ing his former errors, and rescuing his brother from his perilous

situation.

The remainder of J. W's translation stands thus: "This both depressed their spirits, and rendered the enemy more ferocious: who, elated at the death of the Lieutenant, and the Consul's wound, could by no effort any longer be kept in check: when the Romans driven back into their camp were again suffering siege, with prospects and forces unequal to their opponents and their very existence would have been at stake, unless T. Quinctius with the foreign troops, and the army of Latium ánd of the Hernici, had reinforced them."

"More ferocious, though a very literal, is scarcely a correct translation; more confident, more determined is rather the sense of the original; the following passage is exactly parallel: Livy, xxxix. 31., Atrox in principio proelium fuit, et Hispanis recenti victoria ferocibus, et insueta ignominia milite Romano accenso: Cf. xxi, 54. ii, 56. i, 53. iii, 47.

We now arrive at the more prominent difficulties of the chapter: "Qui, cæde legati et consulis vulnere accensi, nulla deinde vi sustineri potuere, quum compulsi in castra Romani rursus obsiderentur, nec spe, nec viribus pares: venissetque in perículum summa rerum, ni T. Quinctius peregrinis copiis cum Latino Hernicoque exercitu subvenisset." The trifling changes" of cum into tum, and again of cum into suis, proposed by D. B. H. in No. XLVI. p. 278., J. W. has satisfactorily shown to be inadmissible. In stating his objections, however, he has not expressed himself with sufficient accuracy. I allude to the following passage: "If Livy had intended to inform us that the Romans would have been besieged again in camp, unless the arrival of Quinctius had taken place, then tum might have been used: but the verb obsideri must indispensably have been in the perfect tense obsessi essent, as a correlative with subvenisset Now if J. W. will reconsider the subject, he will find that the correlative to obsessi essent, would be the pluperfect tense venisset. J. W. farther observes: To render the passage unexceptionable, I would merely, after viribus pares, substitute a colon for a comma:" J. W. will perceive that I have adopted this punctuation, and if he will take the trouble of exa mining Drakenborch's text, he will find that it also corresponds with his suggestion. On the other hand, I would recommend the substitution of a comma for a colon, in his own translation, before the words when the Romans driven back," &c. the adverb when, sic nude positum, being totally devoid of meaning. J. W. seems evidently to have imagined that the obscurity in

Livy's language was to be obviated by the nice construction of the verb obsiderentur, which he renders were again suffering siege; but it was incumbent upon him to point out the possibility of understanding the words in a different sense, which, if I am not greatly mistaken, he would have found no trivial onus probandi. The force and perspicuity of the passage appears to lie in the connexion between deinde and cum, and its obscurity in the position of the adverb deinde, which generally terminates a sentence; this is further apparent from the various emendations and alterations of the punctuation, as detailed by D. B. H., all of which aim at making sustineri potuere the close of a sentence. The following loose translation will perhaps serve to show the consistency of the text as it now stands: "Who, when they had driven the Romans within their intrenchments, and had a second time reduced them to a state of blockade, could no longer be effectually resisted, elated as they were with the death of the Legate and the wound of the Consul, whereas the Romans were dispirited, and by no means a match for their opponents in point of numbers." The proper meaning of sustineo in the above passage appears to be, to prevent the enemy from bursting through the outworks, and in this sense it is parallel to the Greek verb στέγω: #sch. S. c. Th. 220. Δυσμενέων δ' ὄχλον πύργος ἀποστέγοι: Ibid. 202., Πύργον στέγειν εὔχεσθε πολέμιον δόρυ : 798., Στέγει δὲ πύργος. See Blomfield's Glossary, who renders the word by sustineo, non admitto.

