288 Dr. Robert Culverwell's Guide to Health and Long Life. Addressed chiefly to Young People.-New Edition, with Additions, price ls.; by post, 1s. 6d. WHA THAT TO EAT, DRINK, and AVOID. Medical Table Talk. On the errors and extravagancies of human life,-such as intemperate feeding and drinking, snuffing, smoking, precocious and overstrained indulgences, mental and bodily excesses, late hours, morbid excitement, and other outrages exhaustive to the animal economy; also, per contra, the value of careful living, fresh air, early rising, and out-door exercise, salutary occu pation, and good mental government, whereby the most shattered constitution may be restored to health, and life preserved to the latest period allotted to man. By R. J. CULVERWELL, M.D., M.R.C.S., Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row; Carvalho, 147, Fleet-street, London. Patent Flexible Velvet Hats. JOHNSON and Co., 113, Regent-street, corner of Vigo-street, Hatters to the Queen and Royal Family, inventors and patentees. From the construction of the Patent Flexible Hats the unpleasant pressure on the forehead is entirely removed, and by their extreme elasticity they are capable of accommodating themselves perfectly to the shape of the head. The crown, moreover, being ventilated, and the perspiration prevented from appearing on the outside of the hat, are additional advantages. As ladies' riding hats they are light and elastic, and will retain their position on the head without the least discomfort.-Johnson and Co., 113, Regent-street, and Griffith and Johnson, 2, Old Bond-street. Horn's New Stomach Pump. THE best Instrument ever offered to the Medical Profession is manufactured solely by EDWARD EINSLE, 46, St. Martin's-lane, London, price Two Guineas; where also may be had fine Cutlery and Surgical Instruments of every description, of the best quality, at the most moderate Prices. THE Domestic Brewing. HE PATENT CONCENTRATED MALT and HOP EXTRACT enables private individuals to make fine Home-brewed Ale, without employing any Brewing Utensils. It has only to be dissolved in hot water and fermented. Sold in Jars at 1s. and 1s. 6d., and in Bottles for 9 and 18 gallons ale at 6s. 6d. and 12s. 6d. each, by the British National Malt Extract Company, 7, Nicholas-lane, Lombard-street; Petty, Wood, and Co., 53, Threadneedle-street; Wix and Sons, 22, Leadenhall-street; Batty and Co., 15, Finsbury Pavement; Decastro and Peach, 65, Piccadilly; Hockin and Co., 38, Duke-street, Manchester-square. In Southampton, Randall and Son; Liverpool, J. H. and S. Johnson, Church-street; Edinburgh, H. C. Baildon. Also just published, and may be had Gratis, I. REMARKS ON IMPROVEMENTS IN BREWING, by using the Patent Malt and Hop Extract, enabling Families to Brew without Brewing Utensils. II. INSTRUCTIONS FOR BREWING from the Patent Malt and Hop Extract. III. OPINIONS relative to the Medicinal Properties of Malt and Hops. London: DIRCKS and Co., 7, Nicholas-lane, Lombard-street. To Inventors and Patentees. (Of which firm, Mr. J. C. ROBERTSON, the The procuration of Patents For England, Scotland, Ireland, and all Foreign Countries, and the transaction generally of all business relating to PATENTS. Specifications Drawn or Revised, CONFIRMATIONS AND PROLONGATIONS Searches made for Patents, and Copies or Advice on Cases submitted, &c. &c. MESSRS. ROBERTSON & CO. POSSESS THE ONLY COMPLETE REGISTRY OF PATENTS EXTANT, Commencing A.D. 1617 (15 James I.) and regularly continued down to the present time. INTENDING PATENTEES supplied gratis with Printed Instructions, on Application, either personally or by letter. Advantages of Registering Designs for Articles of Utility. Under the New Designs Act, 6 and 7 Vic. c. 65. Protection for the whole of the three Kingdoms, by one Act of Registration. Protection for a term of three years. Protection at a moderate expense (from £12 to £20.) Protection immediate, (may be obtained in most cases within a couple of days.) Power of granting licences for any of the three Kingdoms, or any of the cities, towns, or districts thereof, to one, two, three, or any greater number of persons. Summary remedy for Infringements. For a copy of the Act, with Table of Fees, and Explanatory Remarks, see Mechanics' Magazine, No. 1047, price 3d.; and for Lists of Articles registered under the New Act, see the subsequent Monthly Parts. Specifications and Drawings, according to the provisions of the Act, prepared, and Registrations effected without requiring the personal attendance of parties in London, by Messrs. ROBERTSON and Co., Patent and Designs Registration Agents, 166, Fleet-street. Ornamental Designs also registered under the 5 and 6 Vic. c. 100. Patent and Designs Registration Office, 166, Fleet-street, London. The Gutta Percha Patents. Patents are requested to be made to the Gutta August 12, 1846. MOWBRAY'S PATENT RAILWAY WHISTLÉ AND BREAK. [Patent dated 10th December, 1845. The above extract, which we take from the Times, presents a true picture of a very great defect in the existing railway system, and does not overrate, we believe, the efficiency of the particular remedial contrivance referred to. It consists of a whistle placed within reach of the guard, which is distinguished from all other whistles in being sounded neither by steam nor common air, but by fixed air, (carbonic acid gas,) or hydrogen gas evolved and applied under pressure, and in producing sounds much louder and shriller than the whistles in common use. In some experiments recorded in the Times, a sound was obtained with fixed air at a pressure of 6 lbs. to the inch, which was equal to that of the ordinary steam whistle when acted on by a pressure of 64 lbs. Mr. Mowbray's patent includes also an improved break and lever break, for still further increasing the guard's power of controlling and regulating the progress of a railway train. We subjoin the patentee's specification of all these inventions : 'My invention consists, firstly, in the application of hydrogen gas or carbonic acid gas, or of a mixture of hydrogen gas and carbonic acid gas, (the gases being evolved under pressure,) with an admixture in each case of more or less atmospheric air, to sound a whistle, by means of which signals may be conveyed from the person or persons