AQUIS Tibull. II 5 43 44 illic sanctus eris [says the Sibyl to Aeneas], cum te veneranda Numici | unda deum caelo miserit indigetem.

FLAMMIS Soph. Tr. Sen. Herc. Oet. Minuc. Fel. 22 § 7 Hercules ut hominem exuat, Oetaeis ignibus concrematur.

64-76 bill of fare cf. Hor. s. II 2 120-5.

64 FERCULA I 94 n.

ORNATA Sen. ep. 95 § 27 multorum ferculorum ornamenta coeant. Mart. XIII 91 2 ambrosias ornent munera rara dapes.

MACELLIS IO. VI 40. Mart. x 56 3 4 dives et ex omni posita est instructa macello | cena tibi. Burn Rome and the Campagna 221. 230.

65 TIBURTINO XIV 87 n. Here Iuv. had an estate.

66 HAEDULUS Hor. s. II 2 120 121 bene erat non piscibus urbe petitis, sed pullo atque haedo.

INSCIUS HERBAE unweaned.

67 SALICTI Verg. g. II 434--6 salices humilesque genestae| aut illae pecori frondem... | sufficiunt.

68 ET MONTANI like ending of the verse 77. 138. II 145. III 17. 120. 273 ad cenam si. IV 87. VI 296. VIII 218. x 88. XIII 191. XIV 165. in v 38 the 4th foot also is a spondee

inaequales berullo.

68 69 MONTANI ASPARAGI V 82 n. Plin. XIX § 145 omnium in hortis rerum lautissima cura asparagis...est et aliud genus incultius asparago, mitius corruda, passim etiam montibus nascens. It is the last item in the dinner of herbs (anth. Pal. XI 413) from which the guest hurried in alarm lest the next course might be grass.

69 VILICA Mart IX 60 3 seu Praenestino te vilica legit in horto. id. I 55 11 12 pinguis inaequales onerat cui vilica mensas | et sua non emptus praeparat ova çinis.

70 CALENTIA FAENO fresh eggs were carried about in hay Mart. III 47 14 tuta faeno cursor ova portabat. Others make faenum the nest.

71 MATRIBUS Mart. vII 31 I raucae chortis aves et ova matrum.

SERVATAE the various modes of keeping grapes, in an airtight cask, in saw-dust, are described by Plin. xv §§ 62-7. Hor. s. II 2 121 122 pensilis uva secundas | et nux ornabat

mensas.

72 PARTE XII IIO. abl. seldom used to denote duration 72 anno. Cic. n. d. II § 130 tota aestate [Nilus Aegyptum] obrutam oppletamque tenuit. Madvig § 235 3..

73 SIGNINUM Colum. v 10 § 18 curandum est autem, ut

quam generosissimis piris pomaria conseramus. ea sunt...Sig. nina, Tarentina, quae Syria dicuntur. Celsus (II 24 pira, quae reponuntur, Tarentina atque Signina) recommends them as wholesome. Signia (now Segni, with ruins of Cyclopean walls), a town of Latium, east of the Volscian hills, was founded by Tarquinius Superbus Liv. 1 56.

SYRIUM Plin. xv § 53 tanta vis suci abundat—lacte hoc vocatur-in his [piris] quae alii colore nigro donant Syriae. Mart. v 78 12 13 marcentes tibi porrigentur uvae, | et nomen pira quae ferunt Syrorum."

ISDEM the fruit is brought in baskets, and of them there are no more than is necessary.

74 PICENIS IV 40 n. Hor. s. II 4'70 Picenis cedunt po mis Tiburtia suco.

75 FRIGORE Holyday 'winter's cold has dried | their autumn; their raw juice they've laid aside.'

77-89 In the good old times such a dinner was a feast for the senate already grown less frugal. Curius Dentatus pluckt in his little garden and drest with his own hands pottage at which now a days rogues that dig in chains, pampered in the cookshops of Rome, turn up their nose. For gala days a flitch of bacon on the rack, to which might be added a chance joint from some sacrifice, was a treat to which retired consuls and dictators would hasten, shouldering their mattocks before the wonted time.

77 IAM LUXURIOSA Plin. XVIII § 18 luxuriantis iam reipublicae fuit ista mensura. Such once were the repasts of our senators, already luxurious when compared with the holus of Curius. With the following lines cf. vi 286-91. XIV 160-72.

78 CURIUS etc. II 3. 153. VIII 4 n. Manil. IV 148 149 Serranos Curiosque tulit, fascesque per arva | tradidit, eque suo dictator venit aratro. Cic. parad. 1 § 12 tenuitas victus M'. Curii. Luc. X 151-3 pone duces priscos et nomina pauperis aevi | Fabricios Curiosque graves: hic ille recumbat sordidus Etruscis abductus consul aratris. M'. Curius Dentatus (Hor. c. I 12 41 incomptis Curium capillis) as consul B.C. 290 triumphed over the Samnites and Sabines. When consul a second time, B.C. 275, he triumphed over Pyrrhus, and when reelected, B.C. 274, finally defeated the Lucanians and Samnites.

