4 Cloths for shirts and sheeting 30 to 42 do. 40 to 50 do. do. do. $5 to 75 do. Counterpanes at 8 dollars each Those several goods are already equal in appearance to the English imported articles of the same description, and su, perior in durability; and the finishing is still improving. The proportion of fine. yarns is also increasing, The same articles are manufactured in several other places, and particularly at Philadelphia, where are also made from the same material, webbing and coach Jaces, (which articles have also excluded, or will soon exclude, similar foreign importations,) table and other diaper cloth, jeans, vest patterns, cotton kerseymeres, and blankets. The manufacture of fustians, cords, and velvet, has also been commenced in the interior and western parts of Pennsylvania, and in Kentucky. Some of the mills above-mentioned, are also employed in carding and spinning wool, though not to a considerable amount. But almost the whole of that material is spun and wove in private families; and there are yet but few establishments for the manufacture of woollen cloths. Some information has, however, been received respecting fourteen of these, manufacturing each, on an average, ten thousand yards of cloth a-year, worth from one to ten dollars a yard. It is believed, that there are others from which no information has been obtained; and it is known that several establish ments, on a smaller scale, exist in Philadelphia, Baltimore, and some other pla ces. All those cloths, as well as those manufactured in private families, are generally superior in quality, though somewhat inferior in appearance to imported cloths of the same price. The principal obstacle to the extension of the manufacture, is the want of wool, which is still deficient both in quality and quan tity. But those defects are daily and rapidly lessened by the introduction of sheep of the Merino, and other superior breeds, by the great demand for the article, and by the attention now every where paid by farmers to the increase and improvement of their flocks.* The Bank of England, by discounting accommodation bills for woolstaplers, lately Manufacturing establishments for spin. ping and weaving flax, are yet but few. In the state of New York, there is one which employs a capital of 18,000 dollars, and twenty six persons, and in which about ninety thousand pounds of flax are annually spun and wore into canvas, and other coarse linen. Information has been received respecting two in the vis cinity of Philadelphia, one of which pro duces annua ly 72,000 yards of canvas marle of flax and cotton; in the other, the flax is both hackled and spun by ma chinery; thirty looms are employed, and it is said, that 500,000 yards of cotton bagging, sail-cloth, and coarse linen, may be made annually. Hosiery may also be considered as almost exclusively a household manufac ture. That of Germantown has de clined, and it does not appear to have places. There are, however, some exbeen attempted on a large scale in other ceptions; and it is stated, that the island of Martha's Vineyard exports annually nine thousand pair of stockings. far the greater part of the goods made of II. Household Manufactures.-But by those materials (cotton, flax, and wool), mostly for their own use, and partly for are manufactured in private families, sale. They consist principally of coarse cloth, flannel, cotton stuffs, and stripes of every description, linen, and mixtures of wool with flax or cotton. The infor from more than sixty different places, mation received from every state, and concurs in establishing the fact of an extraordinary increase during the two last about two-thirds of the clothing, incluyears, and in rendering it probable that ding hosiery, and of the house and tablelinen worn and used by the inhabitants of the United States, who do not reside in cities, is the product of family manu factures. In the eastern and middle states, card. ing machines, worked by water, are every where established, and they are rapidly extending southwardly and westwardly. Jennies, other family spinning machines, and flying shuttles, are also introduced in many places; and as many for finishing all the cloth which is woven fulling-mills are erected, as are required in private familes. contrived to ruin the woollen manufacturers' of England, and it may be years before they recover the blow. The indiscreet discounte of that bank, granted to monopolists. bankers, and speculators only, will, in due time, destroy every branch of trade and manufactures of Great Britain, if not checked by parlia ment. Difficult Difficult as it is to form an estimate, it is inferred from a comparison of all the facts which have been communicated, with the population of the United States (estimated at six millions of white, and twelve hundred thousand black persons), that the value of all the goods made of cotton, wool, and flax, which are annually manufactured in the United States, exceeds forty millions of dollars. ally 35,000 hats, at five dollars a-piece, and to employ 150 workmen. The quantity made in Rhode Island, is stated at 50,000, worth five dollars each, exclusively of felt hats. Connecticut and New York, make more than is necessary for their consumption; the largest establishment being that of Dan bury, where 200 persons are employed, and to the amount of 180,000 dollars annually manufactured. In Vermont, the manufacture supplies the consump tion. It is stated by the hatters of Pl ladelphia, that 92,000 hats, worth five dollars each, are annually made there; in addition to which, 50,000 country bate, worth three dollars each, are annually sold in the city. In various quarters, the scarcity of wool is complained of, as preventing the making of a sufficient quantity of coarse hats. From all the information which has been received, it is believed that the value of all the hats annually made in the United States, is near.ten millions of dollars. (To be continued.) The manufacture of cards and wire, is intimately connected with this part of the subject. Whitemore's machine for making cards, has completely excluded foreign importations of that article. The capital employed in that branch may be estimated at 200,000 dollars; and that the annual consumption amounted, till lately, to twenty thousand dozen pair of band cards, and twenty thousand square feet of cards for machines, worth together about 200,000 dollars. The demand of last year was double that of 1808, and is still rapidly increasing. But the wire itself is altogether imported, and a very serious inconveniency might. arise from any regulation which would To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. check or prevent the exportation from foreign countries. It appears, however, by the communication, that the manufacture may, and would be immediately established, so as to supply the demand both for cards and other objects, provided the same duty were imposed on wire, now imported duty free, which is laid on other articles made of the same material. The whole amount of wire annually used for cards, does not at present exceed twentyfive tons, worth about 40,000 dollars. Hats.