament of heaven was most beautifully illuminated to an immense distance. It arose in the eastern horizon a little before the sun, about three o'clock in the morning, and, had not its light been diminished by the approach of the sun, the appearance of it in the darkness of the night would have been splendid beyond description. Its presence with us was but of short duration. Traversing the heavens from east to west at a most rapid rate, it soon disappeared, perhaps never to visit us again."

Iron Furnaces.-The best constructed furnaces in South Wales, are those at the Abersychan Iron Works; in Staffordshire, those built by Mr. Gibbon, at Corbyn's Hall, claims pre-eminence; and in Scotland, the furnaces at Dundyvan may be considered the most complete. Mr. Gibbon's furnaces are of the best construction at present adopted; but even these are far from having attained the limit to which an improvement in construction might be carried. By a different mode of construction, the furnaces at present in blast in the United Kingdom would readily afford an increased yield and superior quality of iron, amounting to 50 per cent. upon the quantity at present manufactured. The greatest yield of pig-iron, when the size of the furnace is taken into consideration, has been obtained at the Parkend furnace, where 140 tons of forge pigs have, I believe, been produced from a furnace containing 3,400 cubic feet of materials in a single week. This great result is, however, solely to be attributed to the surpassing richness and fusibility of the iron ore, peculiar to the Forest of Dean, in which this furnace is situated. The best constructed forge and mill is the new one at Cyfarthfa, belonging to Messrs. Crawshay. The best form of constructing hot blast pipes is, I believe, my own-viz.: a spiral tube of cast-iron; each thread of revolution of which is composed of two very flat elliptical segments of piping, 15 to 20 inches inside measure in width, by 3 to 4 inches in depth. The spiral tube thus formed, by jointing together these segments, to consist of as many revolutions as may be deemed sufficient; the more in number, of course, the greater will be the heating surface, and the less will be the amount of fuel required to heat the air. The complete tube to be enclosed by a cylinder of brick-work, heated like a common flue; the cold air to enter at the upper and cooler extremity of the tube, and, after descending along the heated spiral, to make its exit at the lower extremity, where the heat will be at a maximum. Hot-blast pipes thus constructed, and protected by brick-work, will

last for an indefinite length of time; they will, likewise, admit of a maximum amount of heating surface, and facility of heating the air-whilst a minimum amount of fuel will be required to heat that air. Less friction will, likewise, be found to take place with such pipes than occurs in pipes constructed by the ordinary methods; whilst a temperature of 1000° may be given to the air, with less danger to the safety and endurance of the pipes, than is at present incurred by them in obtaining a temperature of 500 to 600°. There is, however, no necessity for employing so expensive a material as cast-iron in the construction of hotblast stoves; and I have long contemplated the adoption of a species of cement, which I have tested, to form an imperishable tubing, capable of withstanding a heat which would speedily melt cast-iron pipes. Mr. R. MUSHET-Mining Journal.

LIST OF ENGLISH PATENTS GRANTED BE

TWEEN JULY 8, AND JULY 15, 1846. Robert Beart, of Godmanchester, Huntingdon, farmer. for improvements in tilling land. July 10; six months.

William Middlemore, of Birmingham, manufacturer, for a certain improvement, or certain improvements in saddles. July 13; six months.

William Seed, of Preston, Lancaster, machine maker, for certain improvements in machinery, or apparatus, for preparing, slubbing, and roving cotton, and other fibrous substances. July 14; six months.

George Knight, of Southampton, wine-merchant, for certain improvements in excavating and dredging; also in the formation of permanent and temporary harbours, canals, bridges, docks, and other similar works, and in the apparatus to be employed therein. July 14; six months.

Odert Gripenberg, of Finland, Russia, for improvements in machinery for sowing grain and other seed. July 14; six months.

William Watson Pattinson, of Felling, near Gateshead, Durham, manufacturing chemist, for improvements in the manufacture of chlorine. July 14; six months.

Charles Frederick Bielefeld, of Wellingtonstreet, Strand, papier maché manufacturer, for improvements in the making of moulds or dies used in the manufacture of papier maché, and other matters, and in m uiding or forming articles from certain plastic materials. July 14; six months.

Gustaf Victor Gustafsson, late of Sweden, but now of Warren-street, Fitzroy-square, engineer, for certain improvements in steam engines. July 14; six months.

Lawrence Hill, Jun., of Glasgow, civil and mechanical engineer, for improvements in the manufacture of iron for building ships and boats, and other vessels; and in the construction of ships, and boats, and other vessels; and in instruments, machinery, and apparatus to be used in the said construction, being a communication. July 14; six months.