The concluding words, "ni T. Quinctius peregrinis copiis cum Latino Hernicoque exercitu subvenisset," are very deficient in perspicuity; which deficiency is mainly attributable to the ambiguity of the expression peregrinis copiis, which the reader on the first view of the passage would suppose to be a dative dependent on the verb subvenisset, did not the sense negative this idea, the forces whom Quinctius relieved being the flower of the Roman army. The omission of a dative after subvenisset may be defended by the following instance from Livy, xxv. 31.: "Quod (frumentum) ni tam in tempore subvenisset, victoribus victisque pariter perniciosa fames instabat.” And from a reference to the preceding chapter, it appears that peregrina copia is equivalent to socialis exercitus. We there read: "Ipsum consulem Romæ manere ad conscribendos omnes, qui arma ferre possent, optimum visum est; pro consule T. Quinctium subsidio castris cum sociali exercitu mitti: ad eum explendum Latini, Hernicique, et colonia Antium dare Quinctio subitarios milites (ita tum repentina auxilia adpellabant) jussi." D. B. H.'s proposed emendation of suis for cum

evidently proceeded on the supposition that the Latinus Hernicusque exercitus were the same as the peregrina copia; which is decidedly opposed by the above quotation; the Latins and the Hernici being merely subitarii milites, repentina auxilia, raised merely ad explendum numerum, and therefore not likely to prove of efficient assistance to the Ronians in their present calamitous situation.

To conclude. Summa rerum, is a very vague and indefinite, but a very favorite, phrase of Livy's. Ernesti in the present instance considers it as equivalent to exercitus cum castris. The following examples are intended to show the peculiar application of it by Livy: i. 36. Concilia populi, exercitus vocati, summa rerum, ubi aves non admisissent, dirimerentur: Dicitur de bello rite, h. e. nonnisi auspicato, incipiendo.' Ernesti. xxx. 3. Quia ibi summam rerum bellique verti cernebant. xxi. 29. Hoc principium simul omenque belli, ut summa rerum prosperum eventum, ita haud sane incruentam ancipitisque certaminis victoriam, Romanis portendit. Cf. viii. 14.

M.

The LIFE OF WILLIAM SANCROFT, Archbishop of Canterbury; compiled principally from original and scarce documents. With an Appendix, containing Fur Prædestinatus, Modern Policies, and Three 3. Sermons by Archbishop Sancroft. Also, A Life of the learned Henry Wharton; and Two Letters of Dr. Sanderson, now first published from the Archiepiscopal Library at Lambeth Palace. By GEORGE D'OYLY, D. D. F. R. S. In Two Vols. 8vo.

DR. D'OYLY, who has on many occasions conferred signal services on the practice of sound religion and on the doctrines of the Church of England, acquires in this publication a new claim to the general esteem. The age of Archbishop Sancroft was distinguished by several religious and political revolutions; and the facilities of access to the Lambeth library, which the author possesses, have enabled him to throw a great light on the transactions which he describes.

From the Appendix we shall insert some part of Excerpta ex Vita MS. Henrici Whartoni, A. M. a seipso scripta. Of this the Editor says:

"This piece of self-biography must be considered as a great literary curiosity, as well from the celebrity of the person who has thus recorded the events of his own life, as from the classical character of the style, and the interesting nature of many of the remarks, and of the matter contained in it.

"Natus in agro Norfolciensi, oppido de Worstead, die ix Novenibris, 1664, patre Edmundo, A. M. Rectore villæ de Upton, in agro Suffolciensi, et postea Rectore de Sloley, et Vicario de Worstead, quæ beneficia postrema cum rectoria de Saxlingham permutavit.

"Matre Susanna Burr, filia Johannis Burr, pannificis satis opulenti in oppido Dedham Comitatus Essexiensis,

1670. Traditus disciplinæ Magistri Eldred publica schola Norwalthamensis præpositi, sub quo annum fere eruditus est, et postea sub patre suo.

66

1676. Feriis natalitiis ducenta disticha de quatuor anni temporibus confecit.

"1677. Feriis natalitiis poemation de XII Herculis laboribus plusquam MCC versibus constans composuit.

"1678. In Saturnalibus poema de bello Trojano MMM circiter versibus comprehensum condidit.

