Nec nulla interea est inaratæ gratia terræ. And vast returns meanwhile from tillage rise. tice the criticisms of two distinguished expositors, Martyn and Wakefield. Martyn's marginal translation of the line, Nec nulla interea est inurate gratia terra, is this: Nor at the same time is there any grace wanting" in an unploughed field." And in his notes he. says, by inarate he means "uncultivated." And he continues, "he here again encourages the husbandman to let his ground lie fallow a year or two, if he can afford to wait so long, and assures him that his forbearance will be well rewarded." Martyn by misunderstanding this passage, and treading in the steps of many of his preceding annotators, makes the author contradict himself, for how can the ground lie fallow a year or two, and yet produce an interchange of pulse, or of pulse and grain every year. The fallow had been disposed of before, at v. 71, 72, and is now quite out of the question. The intention of the poet clearly is, to introduce either annual ameliorating, now called fallow crops, or else manured crops, previous to a trimestral sowing of wheat, in the room of the bare fallow preceding a sementival one. And Wakefield, equally misunderstanding the reasoning of the author, recommends a gratuitous and unwarranted transposition of his lines, and creates confusion in the most intelligible precepts. He thus expresses himself in his note and proposed amendment. v. 79. "Transpositione infelici laborat hic locus, sed ne multis et lectorem et meipsum morer, suo ordine versus collocabo, qui loci rationem, bene perpendenti, propria luce, ni fallor, commendabitur." "Urunt Lethæo perfusa papavera somno. Sic quoque mutatis requiescunt fœtibus arva, Sed tamen alternis facilis labor; arida tantum Ne saturare fimo pingui pudeat sola; neve Effatos cinerem immundum jactare per agros. Nec nulla interea est inaratæ gratia terra." "Sic quoque mutatis: id est, hac ratione ETIAM' mutatis fœtibus, arva quodammodo requiescunt." The word quoque is here indefinitely explained by "etiam" in large letters: if it is meant to convey any other sense than the plain "also," the conclusions to be drawn from the poet's propositions are defeated: and by this "unhappy transposition" of the critic, the connecting clauses are completely deranged. The lines themselves in their regular order, exhibit the clearest proofs of practical knowledge, methodical arrangement, and illustrative perspicuity. By the plain construction of the words, and by the evident intimation of the precepts, the land was by this second process to be ploughed, sowed, and cultivated: by the mutato sidere, there was a change in the sowing season of wheat from the autumn to the spring: and by the mutatis fœtibus, there was an annual interchange of pulse, and ultimately of pulse and wheat. We may suppose the courses (ordines) to have been somewhat after this manner. 1. Beans or pease, or with manure, flax or poppy. 2. Barley or oats manured either upon the crude soil, or upon the spine of the plants themselves, De 1 Corinth. XI. 10. Διὰ τοῦτο ὀφείλει ἡ γυνὴ ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς διὰ τοὺς ἀγγέλους. MULTUM de hoc loco perquam implicito sudaverunt alii; neque tamen hilum profecerunt. Conjecturarum numero mea quoque addi potest. Legere soleo, Διὰ τοῦτο οὐ θολίαν μὴ γυνὴ ἐξιοῦσα ἀνέχῃ ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς τὴν ἄγουσαν γέλων : Quapropter minime mulier capiti imponat velamen, risus excitaturum. His verbis Apostolus morem, qui obtinuit apud Corinthias mulieres, sugillat. Ea etenim solebant, utpote Venerem plus æquo colentes, et munditiarum appetentes, velamen splendidius capiti imponere. Id decus muliebre appellabatur oxía. In Theocrit. Id. xv. 39. 'Αμπέχονον φέρε μοι καὶ τὴν θολίαν, hera e domo exitura (oσa) ita ancillam loquitur. Vocem ibi exponit Valckenaer. « Τὰν Θολίαν umbraculum Lacena Σαλιαν vocabant. Hesych. Σαλία. πλέγμα καλάθῳ ὅμοιον, ὃ ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς φοροῦσιν αἱ Λάκαιναι· οἱ δε, Θολία. Cf. et Polluc. vii. 174. Θολία, πλέγμα τι—ᾧ ἀντὶ σκιαδίου ἐχρῶντο αἱ γυναῖκες: ai necnon Schol. in Aristoph. Αν. 1508. Σκιαδίον—ἔχουσιν αἱ Κανή φοροι ἀπιοῦσαι εἰς τὰ ̓Ελευσίνια: unde emenda Schol. ad Aristoph. Εq. 1345. Σκέπασμά τι, ὅπερ αἱ γυναῖκες παρὰ τοῖς *Αθηναίοις ἔχουσι θεοῦσαι, legendo ἔχουσι ἐξιοῦσαι.” Ubi tamen ipse malim εἰς θέαν ἰοῦσαι. Minime debui dissimulare Heringam in literis ineditis ad L. C. Valckenaerum vidisse in vulgata lectione with an after-crop in the same year, of millet and radish: this process is mentioned by Pliny. 3. Lupins or lentils, or other pulse. 4. Vetches or panic, for hay or soiling, or for being ploughed-in as manure. 5. SPRING WHEAT. 6. Turnips, rape, or cale. 7. Rye or barley, manured and sown afterwards with panic and radish. 8. Beans, pease, kidney beans (phaseli), or lentils. 