Sir Samuel Brown, Knight of the Hanoverian Guelphic Order, and Capt-in in our Navy, of Blackheath, for improvements in railways and carriages to run on railways, and in the constructing and arming ships or vessels. July 14; six months.

David Yoolow Stewart, of Montrose, Scotland, for improvements in moulding iron and brass. July 14; six months.

Thomas Symes Prideaux, of Southampton, gentleman, for improvements in machinery for excavating. July 15; six months.

William Thomas, of Cheapside, London, merchant, for certain improvements in frames, locks, and fastenings for carpet-bags and purses, parts of said improvements being applicable to all other locks. July 15; two months.

Thomas Bonser, of Merton, Surrey, and Edwin Walker Williams Wynn Pettitt, of York road, Lambeth, civil engineer, for certain improvements in machinery for tilling land. July 15; six months.

NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.

R. J. B.-The tone of his strictures is, we think, quite uncalled for; if he will free them from what is objectionable in this respect, we shall willingly insert them.

The patent of W. H. Gratrix was dated October 10, 1845.

The patent of G. F. Warrington was never specified, and is of course extinct.

Death of a Patentee before specifying.-The question put by Executor" is one of great difficulty. The provision in every patent is, that the inventor himself shall specify-not a word, as in other parts of the instrument, of "executors, administrators, or assigns." If the deceased has left any statement in writing of his invention, the executor may enrol that, and take the chance of its sufficiency being impugned; but if not, how can "Executor " take upon himself to say what were the plans and views of the deceased? We are not aware of there being any legal decision as to an executor's competency to specify. We rather fancy the point has never been raised before; for it has become a sort of proverb that people don't die who have specifications to enrol-a curious observation not unworthy the attention of life insurers and writers on probabilities.

J. S.-Declined.

Communications received from Amateur - Mr. Pasley-J. M'G. (from whom we shall be glad to hear on the "system" referred to in his private note) -Americanus-3 A 3-F. C. E.-A Learner-De

metrius.

Advertisements.

Teeth Preserved and Pain
Removed.

HERR VON HELM'S ALMA ANODINA is a certain remedy for toothach, having cured some thousands throughout Holland, France, and Germany. This invaluable preparation has been submitted in England to Dr. C. M. Clark, Bart., M.D., Sir M. Tierney, Bart., M.D., Dr. Chambers, Dr. Paris, and the late Dr. Jas. Johnson, and many other eminent members ofthefa ully, and been pronounced by them as a great modern discovery, and they have expressed their astonishment at its powerful and be neficial effects on the gums, and its antiseptic qualities in whitening and preserving the teeth, and strenuously recommend its application to ali affected with the toothach. Price 2s. 6d. and 5s. per packet. Each packet also contains an enamel stopping, for decayed teeth, which can be applied by the patient, and becomes as hard as the other teeth immediately atter use, rendering them again fit for mastication. (This stopping is now used by tre most eminent dentists.) Residents in the country, remitting a post-otice order for 28. 8d. or 58. to Herr Von Helin, Surgeon-Dentist, 39 A, Wigmore street, Cavendish-square, will receive a packet with direetions by return of post. Herr Von Helm can be consulted, at his residence as above, daily, from 10 to 5, on his new method of applying artificial teeth, from one to a complete set, by a system of self-adhesion, avoiding the use of springs, improving articulation, and fully restoring the power of mastication, which is so important to health.-Herr Von Helm, Surgeon-Dentist to the King of the Netherlands, 39 A, Wigmore-street, Cavendish-square,

Patent Flexible Velvet Hats. JOHNSON and Co., 113, Regent-street, corner of Vigo-street, Hatters to the Queen and Royal Family, inventors and patentees. From the construction of the Patent Flexible Hats the unpleasant pressure on the forehead is entirely removed, and by their extreme elasticity they are capable of accommodating themselves perfectly to the shape of the head. The crown, moreover, being ventilated, and the perspiration prevented from appearing on the outside of the hat, are additional advantages. As ladies' riding hats they are light and elastic, and will retain their position on the head without the least discomfort.-Johnston and Co., 113, Regent-street, and Griffith and Johnson, 2, Old Bond-street.

Lithography, Colour Printing. W SMART and Co., artists and printers, of 10, Leather-lane, Holborn, after 15 years' extensive experience, call attention with confidence to the very superior advantages they have for colour printing, and all other branches of the art, having large premises, and a permanent staff of efficient plan draughtsmen, artists, and printers, the most accurate and expeditious machinery for registering and printing (invented by W. Smart,) offering peculiar facilities to produce all work in the best style with despatch and economy. Landscapes, architectural and engineering drawings, railroad and auctioneer's plans; scrip plates to prevent forgery; transfers made from copper equal to copper; stone and zink plates lent, and every requisite supplied. Thousands of circulars in a few hours. Printing for the trade.