-The annual importations of foreign hats amount to 350,000. The annual exportation of American hats, to 100,000. The domestic manufacture is therefore nearly equal to the home consumption, The number made in the state of Massa. chusetts is estimated by the hat company of Boston, at four times the number required for the consumption of the state: and from other information it would appear, that in that state alone, the capital applied to that branch is near three millions of dollars, the number of persons employed about four thousand, and the number of hats annually made 1,550,000; of which 1,150,000 are fine hats, worth on an average four dollars each, and 400.000 felt hats, worth one dollar cach. That the manufacture is stiprofitable, appears from a late establishment on Charles river, calculated to make annu, U SIR, NDERSTANDING that the very very round assertions in your last Maga. ample reply to Mr. H. B. Smart's zine, which I troubled you with at the beginning of the month, has by some accident been mislaid, and deeming it not proper that the public should suspect me of one hour's avoidable delay in refuting a statement, which, if true, must impeach my veracity; I request you to let it be known, through the medium of your correspondence, that I have put · into your hands what appears to be a complete detection in the first place, of Mr. S.'s positive declaration, that "there is not a single portion of his book that is not founded on the authority of Walker, Herries, Nares, Sheridan, and Rice;" and, in the second place, of his very con sistent appendix to that declaration, wherein he lays claim to certain essential portions as having "come into his head,” and been "derived from his own experience." of which I have unfortunately no copy, I hope, sir, that the reply referred to, will yet come to hand, and make its appearance in a future Number. In the following postscript, (though it will be mean time, I wili thank you to insert the putting the cart before the horse), the substance of which it was my intention to have added to that communication: as as it contains particular references to the documents, in which my prior claims will be found to those parts of the doctrines of the " Grammar of English Pronunciation," for which Mr. S. could have no authority in the authors to whom he refers. P.S. That I may not be suspected of sheltering myself under the vague pretence of references to works, through the whole of which few persons can be expected to wade merely for satisfaction on such points, seeking (according to the old proverb) for a needle in a bottle of hay," it may not be amiss to particularize the grounds of my claims by title, date, and page. In the printed prospectus, or outlines, which, for several years, I have been in the habit of asing, binding up with my books of selections, and otherwise amply distributing, p. 29 to 31, and particularly at the bottom of p. 32, will be found sufficient evidence of the Stress laid on the quantity of the consonant elements. In "Dr. Rees's New Cyclopædia," vol. xii. part ii. title "Element in the Science of Elocution," will be found some specific references to this document, with quotations, &c., avowedly from my pen. In the Prospectus (some copies of which, printed as early as in the month of March, 3803, are still in my possession) and which has been multiplied through several editions, each consisting of some thousand copies, the implication, or vocal combination of words," and the principle of "continuous harmony" (or uninterrupted flow of the stream of voice through the respective members of a sentence), as removing the hypercritical "prejudices about monosyllables," &c. are expressly laid down as subjects to be des scanted upon in my lectures: and in 1807, a copy of this announcement was circulated to every known seminary, and almost every public and private teacher in and around the metropolis. In the lectures so announced, this principle was not only fully explained, but it was frequently and ardently contended, that in point of monosyllabic or polysyllabic Structure, the English language and the Greek, (when the former is rightly understood, and well delivered) differ only to the eye, and not to the ear; my regular definition of the perfection of elocutionary utterance being, that it consisted in "a mode of speaking or of reading, that combined the utmost contradistinctness of element, with the most uninterrupted flow of vocal sound." Under the title Enunciation," in the above quoted Cyclopædia, vol. xiii. part i. will be found (with the formal avowal of my name, and reference to my lectures) a still more ample and explicit elucidation of this principle of implication, or the combination of words in oral utterance, which are graphically separated; and by which, without injury to he intelligible distinctness of the respective words, all differences of auditory impression are removed between monosyllabic and poly syllabic composition." The article also contains a very particular description of the process, by which this combination of appa. rently separate words, is to be effected; with illustrations the most explicit and unequiVocal. Under the title "Elocution," in the second column of the second pa e of the same volume, will be found an explicit statement of my principle, relative to the treatment of impediments, by applying the laws of musical proportion to the utterance of speech. And in that article, will also be found, some statement of the physiological bases, upon