9. Farrago for soiling or ploughing-in. 10. FAR, or other Spring wheat. Some of these were esteemed ameliorating crops. Thus Pliny quoting Cato: Nec non et satis quibusdam ipsis pasci terram dicit Cato. Segetem stercorant fruges lupini, faba, vicia. Lib. 17. c. 9. And thus Varro, l. i. c. 44. Illud quoque multum interest in rudi terra, an in ea seras que quotannis obsita sit, quæ vocatur restibilis; an in vervacto, quæ interdum requiescit. In Olynthia quotannis restibilia esse dicunt, sed ita ut tertio quoque anno uberiores ferant fructus. He afterwards subjoins his own advice: Agrum alternis annis relinqui oportet, aut paullo levioribus sationibus serere, id est, quæ minus sugunt terram. verbum διάγουσα latere. At cetera non vidit. In ἐξιοῦσα inciderat quoque H. Junius de Coma, c. 4. ante Toupium ad Suidam, ut didici e Scholiis L. C. Valck. T. ii. p. 279., qui tamen negatioσa similibus exemplis firmari posse. G. B. CONJECTURE IN HORAT. INTER Omnigenos fere Romanos scriptores, Horatium esse G. B. 121 NOTICE OF PROFESSOR GAISFORD'S Publications; with Emendations on the Supplices and Iphigenia in Tauris of EURIPIDES. In conformity with a kind of promise, given in the last Number, of devoting an article occasionally to the review of different Classical works, which have appeared in this Country, since the commencement of this Journal, but which from various causes have been either neglected or only partially noticed, we shall enter without further preface upon a rapid examination of the Greek publications from the Clarendon Press, and especially those, of which Professor Gaisford is either the avowed or supposed editor. In our recent notice of Mr. Elmsley's Baccha, we had occasion to regret that any scholar, whose reputation stands deservedly high, should be unwilling to exhibit proofs of native vigor of mind on occasions, where ample scope is given for the exercise of it. A feeling of similar disappointment has been excited in our breast in the perusal of Mr. Gaisford's editions; certain as we were that in a scholar, whose industry never tires, and whose judgment is ever on the alert, the power could not be wanting to remove much that deforms the half-hidden beauties of Grecian Literature. But whatever may be our own feelings on a point, the importance of which is differently estimated by minds of different temperament, all must agree in one opinion, respecting the honorable manner, in which Mr. G. has by continued exertions put to the blush the indolence and inability of those, who have been content to sleep away their time in the otium sine dignitate of a professorial chair in either University. The publications, in which Mr. G. first appeared anonymously in the character of Editor, are the following plays, printed separately: Euripidis Electra Alcestis cum Variis Lectionibus. In usum Schola Westmonasteriensis. True to the very unassuming title of the work, Mr. G. has in the Electra given only various readings, extracted, in very few words, from the writings of preceding critics, with the exception of one passage, where he has ventured upon an emendation, which has been subsequently made by G. Burges ad Troad. Ap pend. p. 171. Blomfield in Edinburgh Rev. N. 38. p. 481. and ad S. C. Th. 212. and by Seidler ad Electr. v. 1221. Although the emendation is rather an obvious one, yet the credit of it may as well be given to its first promulgator. In the Alcestis although we do not find any emendation from the pen of Mr. G., yet we discover a slight change from his previously concise style in enumerating various readings; and we are also favored, at v. 492, with an extract from Eustathius, respecting the Homeric and Tragic forms respectively, xixava and xiyxăva, which Porson, we believe, was the first to notice and to adopt in the Glasgow Eschylus. Equally sparing of original matter is Mr. G. in the Andromache; though rather more liberal in making extracts from We allude more parworks not in the hands of mere tyros. ticularly to the notes in v. 17, 80, 103, 147, 180, 228, 276, 419, and 1251. The next anonymous publication of Mr. G. was one with the following title: Euripidis Tragoedia, Hecuba, Orestes, Phoenissæ; cum variis lectionibus et notis Sam. Musgravii, 1809. The various readings, here alluded to, are from a Ms. once in the possession of William Hunter, but where at present preserved is not stated; nor is there any account given of the number of plays which it contains. We suspect, however, from the inspection of its readings, that it belongs to that numerous class of Mss. of Euripides, which, containing only three plays, are all modern transcripts of one archetypus, which partly coincides with, and is partly superior to, the Aldine text. Although the value of the Hunterian readings is not very great, yet there are some which deserve the attention of such scholars as know how to use properly a Ms. ; an art, that, simple as it seems to be, is one, nevertheless, of which editors only of the Bentley school can boast the knowledge, or are capable of applying to any efficient purpose. Mr. Gaisford's attention as an Editor was next given to the following publication: Euripidis Supplices Mulieres, Iphigenia in Aulide et in Tauris. Cum notis Jer. Marklandi integris et aliorum selectis. Accedunt de Græcorum quinta declinatione imparisyllabica et inde formata Latinorum tertia, Quæstio Grammatica; Explicationes veterum aliquot Auctorum; Epistolæ quædam ad D'Orvillium datæ, cum Indicibus necessariis. Of this edition the merits may be discussed in a few words. Although it does not contain, like the preceding publication, the |