To Connoisseurs in Shaving. THE FLEXIBLE RAZOR STROP.-Registered February 28, 1846.-In introducing this novel and unique strop to the notice of the public, the inventors beg leave to call attention to the peculiarity of its construction, for by a simple yet ingenious mechanical contrivance, i. e., by the application of the principle of the lever, the strop is not only rendered flexible, but its flexibility can always be maintained to the extent desired, simply by turning the handle of the spindle to the right hand or to the left, according as it is intended to tighten or relax Thus is a desideratum, the want of which has long been felt, as the great variety of strops bear witness, at last obtained: for the flexibility of the strop, allowing it to yield in proportion to the degree of pressure imparted, its surface will be preserved from indentation, and its action upon the edge of the razor will be always uniform,-a quality so indispensable in a strop, in order to produce that evenness of edge which is essential to ease and comfort in shaving. To be obtained wholesale and retail, at the usual houses in town or country, and of the inventors and manufacturers, T. and G. BARNES, 26, Goswell-street, St. Luke's, Middlesex.

the strop.

Diamond Dust, direct from the Mines.

GENUINE DIAMOND DUST, for giving in

stantaneously the keenest edge to the bluntest razor or knife, is now regularly imported direct from the mines of Golconda, the Brazils, and the Uralian Mountains, and may be had at the wholesale depôt, 1, Angel-court, Strand, London, in rosewood boxes (with instructions), at 1s., 2s. 6d., 5s., and 10s. 6d. each; and of the various agents throughout the world. Diamond Dust, it is well known, has been used for many years amongst the Nobles of the Russian Court, as an indispensable adjunct to the comiort of their toilets. His late Majesty George IV. and His Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex were well acquainted with the peculiar properties and application of the Diamond Dust, having used

Patent Vulcanized India
Rubber.

CHARLES MACINTOSH and Co. beg to inform

the Public that they are the Patentees and sole Manufacturers of the above substance. The distinguishing properties of the Patent Vulcanized India Rubber are, its uniform elasticity in various temperatures; its not becoming hard on exposure to extreme cold, nor liable to injury from contact with heat. Its strength is greater than that of native caoutchouc; it is indissoluble in essential oils; it resists the effects of oil and grease in different degrees, according to the purposes for which it is manufactured. Among the various useful applications of the Patent Vulcanized India Rubber, may be enumerated-Washers or Rings for joints in steam and water-pipes, and for valves for steam-engines; by which labour is economised, and the joints more effectually made than by any other mode. Elastic bands for holding together bundles of letters, papers, &c. In articles of dress, springs for waistcoat-backs and trousers, straps for trousers, brace ends, garters, &c. In calico printing, the substitute for blanket has been found to produce a much finer impression than the woollen hitherto used, and with considerably less pressure; hence a saving in power and wear of lapping. Covers for furnishing rollers in lieu of flannel, are perfect for their purpose; and, as the India rubber does not absorb moisture, they can be easily cleansed, and no colour need be wasted. Flexible hose for fire-engines, brewers' purposes, gas, &c.; springs for railway and other vans and carriages, and for buffers and drags; corrugated felt for placing between the rails and the chairs on the sleepers, to take off the ultimate concussion, and to prevent in wooden continuous sleepers the embedding of the rails, &c.-Cambridge-street, Chorlton-upon-Medlock, Manchester, April 1846.

Important to Engineers, MANUFACTURERS, RAILWAY and STEAM

COMPANIES. Messrs. W. and C. MATHER beg to call the attention of the above Parties to their

IMPROVED ELASTIC METALLIC PISTONS, "for which a patent has been granted, although opposed unsuccessfully by Mr. Goodfellow (the patentee of a metallic Piston taken out in the year 1838). The Solicitor-General conceived it to be a New and important invention worthy of Letters Patent."

The Principle Feature and Advantage of this improvement is

1. Its great Elasticity and Self-Adjusting Properties, which enable it to yield to any inaccuracy of the cylinder, whether oval or taper, and to move with the least possible friction.

2. Its extreme Simplicity and Lightness, consisting of only two pieces of metal, having the vertical and lateral pressure in due and proper proportion, independent of each other.

3. It takes the least possible Space, and is well adapted for air and water-pumps, as it allows of a larger water way.

Messrs. W. and C. MATHER feel confident that it is the best Elastic Metallic Packing yet known, for the above reasons.

Models may be seen at the Salford Iron-Works, Manchester; at W. Barker's, engineer, NewtonMoor; and also at J. Mather's, engineer, Beaufortstreet, Chelsea, London.

