XI

At the time of the Megalesian games (193), early in April, Iuv. invites his friend Persicus to a frugal dinner.

The rich epicure is admired; the poor, derided: our housekeeping and our whole plan of life should be in just proportion to our means (1-38). ¡Many, it is true, neglect this golden rule; they riot for a while at Rome, and then retire to Baiae, to avoid their creditors (38-55).

To-day, my friend, you may judge whether I practise the frugality which I preach; whether I live like the worthies of those good old times when heaven itself guarded our city (56

119), or, like their pampered descendants, can relish no meal but such as is served on the costliest tables, by the most expert and elegant slaves' (120-161). Let richer men enliven their feasts by voluptuous songs and dances: here you may listen, if you will, to Homer or his rival Virgil (162—182).

Leave then all care behind you; leave to younger men the dissipation of the Circus, and spend the festival with me in enjoyments better suited to our years (183-208).

Whether Persicus is a real or fictitious character does not appear; it is not certain that Iuvenal would have hesitated to address a living friend in such verses as 186 seq.

Cf. Hor. s. II 2. ep. 1 5. Mart. v 78. X 48. XI 52. Plin. ep. 1 15; on luxurious furniture Clem. Al. paed. II c. 3; and on the frugal life of the old Romans VM. IV 4.

1-23 the cost of our table must be proportioned to our means; what is due state in Atticus, is stark madness in Rutilus. Many men waste their estate in dainty living, till at last they are fain to enlist as sword-players, and put up with the hodgepodge of the trainer's barrack.

1 21 22. 171-8. cf. VIII 182 n.

ATTICUS Ti. Claudius Atticus (father of Herodes Atticus), who discovered an immense treasure, the entire enjoyment of which was allowed him by Nerva (Philostr. soph. II I § 3.

Zonar. XI 20). He was twice consul (Philostr. § 1. Suid. 'Hpdns), the first time before 859 u. c., for he must have been the Atticus consular legate of Syria in the tenth year of Trajan (Eus. h. e. III 32 §§ 3. 6).

LAUTUS I 67 n.

2 RUTILUS XIV 18 a poor noble.

MAIORE CACHINNO III 100.

CACHINNO III 152-3 n.

3 APICIUS IV 23 n. Apion the grammarian wrote a monograph on his luxury Ath. 294.

4 CONVICTUS I 145 n. Quintil. VI 3 § 27 in convictibus et quotidiano sermone. Mart. XII praef. illam iudiciorum subtilitatem, illud materiarum ingenium, bybliothecas, theatra, convictus, in quibus studere se voluptates non sentiunt, ad summam omnia illa, quae delicati reliquimus, desideramus quasi destituti.

THERMAE VII 233 n. Mart. v 20 8-10 of an easy life of enjoyment, sed gestatio, fabulae, libelli, campus, porticus, umbra, virgo, thermae, | haec essent loca semper, hi labores.

STATIONES Plin. ep. 1 13 § 2 plerique in stationibus sedent, tempusque audiendi fabulis conterunt. ib. II 9 § 5 ambio domos stationesque circumeo. dig. XLVII 10 15 § 7 ad stationem vel tabernam. συστάσεις. λέσχαι. Special stationes near the forum for provincial towns Suet. Ner. 37. Plin. XVI § 236.

5 DE RUTILO supply loquuntur XIII 181. XIV 189. Madvig § 447 d.

VALIDA AC IUVENALIA MEMBRA as )( iuvenilis iuvenalis connotes praiseworthy qualities, manly vigour. Verg. Aen. V 475 quae fuerint iuvenali in corpore vires. So iuvena

liter.

6 GALEAE VII 33 patiens cassidis. he might have won honour in the field of battle. cf. Iuv. VIII 199 n.

FERTUR 'is reported'; it is the fabula of every lounge.

7 COGENTE VIII 193 n. The tribune (cf. VII 228 n.) has not indeed assigned over Rutilus's estate to his creditors, and so driven him to engage himself to the lanista for his bread; but yet he has not interposed to save him from a degradation worse than slavery (VIII 199 n.). Prohibeo was the technical form of intercessio on behalf of a citizen Gell. VI-VII 19 § 5, and the chief function of the tribunate was jealously to guard the free

dom of Roman citizens.

SED NEC Ov. Pont. I 1 19 nec vos hoc vultis, sed nec prohibere potestis. Hand Tursell. IV 117.