which the principle is founded. The reader who will turn to the Monthly Magazine for june, 1804, vol. xvii. And p. 466, col. 1. vol. xix, p. 348, and vol to be applicable to the treatment of impedi- To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, OFTEN puzzle persons, who in general reason closely, by asking them, Why a boat sinks when a hole is made in the bottom? Many of your readers, from habitually Bonsidering this cause and effect as inseparable, will be disposed to smile at the question. I will, however, prove its claim to consideration, by reminding them, that the boat, which sinks when there is a hole in the bottom, is specifically lighter than water: that is, we have in this fact, the philosophical paradox of a body sink ing in a fluid of greater specific gravity! The cause is worthy of consideration, because, as boats and marine vessels in general are of great importance to man, deductions and inferences may arise from its explication, of considerable practical utility. The ship-builder and the navigator may avail themselves of it in a way which I cannot hastily anticipate; and the principle may, in various respects, prove of consequence to mankind. In brief then a boat, or ship, the ma. terials of which are specifically lighter than water, sinks when a hole is made in it below the water, by the pressure of the parts of the vessel which are out of or above the water, upon the parts which are immersed. This principle being understood, numerous practical inferences flash on the mind; and I shall briefly state those which at this moment occur to me. 1. When a ship springs a dangerous leak, the true way to prevent her sink ing is to diminish her height, and voluntarily sink all that is possible of her bulk in the water. Whatever belongs to her which is specifically lighter than water, should be cast over-board, without being detached from the ship's holy. The masts should be cut away and fastened along-side, on or under the water. Every thing should be removed which is spe above the level of the deck; 2. With respect to a boat, the prin ciple is the same. If a boat springs a leak, or from any other cause fills with water, the passengers should instantly lie down, and keep nothing but their faces above the water. Every thing heavier than water should be thrown overboard, and nothing be allowed to stand above the level of the water, or on the top of the boat. 3. By attending to the same prin ciple, persons may often avoid being drowned. The total of the human body, in vital action, is specifically lighter than water; a living human body therefore will swim in water, provided it is not sunk by parts of it being protruded above the water, which unimmersed parts force down the parts under the water, till the internal cavities fill. If a person who falls into water, holds his breath, till, by the laws of specific gravity, he rises again to the surface, and then protrudes no part of his body above the surface besides his face, he cannot sink again. But the weight of his arms alone, if protruded out of the water, or even the entire of his head, without appropriate action, will be sufficient to sink him. Men are drowned, and all animals swim, when thrown into water; simply because men are able to raise their fore-limbs above their heads, and animals are not able to do so. The animal sinks to the level ascertained by his own specific gravity, and that of the fluid, which leaves perhaps nothing but his nose above the water; and then, to regain the shore, he exerts the same action with his limbs as he does in walking, If men were to res main passive, keep down their hands, trust to the laws of specific gravity, and put themselves in the attitude of walking, the same results, and the same ecurity, would, in general, be the con•sequence. Savages swim from their infancy on the same principle; and civi lized lized man may, in this respect, condescend to take a lesson from savage and animal life or, in other words, from pure nature. For the present, I am content with having, through your Magazine, submitted these ideas to the world, and I leave it to the leisure, opportunity, patriotism, or benevolence, of others, to apply them to all their beneficial purposes. COMMON SENSE. N. B. It concerns me to observe, by the records of mortality in your Magazine, that numerous females were burnt to death during the last winter, not withstanding I pointed eut an infallible means of avoiding such accidents in a former paper. As those means cannot too often be published, I shall remind your readers that they consist simply in the party lying down, as soon as the clothes are discovered to be on fire. A lady's muslin dress, which might take fire at the skirt, would burn from top to bottom, and produce a fatal density of flame in half a minute, while she is standing upright; but if she were instantly to lie down, even though she took no pains leisurely to extinguish the fames, ten minutes would elapse before her dress could be consumed, and the flame would be such as might, at any instant, be extinguished by the thumb and fingers. Is it not then most afflicting, that fatal accidents should arise from a cause so easily averted? To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIB, ON NF of your correspondents in your last Number, states the great obstacle in the way of rearing silk-worms in this country, to be the difficulty of retarding the hatching of the eggs until the late period at which mulberry leaves appear. It may be useful to him, and to such of your readers as are inclined to amuse themselves with breeding these insects, to be informed that the exclusion of the eggs entirely depends upon the degree of temperature to which they are exposed, and may be regulated at pleasure. In the East Indies they hatch in a week or two; here not for some months, commonly six or seven. By inclosing them in a dry phial, tightly corked, and kept in a cellar, they may be preserved in a dormant state for a much longer period; and may be hatched at any time in a few days by exposure to the sun. There is no reason to doubt that if placed in anie-house, their exclusion might be retarded for upwards of a year. Though your correspondent is mis taken on this head, he is quite right in coming to the conclusion that silk worms are never likely to be bred with To |