QUAE LEGERAT HORTO Plin. XIX § 51 Romae quidem per se hortus ager pauperis erat. § 52 ex horto plebei macellum, quanto innocentiore victu!

79 HOLUSCULA Hor. ep. I 17 13-15 si pranderet holus patienter, regibus uti | nollet Aristippus. sisciret regibus uti,| fastidiret holus qui me notat.'

COMPEDE FOSSOR VIII 180 n. x 182 n. XIV 24 n. Ov.

Pont. 1 6 31 haec facit ut vivat vinctus quoque compede fos sor. Plin. ep. III 19 § 7 nec ipse usquam vinctos habeo,, FOSSOR ditcher' Pers. V 122.

81 CALIDAE Mart. 1 41 9 10 fumantia qui ftomacla rducuşĮ,

circumfert tepidis cocus popinis.

SAPIAT QUID Phaedr. III 4 3 some one, seeing an ape's carcass hanging up at the butcher's quaesivit, quidnam sape

ret?

VULVA Hor. ep. I 15 41 Obbar nil vulva pulchrius ampla. Plin. VIII § 209 hinc censoriarum legum paginae interdictaque cenis abdomina...vulvae. ed. Diocl. 4 4 where 'bulbae' are dearer than any other meat.

POPINAE VIII 172. Lucil. I 16 Müller turpemque odisse popinam. Gracch. in Gell. xv 12 § 2 nulla apud me fuit popina. Horace to his bailiff ep. 1 14 21 22 Obbar fornix tibi et uncta popina | incutiunt urbis desiderium. id. s. II 4 62 quaecunque immundis fervent allata popinis. Chiefly frequented by slaves (VIII 173 n. 174 n. 179 n.), gamblers (Mart. V 84 4), and the like (Sen. vit. beat. 7 § 3 voluptas humile, servile, inbecillum, caducum, cuius statio ac domicilium fornices et popinae sunt). They were under the control of the aediles Suet. Tib. 34. dig. IV 8 21 § 11 in aliquem locum inhonestum, ...puta in popinam vel in lupanarium. cf. lexx. under popinalis. popino.

82 SICCI TERGA SUIS VII 119 n. Ov. m. vIII 638 sordida terga suis nigro pendentia tigno. Swine were kept in great numbers Ov. f. vi 179 sus erat in pretio; caesa sue festa colebant.

CRATE the rack on which the flitch of bacon hung in the kitchen: Trimalchio served up Petron. 31 fin. tomacula supra craticulam argenteam ferventia. Mart. XIV 221 rara tibi curva craticula sudet ofella; | spumeus in longa cuspide fumet aper. In these passages it seems to mean a gridiron.

83 MORIS Madvig § 290 2. publ. sch. Lat. gr. p. 413. Caes. b. G. IV § 5 est enim hoc Gallicae consuetudinis, uti...cogant. 84 NATALICIUM as a birthday treat. Pers. 1 16 natalicia tandem cum sardonyche albus. On this feast in honour of one's genius cf. IV 66 n. v 37 n. IX 51. XII I.

LARDUM short for luridum (cf. calda, soldum cet.) 'bacon,' see Plaut. Hor. Macrob. in lexx. Ov. f. VI 169-72 pinguia cur illis gustentur larda Kalendis, | mixtaque cum calido sit faba farre, rogas? | prisca dea est, aliturque cibis, quibus ante solebat, nec petit ascitas luxuriosa dapes (no oysters, no peacocks cet.). It formed part of a soldier's rations Spartian. Hadr. 10. Veg. IV 7.

85 HOSTIA a part of the victim was burnt, and the remainder

eaten by the offerer, or sold Hom. passim, Wetstein on 1 Cor. IO 28. So soldiers now and then had fresh meat cod. Theod. VII 4 6 cum militibus...laridum vel recens forsitan caro deinceps erogabitur.

89 DOMITO Sen. ep. 86 § 5 of Scipio exercebat enim opere se terramque, ut mos fuit priscis, ipse subigebat. MONTE II 73 74 populus modo victor et illud | montanum positis audiret vulgus aratris. VI 5. XIV 161-172. For praises of agriculture see 111 67 n. XIV 181-9. Cic. p. Rosc. Am. $$ 50 51 e.g. cum ab aratro arcessebantur qui consules fierent...illum Atilium, quem sua manu spargentem semen qui missi erant convenerunt.