Dr. Robert Culverwell's Guide

to Health and Long Life.

Addressed chiefly to Young People.-New Edition, with Additions, price 1s.; by post, Is. 6d.

WHA

HAT TO EAT, DRINK, and AVOID. Medical Table Talk. On the errors and extravagancies of human life,-such as intemperate feeding and drinking, snutting, smoking, precocious and overstrained indulgences, mental and bodily excesses, late hours, morbid excitement, and other outrages exhaustive to the animal economy: also, per contra, the value of careful living, fresh air, early rising, and out-door exercise, salutary occu pation, and good mental government, whereby the most shattered constitution may be restored to health, and life preserved to the latest period allotted

to man.

By R. J. CULVERWELL, M.D., M.R.C.S., L.A.C., &c. Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row; Carvalho, 147, Fleet-street, London.

Coffee as in France.

IT is a fact beyond dispute, that in order to obtain really fine Coffee, there must be a combination of the various kinds; and to produce strength and flavour, certain proportions should be mixed, according to their different properties: thus it is we have become celebrated for our delicious Coffee at 1s. 8d., which is the astonishment and delight of all who have tasted it, being the produce of four countries, selected and mixed by rule peculiar to our establishment, in proportions not known to any

other house.

From experiments we have made on the various kinds of Coffee, we have arrived at the fact, that no one kind possesses strength and flavour. If we select a very strong Coffee, it is wanting in flavour; by the same rule, we find the finest and most flavorous Coffees are generally wanting in strength; and as they are usually sold each kind separately, quite regardless of their various properties, the consumer is not able to obtain really fine Coffee at any price. There is also another peculiar advantage we possess over other houses,-our roasting apparatus being constructed on decided scientific principles, whereby the strong aromatic flavour of the Coffee is preserved, which in the ordinary process of roasting, is entirely destroyed; and, as we are Coffee roasters, we are enabled to keep a full supply of fresh roasted Coffee continually after the Parisian and Continental method.

The rapid and still increasing demand for this Coffee has caused great excitement in the trade; and several unprincipled houses have copied our papers, and proless to sell a similar article. We, therefore, think it right to CAUTION the public, and to state that our superior mixture of four countries is a discovery of our own, and therefore the proportions are not known, nor can it be had at any other house, and that in future we shall distinguish it from all others as SPARROW'S

1s. 8d. per lb.

CONTINENTAL COFFEE, at

Packed in tins of all sizes, perfectly air-tight, for the country.

We have also strong and useful Coffees, from 1s. to 1s. 4d.

Tea Establishment, 95, High Holborn, adjoining Day and Martin's, leading through into 22, DeanHENRY SPARROW, Proprietor.

street.

To Inventors and Patentees.
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PATENT SOLICITORS,

(Of which firm, Mr. J. C. ROBERTSON, the EDITOR of the MECHANICS' MAGAZINE from its commencement in 1823, is principal partner,) undertake

The procuration of Patents

For England, Scotland, Ireland, and all Foreign Countries, and the transaction generally of all business relating to PATENTS.

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Advice on Cases submitted, &c. &c.

MESSRS. ROBERTSON & CO. POSSESS THE ONLY COMPLETE REGISTRY OF PATENTS EXTANT,

Commencing A.D. 1617 (15 James I.) and regularly continued down to the present time. INTENDING PATENTEES supplied gratis with Printed Instructions, on Application, either personally or by letter.

Advantages of Registering Designs for Articles of Utility.

Under the New Designs Act, 6 and 7 Vic. c. 65. Protection for the whole of the three Kingdoms, by one Act of Registration.

Protection for a term of three years. Protection at a moderate expense (from £12 to £20.)

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For a copy of the Act, with Table of Fees, and Explanatory Remarks, see Mechanics' Magazine, No. 1047, price 3d.; and for Lists of Articles registered under the New Act, see the subsequent Monthly Parts.

Specifications and Drawings, according to the provisions of the Act, prepared, and Registrations effected without requiring the personal attendance of parties in London, by Messrs. ROBERTSON and Co., Patent and Designs Registration Agents, 166, Fleet-street.

Ornamental Designs also registered under the 5 and 6 Vic. c. 100.

Patent and Designs Registration Office, 166, Fleet-street, London.

Steam Flatting Mills Wanted, ABOUT Two Feet wide, and Fifteen Inches in

Diameter-very strong. Address, with all particulars, to Mr. Robertson, 166, Fleet-street.

LONDON: Edited, Printed, and Published, by Joseph Clinton Robertson, of No. 166, Fleetstreet, in the City of London.-Sold by A. and W. Galignani, Rue Vivienne, Paris; Machin and Co., Dublin; W. C. Campbell and Co., Hamburgh.