having charge of a railway train to the controller of its motive power. The arrangements which I propose for this purpose are represented in figs. 1, 2, and 3. Fig. 1 is an elevation, fig. 2 a plan, and fig. 3 an end view of a railway carriage provided with this improved means for the transmission of signals. ABC are three cylinders, whose respective lengths may be five feet six inches, and diameters about thirteen inches. They may be made of wrought iron, or copper, or brass; but of whatever material made, they should be lined with lead, and, as they will be required to withstand a pressure of from twenty to one hundred pounds to the inch, the lining should be cemented in, so as to leave no interstice between the inside of the outer cylinder and its lining. To one extremity of each of these cylinders a flange is attached, and the lead lining lapped over it, so that the metal of the outside cylinder may not be exposed to the action of the contents of the vessel. The end covers (shown in fig. 1) of the cylinders are faced on the inside with lead, and secured by screw bolts, which admit of the covers being removed, in order to empty or charge the cylinders, as required. A is a two-inch leaden charging pipe, which is passed down from the top part of the cylinder A, nearly to the bottom of it, as shown by the dotted lines in fig. 1, and is surmounted by a screw cap, with leaden washers. The cylinders A and B communicate with each other at the bottom by a three-quarter inch leaden pipe, d d. From the upper part of the vessels A and B, two tubes, a and b, of small calibre (say three sixteenths of an inch) lead to a tube, cc, which rises from the vessel C, and is carried up to the guard's box, where it terminates in the steam whistle W. The tubes a, b, and e are all lined with lead. The tube a has a stop-cock at e, and the tube e one at i, and another at g, which last commands both the under part of c and the whole of the tube ẻ. All those stop-cocks are so placed as to be conveniently got at by the guard. On the tube c, and below the whistle and its stop cock í, a small tube branches off at h to a manometer, or pressure gauge. All the tubes a, b, and c should be inserted into their respective cylinders within a few inches of the flanges, in order that the soldering may be easily managed. The mode of charging the apparatus to be ready for action is as follows:-In the cylinder E are placed about forty-four pounds of iron turnings, or fifty-six pounds of zinc clippings, or eighty pounds of marble. The head is then securely bolted on, and rendered tight, if necessary, with some good cement. The heads of the other cylinders are next screwed on in like manner, and the stopcocks i and g, commanding the whistle, are opened. About sixty-three pounds of the oil of vitriol of commerce, with about two hundred and twenty pounds of water, previously mixed, and cold, or, instead thereof, about two hundred and fifty pounds of muriatic acid, specific gravity 1.118, are now introduced through the leaden pipe A into the cylinder A. Fig. 3. ก C The cap of this pipe A is then securely fastened, and the stopcock i, which immediately commands the whistle, closed. To increase the pressure, the stopcock e should be opened for a second or two occasionally, (the stopcock g being open the while,) and the result may be afterwards read off on the pressure gauge. If the apparatus is charged at too high a pressure, by closing the stopcock g, and opening i, and also the stopcock e, only for half a moment or so at a time, the pressure will diminish as soon as the stopcocks are returned to their normal state. The signalling is effected by opening and closing the stopcock i, in the same manner as is now done on the locomotive steam whistle, the stopcock g being open. My invention consists, secondly, of certain additions to railway carriages, whereby a rotary motion may be transmitted from the shafting of one carriage to the shafting of another, and such rotary motion may be made subservient to the conveyance of signals from one end or one part of a train to the other end, or to another part thereof. Fig. 4 represents portions of passengers' carriages and tender; and fig. 5 a portion of the guard's carriage, each with these additions. To the under side of the cross pieces of each carriage-frame, are attached two or three bearers, kk, (according to the length of the carriage,) with plummer blocks; and through these plummer blocks or bearers, a rod, l, is passed, running the whole length of the carriage, and projecting at either end as far as the end of the buffer socket; each carriage-frame being thus fitted with a shaft, 7, as shown in fig. 1; a union T piece, or socket, M, is attached to each end of each shaft, and traversing this union T piece; perpendicular to the axis of the shaft is a pin, n, indicated by the dotted line at n, fig. 3, surmounted by a washer and screw nut. The lower end of the pin n forms one half of a circular joint, into which the upper end of the bar O, whose length should be about the same as the projecting piston-rod of the buffer, is made to fit. At the lower extremity of this bar O is another circular joint, into which either end of the bar P, fig. 3, whose length should be more than twice the length of the bar O, may be readily adapted. If two carriages be now brought together, both mounted as above described, and offering, as shown in fig. 3, at either end the extremity of the shaft 7, with the union T, piece M, pin n, washer and screw nut, short pendant bar O; and if one end of the bar P be fitted into the lower extremity of each of the perpendicular bars O O, a connection will be formed resembling a crank, as shown separately in fig. 3, be tween each carriage, and capable of transmitting a rotary power from one shaft to the other, altogether independent of and unaffected by the oscillating movements of the carriages when proceeding along the line at a rapid pace. In the view of the guard's carriage, fig. 2, is shown a means of communicating the motion from the ordinary perpendicular screw lever of the break on to the female screw piece A, which, by acting upon the lever B, lowering or raising the same, turns the shaft on its axis. Motion being thus transmitted from the guard's box |