90-119 When Cato and Fabricius kept men in awe, and censors were a terror to their very colleagues, none cared to rifle the ocean for tortoiseshell; an ass's head, rudely cut in brass, sole ornament of the couch, was crowned for the feast, and about it the peasant children used to romp. Innocent of Greek art, the soldier defaced work of famous engravers, his share of booty, to adorn his horse or helmet; the wolf that suckled the Quirini, Mars with spear and shield, these were the decorations of his choice. He dined off earthen platters, saving such silver as he had to deck his arms. Yet then was heaven near to Rome; a divine voice foretold the inroad of the Gauls. So watchful was Iuppiter, as yet of clay, unspoilt by gold. Tables too were then of native timber, some chance windfall of an old walnut tree. 90 FABIOS II 145 146 generosior...Fabiis. VIII 14 n. The most famous censor of the Fabia gens was Q. 191 n. Fabius Maximus Rullianus, colleague of P. Decius B.C. 304. DURUM CATONEM II 40. Mart. XI 2 12 triste supercilium durique severa Catonis | frons. Cato maior was censor B.C. 184.

91 SCAUROS II 35. VI 604. Hor. c. I 12 37, where, as in Cic. (p. Mur. §§ 16. 36) and VM. (v 8 § 4 Scaurus, lumen ac decus patriae) this M. Aemilius Scaurus, cons. B.C. 115 (when he passed a sumptuary law Plin. VIII § 223 glires quos censoriae leges princeps que M. Scaurus in consulatu non alio modo cenis ademere ac conchylia aut ex alio orbe convectas aves), censor B.C. 109, is held up as a model of virtue. But see Sallust Iug. 15 § 4 Aemilius Scaurus, homo nobilis, inpiger factiosus avidus potentiae honoris divitiarum, ceterum vitia sua callide occultans. On the generic plur. cf. I 109 n. Cope on Aristot. rhet. II 22 § 3. Cic. p. Cael. § 39 if there is a youth scorning delights and living laborious days, he is divinely endowed. ex hoc genere illos fuisse arbitror Camillos, Fabricios, Curios omnisque eos, qui haec ex minimis tanta fecerunt. The family was extinct Sen. suas. 2 § 22 Scaurum Mamercum in quo Scaurorum familia extincta est. Tac. vI 29 Ma

mercus dein Scaurus rursum postulatur, insignis nobilitate et orandis causis, vita probrosus...Scaurus ut dignum veteribus Aemiliis, damnationem anteiit.

FABRICIOS II 154. IX 141 142 argenti vascula puri, | sed quae Fabricius censor notet. C. Fabricius Luscinus, cons. B.C. 282 and 278, in his censorship B.C. 275 removed from the senate P. Cornelius Rufinus, for possessing ten pounds of silver plate Liv. periocha 14. Plut. Sull. 1. Sen. vit. beat. 21 § 3. Plin. XXXIII § 153 Fabricius, qui bellicosos imperatores plus quam pateram et salinum habere ex argento vetabat, videret hinc dona fortium fieri aut in haec frangi. heu mores, Fabricii nos pudet!

92 COLLEGA the censors M. Livius Salinator and C. Claudius Nero B.C. 204 VM. 11 9 §6 Nero et citari collegam et equum vendere iussit...Salinator quoque eadem animadversione Neronem persecutus est.

94 OCEANO FLUCTU XV 23 n. mare oceanum nom. in Ampel. 17. Neue 1o 642-3. The tortoiseshell was brought from the mare Indicum Plin. IX § 35.

TESTUDO VI 80. XIV 308. Mart. XII 66 5 gemmantes prima fulgent testudine lecti. Plin. IX § 39 testudinum putamina secare in laminas lectosque et repositoria his vestire Carvilius Pollio instituit, prodigi ac sagacis ad luxuriae instrumenta ingenii. id. xxxIII § 146 triclinia of tortoiseshell came into fashion under Tiberius.

95 TROIUGENIS I 100 n.

FULCRUM VI 22. Prop. IIIII 13 21 when I die, let me not be buried in state nec mihi tum fulcro sternatur lectus eburno. 96 NUDO LATERE ET PARVIS Ov. m. 1 19 20 frigida pugnabant calidis, umentia siccis, | mollia cum duris, sine pondere (=Tois avev Bápovs ovow) habentia pondus. II 403 404 firma suique roboris.

PARVIS III 203.

FRONS (VM. II 10 § 3 lecti illius frontem Macedonicis triumphis...adornatam) is the head of the couch. The sides were plain, not inlaid with ivory or tortoiseshell. Liv. XXXIX 6 B.C. 187 § 7 luxuriae enim peregrinae origo ab exercitu Asiatico invecta in urbem est. i primum lectos aeratos [Cic. Verr. Iv § 60], vestem stragulam pretiosam...et, quae tum magnificae supellectilis habebantur, monopodia et abacos Romam advexerunt. 97 VILE of rude workmanship and small cost.

CORONATI ASELLI Ov. f. vI 311 ecce coronatis panis dependet asellis. The head was crowned with vine-leaves, the ass being sacred to Bacchus (and Vesta, Ov. 1. 1., Prop. IV 1 21 Vesta coronatis pauper gaudebat asellis). Hygin. fab. 274 antiqui autem nostri in lectis tricliniaribus in fulcris

M. JUV. III.

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