NEC PROHIBENTE Stat. s. 1 2 193 nec me prohibente. 8 v 122 n. [Quintil.] decl. 302 p. 586 Burman ...illum ergo maiores prohibuerunt theatro, qui utilitate, qui gula se auctorasset. Fréemen who engaged themselves as gladiators (se

auctorabant), were sworn to obedience Petron. 117 in verba. Eumolpi sacramentum iuravimus, uri, vinciri, verberari ferroque necari et quicquid aliud Eumolpus iussisset, tamquam legitimi gladiatores domino corpora animasque religiosissime addicimus. Sen. ep. 37 §§ 1 2 illius turpissimi auctoramenti verba sunt: 'uri, vinciri ferroque necari. ab his, qui manus harenae locant et edunt ac bibunt, quae per sanguinem reddant, cavetur, ut ista vel inviti patiantur. The lanistae are called doctores (VM. II 3 § 2 ex ludo C. Aurelii Scauri doctoribus gladiatorum arcessitis vitandi atque inferendi ictus subtiliorem rationem legionibus ingeneravit. doctores myrmillonum inscr.) or magistri (Cic. de or. III § 86 magister hic Samnitium...quotidie commentatur); their lessons, dictata Suet. Caes. 26 Casaubon.

SCRIPTURUS esse cf. publ. sch. Lat. gr. § 99 I a p. 346.

LANISTAE III 158 n. Sen. ep. 87 § 15 quod contemptissimo cuique contingere ac turpissimo potest, bonum non est; opes autem et lenoni et lanistae contingunt. The fallen noble's rex, from whom he receives laws, is a lanista! cf. v 170-3 n. on the voluntary slavery of trencher-knights. [Quintil.] decl. 9 § 22 illud vero existimo gravius, nomen gladiatoris accipere, subire dominum lanistam.

10 Hor. s. I 2 9 omnia conductis coemens obsonia nummis. Sen. ben. I 10 § 2 foedissimum patrimoniorum exitum culina.

MACELLI 64 n. v 95 n. Ter. eun. 255-8 ad macellum ubi advenimus, concurrunt laeti mi obviam cuppedinarii omnes, | cetarii, lani, coqui, fartores, piscatores, | quibus et re salva et perdita profueram.

11 QUIBUS IN SOLO VIVENDI CAUSA PALATO EST XII 50 51. Gell. XIX 2 § 7 Socrates quidem dicebat multos homines propterea velle vivere ut ederent et biberent, se bibere atque esse ut viveret.

VIVENDI CAUSA VIII 84 n.

12 EGREGIUS many exx. of such forms (e.g. sobrior, industrior) in Kühner (1877) 1 370. Neue 112 112-4. 689. Sen. de clem. I 13 § 2 noxior.

13 ET CITO CASURUS I 33 34 magni delator amici | et cito rapturus.

PERLUCENTE II 78. Sen. Herc. f. 1001 perlucet omnis regia. Holyday 'he's set | on riot most, that still is most in debt, and soon must fall; you may see through the rent.

14 INTEREA while ruin threatens.

GUSTUS here (cf. visus) concrete of the thing tasted=sapores. Colum. III 2 § 5 a site for a vineyard in quo gustus nobilis pretiosusque fluit.

ELEMENTA through air, earth and water v 94 n.

Luc. x

155-169 e.g. infudere epulas auro, quod terra, quod aer, quod pelagus Nilusque dedit, quod luxus inani | ambitione furens toto quaesivit in orbe, non mandante fame. Gell. VI VII 16 §6 peragrantis gulae et in sucos inquirentis indus triam atque has undique vorsum indagines cuppediarum; the chapter gives from Varro repl édeσμárov a list of dainties quae profunda ingluvies vestigavit with their

homes.

XIII 144. Madvig § 348

16 ATTENDAS...IUVANT X 339 n. n. 3. publ. sch. gr. § 214. Roby § 1574.

MAGIS ILLA IUVANT, QUAE PLURIS EMUNTUR 14 n. 120-9.

v 94 n. Hor. s. II 2 15-53. Petron. 93 ales Phasiacis petita Colchis atque Afrae volucres placent palato, | quod non sunt faciles; ib. 119 7-8 non vulgo nota placebant gaudia, non usu plebeio trita voluptas. Sen. ep. 122 § 14 omnia concupiscenti aut contemnenti, prout magno aut parvo empta sunt, fastidio est lumen gratuitum. id. cons. Helv. 10 § 5 0 miserabiles, quorum palatum nisi ad pretiosos cibos non excitatur! pretiosos autem non eximius sapor...sed raritas et difficultas parandi facit...omnes regiones pervagantur, maria traiciunt et, cum famem exiguo possint sedare, magno irritant.