"De moribus suis hæc scribit.

"Immensa ac effrænis illa, quæ in me semper viguit, laudis cupido; immoderata illa animi ferocia et præceps iracundia, quæ mihi in ætate puerili admodum efferbuit, adeo ut ferocis titulo a familiaribus diu notarer, crebrasque eo nomine patris animadversiones perferrem. In hoc tamen veniam aliquantulum mereri censendus, quod effrænis ille animi impetus paucis momentis defervescere soleret, et, sedato semel æstu, in gratiam iterum redire adeo non recusarem, ut summis etiam id votis (sic mihi semper natura tulit) expeterem, ut eo saltem modo injuriam alteri ab iracundia factam, compensarem. Ceterum, quod summæ felicitatis loco habendum duxi, postquam e domo paterna exieram, et inter academicos versari capi, deferbuit et evanuit ille animi æstus, mitemque deinceps, comem, et placidum apud omnes me exhibui; adeo ut integro fere abhinc septennio, nulli me temere iratum meminerim, cunctorumque, quibuscum mihi res erat, amorem et benevolentiam facile demere

Id maxime veró notandum venit, quod, cum ob athleticum corporis robur, et calorem plus justo vigentem, in mulierum

amorem sim perquam pronus, nulli tamen unquam mulieri, nisi perquam invitus, in colloquium descenderim, neque ullam ne verbato quidem lubenter salutarim: ita denique versatus sim, ut qui me intus et in cute nosse sibi videntur, me pessimum habeant, Mcoyuvo. Nescio an id factum fuerit odio superbiæ, petulan, tiæ, et juéptiarum, quæ mulieribus jamdiu inolitæ in naturam fere jam transierunt, quodque serviles illas blanditias et obsequia demissa, quæ a viris sibi exhiberi sequior sexus expetit et exigit, longe infra virilis sexus majestatem posita existimarem. Forsau et isti animi fastidio nonnihil contulit mei ipsius arrogantia, lite ratorum consortio penitus indignum judicantis sexum illum, de quo generosæ indolis mulier sententiam dudum tulit, nil scitu dignum exinde edisci posse. Certe toto, quo Cantabrigiæ vitam egi, sexennio, quum et ansa crebro daretur, et latebræ non dees sent, nulli unquam lasciviæ muliebri, ne osculis quidem, me indulsisse memini. Id certo novi, me ad hunc usque diem (vigesimum tertium ætatis annum tum egit cum hæc scripsit) virginitatem illæsam et intactam conservasse.

Tanto erga Ecclesiam (Anglicanam) zelo præditus, schismaticos, quos Reformatos vocant, angue et cane pejus, semper odi.'

M

"1680.-xv Februarii, ad Academiam Cantabrigiensem, a patre deductus, et tutela Johannis Ellys, Collegii Gonvilii et Caii Socii senioris, commissus, et xviii die togam academicam primum induit, in pensionariorum minorum numerum cooptatus, " Novembri, Collegii scholaris factus, dato scholariatu £5) reditus annui.

"1681.—Februario, philosophicis et mathematicis se applicat; et, paulo post, linguam Gallicam proprio marte didicit, "1682.-Octobri. Isto circiter tempore, severam, quant hactenus colui, et illibatam conservaveram temperantiam paulatim amittere incepi, genioque indulgere, inter æquales comessari, bacchoque strenue litare, haud amplius dubitavi. Factum id primo, ne morosior, et plus justo subtristis existimarer. Forsan et accessit victoriæ amor, quain et in minimis etiam rebus stultus ambivi, Id enim mihi a natura datum est, ut prægrandem vini mensuram illæso cerebro perpotare possem; vini

Mr. H. Wharton's father had formerly been fellow of Gonvil and Caius College. Mr. John Ellys, the tutor, is described as a person of eminent learning, singular piety, and strictness of life; and one who deserved highly of the public for his unwearied pains and most exact diligence in the education and government of youth. See Life of H Wharton, prefixed to his Sermons.