Tree Disease Concepts

abiotic agent air pollution areas Ascomycete ascospores associated bacteria bacterium bark basidiospores beetles biotic blight blister rust branches brown rot cambium canker fungi caused cell wall cellulose Chapter chemical compliments of Dr conidia conifers Cronartium crops decay fungi decline disease cycle Dutch elm disease effects environmental enzymes epidemic factors FIGURE foliage diseases Fomes forest pathology fruit bodies fungicides fungus gall genetic germination growth hardwoods heart rot host hyphae Hypoxylon increase infection inoculum interaction invasion leaf lignin longleaf pine maple mellea moisture mycoplasma mycorrhizae needle nematodes nitrogen nursery nutrients occur organisms parasitic pathogen pathologists phloem Photograph compliments Phytopathology plantations population problems produce recognize reduced resistance Ribes root rot rust diseases rust fungi saprophytic seed seedlings soil species spores stain stem structures surface symptoms teliospores temperature tion tissue TREE DISEASES USDA virus viruses western white pine white pine wilt wood decay wounds xylem