17 ERGO therefore, since they like expense for its own sake, they make no conscience of pawning the family plate.

PERITURAM I 18 n. Phaedr. III 2 5. to be squandered on their appetite.

18 OPPOSITIS So in Catullus's pun 26 Ellis Furi, villula nostra non ad Austri | flatus opposita est neque ad favoni. Į ...verum ad milia quindecim et ducentos. | o ventum horribilem atque pestilentem!

MATRIS IMAGINE FRACTA he defaces a silver medallion of his mother, and pawns it as old silver. Plin. xxxv § 4 pinacothecas veteribus tabulis consuunt alienasque effigies colunt, ipsi honorem non nisi in pretio ducentes, ut frangat heres furisque detrahat laqueus. Ambr. de Tobia § 10 frangam propter te argentum paternum quod fabrefactum est.

19 QUADRINGENTIS 400 sesterces.

CONDIRE to load with dainties.

19 20 GULOSUM FICTILE a contradictio in adiecto like III 182 183 ambitiosa paupertate. Hier. ep. 1077 ad Laetam § 10 gulosa abstinentia Phasidis aves ac fumantes turtures vorant, ne scilicet Cerealia dona contaminent.

20 FICTILE his plate is in pawn, so that he must eat his delicacies off earthenware. III 168 n. fictilibus cenare pudet. SIC schol. 'cum non habeant, unde manducent, distrahent se ad ludum.'

MISCELLANEA Schol. 'cibus gladiatorum,...ideo miscellanea, qui omnia, quae apponuntur eis, miscent et sic manducant.' Quintil. decl. 9 § 5 alebat devotum corpus gravior omni fame sagina et inter debita noxae mancipia contemptissimus tiro gladiator...discebam quotidie scelus. ib. § 10 quid praestiti?...quod lanista gladiatori, exiguam stipem et cibos semper petendos.

LUDI VIII 199 n. [Quintil.] decl. 9 § 21 in ludo fui: qua poena nullam ulteriorem scelera noverunt.

21 ERGO since so many are ruined by luxury, men give it a bad name in those of narrow means; while in the rich it is extolled as generosity or taste 1. VIII 182.

RUTILO 2.

NAM not found in this position in prose authors. Bentley on Hor. s. 11 6 78.

22 VENTIDIO divite.

23 SUMET the subject is haec eadem parare, which is also the subject of est.

23-38 in all things great and small 'know thyself,' attempt nothing beyond thy power; thus Socrates disregarded natural philosophy in comparison with self-knowledge Plat. apol. 19bc. Encyclopaedic learning was in fashion, even in poetry (in imitation of the Alexandrine school) cf. Lucan, the Aetna etc.

24 ATLAS Aen. IV 481 maximus Atlas. ib. 246 seq.

25 HIC Herm. in Halm on Cic. Vatin. § 24 gives other exx. of relative sentences, in the second clause of which, instead of repeating the relative, the writer employs the demonstrative. The sentence is one, in which two contrasted clauses are connected as coordinate, in such a way that while the two together suit the meaning of the context, one of them, taken apart from the other, will not. Cic. Phil. 2 § 110 1. 6 n. de fin. 1 § 15 Madvig. Liv. II 12 § 2 C. Mucius,...cui indignum videbatur, populum Romanum servientem, cum sub regibus esset, nullo bello nec ab hostibus ullis obsessum esse, liberum eundem populum ab isdem Etruscis obsideri. Here it is not for the study of African geography that the man is despicable, but for neglecting more necessary studies.

26 ARCA X 25 n. XIV 259 260 aerata multus in arca | fiscus. Catull. 23 1 Furi, cui neque servus est neque arca.

27 SACCULUS XIV 138. Catull. 13 7 8 nam tui Catulli | plenus sacculus est aranearum. Mart. complaining that he had spent his little all on a wealthy orbus V 39 7 excussi loculosque sacculumque.

E CAELO II 40. Stat. s. II 2 Hand caelone peractum | fluxit opus? Quintil. 1 6 § 16 non enim, cum primum fingerentur homines, analogia demissa caelo formam loquendi dedit.